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Handy guide to XBRL terms oct 2011
1. An XBRL Glossary XBRL Consulting A division of Blue Consulting Pvt. Ltd. October 2011
2. XBRL- A Snapshot XBRL = eXtensible Business Reporting Language, an XML software language. XBRL - a software language for the electronic communication of business and financial data which is revolutionising business reporting around the world. Main impact areas - the preparation, analysis, and communication of business information. I Some benefits - cost savings, greater efficiency and improved accuracy and reliability to all those involved in supplying or using financial data. Created by an American CPA, Charles Hoffman , in 1998 XBRL had a slow start, but has been championed by XBRL International and regulators in USA, UK, Japan, Singapore and many other countries.
3. A ~ Z These are some of the commonly used terms associated with XBRL. As implementation of XBRL continues in India, the glossary may alter to encompass our own specific requirements.
4. A ~ B attribute - a property of an element (e.g., its name, balance, and data type). block tagging - the process of applying a selected element to a block of text in a report (e.g., an entire footnote disclosure, a significant accounting policy, or a table).
5. C calculation linkbase - a file containing calculation relationships between elements. Central Index Key (CIK) - a unique, public number that is assigned to each entity. Use of the CIK allows differentiation between filing entities with similar names. context - the company- and report-specific information that indicates the relationships of tagged data to other information.
6. D definition linkbase (or, dimensional linkbase) - a file used to define dimensional relationships between elements.
7. E extension taxonomy - a taxonomy that allows users to add to a base taxonomy by creating new elements or changing element relationships and labels without altering the original taxonomy. It will usually consist of a schema file (an XBRL term for an element declaration file) and several linkbases (an XBRL term for a relationships file).
8. I identifier - an identifier for the business entity. For example, an SEC registrant might use the Central Index Key (CIK) code as its identifier. IFRS Taxonomy - a taxonomy developed by the IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee) Foundation that represents concepts defined in the International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and the relations between them. instance document - an XML file that contains an entity's report-specific information. It represents a compilation of the reporting entity's financial and report-specific information using elements from one or more taxonomies.
9. L label linkbase - a file used to associate labels with designated tags. linkbase - an XBRL technical term for a relationships file.
10. M mapping - the process of determining the appropriate tag or element for an item in the financial statements, including the notes to the financial statements and financial statement schedules, or determining if a new extension element should be created.
11. N ~ P namespace - an XML namespace is a collection of names, identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) reference, which are used in XBRL documents as element types and attribute names. presentation linkbase - a file that defines the organizational relationships (order) of elements using parent-child hierarchies.
12. R reference linkbase - a file used to associate elements within the taxonomy to references to authoritative accounting literature. relationships file - a taxonomy file that defines specific relationships between elements and other data about elements. There are five standard relationships file types: Presentation, Calculation, Definition (Dimensional), Label, and Reference.
13. S schema - an XBRL Schema defines the structure and the content of the XBRL documents that refer to it, by defining, in particular, the elements and attributes and providing information about their type and possible content. scheme - a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for referencing the naming authority framework for the identifier (see "identifier" above). Not to be confused with schema (see "schema" above). For example, if an SEC registrant uses its CIK code as the identifier, the scheme might reference the related listing of CIK codes.
14. T tag (noun) - an XBRL tag, or element, is a computer-readable financial reporting term or concept (e.g., a line item on the face of the financial statements, an important narrative disclosure, or an item disclosed in a financial statement schedule). tagging (verb) - the process of associating or applying selected tags or elements to financial data, as well as adding context to the data. The tagging process is performed during the creation of an instance document. taxonomy - a dictionary of computer-readable business reporting terms (known as tags or elements) in which each term is defined and assigned a relationship to other terms.
15. U US GAAP Taxonomies - a set of taxonomies for building instance documents for financial statements and financial statement schedules for entities that report using U.S. GAAP. The US GAAP Taxonomies are developed by XBRL US, Inc., and are identified by a release date or version (e.g., "US GAAP Taxonomies, Release 2009" and "US GAAP Taxonomies 1.0"). Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) - a string of characters used to identify or name a resource on the Internet. Uniform Resource Locator (URL) - a variety of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it.
16. V validate - the process of verifying that certain aspects of instance documents and taxonomies comply with XBRL specifications.
17. Recommended Reading Websites Ministry of Corporate Affairs http://www.mca.gov.in/ The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India http://www.xbrl.icai.org/ XBRL International http://www.xbrl.org/ XBRL India (XBRL India is the Indian Jurisdiction of XBRL International) http://www2.xbrl.org/in/
18. Recommended Reading continued Books XBRL for Dummies – by Charles Hoffman Financial Reporting Using XBRL - by Charles Hoffman ICAI Publication on XBRL – A Primer Article India: On the Road to XBRL-Enabled Financial Reporting~ Chandan Goyal.
19. Recommended XBRL Process Flow Client Client provides Annual Report in Word, Excel or Other format Mapping and tagging Review and validation XBRL instance document Blue Consulting Analysis of Annual Report Client Review and upload of XBRL documents to MCA website
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