Haemarrhoids
•
2 likes•357 views
The patient has been diagnosed with prolapsed hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids are classified into four degrees based on severity, from first degree which only bleeds to fourth degree which is permanently prolapsed. Hemorrhoids form due to factors like portal hypertension, infection, diet, and aging that cause the anal cushions to displace downward and the mucosa to experience trauma. Symptoms include bleeding, discharge, discomfort, pain, and visible lumps. Exclusion of colorectal cancer requires flexible or rigid sigmoidoscopy. Treatment options range from symptomatic relief to sclerotherapy, banding, and open or closed hemorrhoidectomy, with complications including pain, bleeding, infection, and incontinence.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Budd chiari syndrome
.Budd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndrome
Budd chairi syn by dr sirijan
The document describes the case of an 18-year-old male admitted with blood in vomitus and black tarry stool. On examination, he was found to have pallor and splenomegaly. Further tests revealed elevated liver enzymes. Doppler ultrasound and MRI showed no flow in the hepatic veins with features suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome, a rare disorder where the hepatic veins are blocked. The patient was diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome and treated medically to manage ascites and provide anticoagulation.
Corpulmonale
Cor pulmonale is a disease of the right ventricle characterized hypertrophy and dilation that results from diseases directly affecting the lung parenchyma or lung vasculature.
It is the enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to diseases of the lung , thorax, or pulmonary circulation.
Flial chest
Flail chest is diagnosed clinically by observing paradoxical chest wall movement and confirmed via chest x-ray showing fractures of three or more ribs in two or more locations. Treatment includes oxygen administration, pain management with opiates or nerve blocks, chest physiotherapy, and mechanical ventilation or operative fixation only for patients with respiratory insufficiency or complications from narcotics.
Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids are vascular cushions in the anal canal that can become swollen and engorged with blood due to increased pressure in the anal veins, common symptoms include bleeding, pain, itching and bulging during bowel movements, and treatment ranges from lifestyle and diet changes to minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or injection sclerotherapy to surgery.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia. It is usually caused by bacteria entering through breaks in the skin or surgery. Clinically, it presents with severe pain and swelling spreading beyond the site of infection. Treatment requires aggressive antibiotic therapy and urgent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue to remove the infected areas. Despite treatment, complications can be severe and mortality remains high if not recognized and treated promptly.
Hemorrhoids-
HEMORRHOIDS IS A COMPLEX DISEASE WITH COMPLEX MANAGEMENT.THIS POWERPOINT AIMS TO RESOLVE THIS COMPLEXITY IN THE MOST CONVENIENT WAY
Hemorrhage.pdf
This topic is under the General Principles of Surgery. It is very important for MBBS - Students. New method of resuscitation called the Damaged Control Resuscitation is carried out in controlling the hemorrhage.
Recommended
Budd chiari syndrome
.Budd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndromeBudd chiari syndrome
Budd chairi syn by dr sirijan
The document describes the case of an 18-year-old male admitted with blood in vomitus and black tarry stool. On examination, he was found to have pallor and splenomegaly. Further tests revealed elevated liver enzymes. Doppler ultrasound and MRI showed no flow in the hepatic veins with features suggestive of Budd-Chiari syndrome, a rare disorder where the hepatic veins are blocked. The patient was diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome and treated medically to manage ascites and provide anticoagulation.
Corpulmonale
Cor pulmonale is a disease of the right ventricle characterized hypertrophy and dilation that results from diseases directly affecting the lung parenchyma or lung vasculature.
It is the enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to diseases of the lung , thorax, or pulmonary circulation.
Flial chest
Flail chest is diagnosed clinically by observing paradoxical chest wall movement and confirmed via chest x-ray showing fractures of three or more ribs in two or more locations. Treatment includes oxygen administration, pain management with opiates or nerve blocks, chest physiotherapy, and mechanical ventilation or operative fixation only for patients with respiratory insufficiency or complications from narcotics.
Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids are vascular cushions in the anal canal that can become swollen and engorged with blood due to increased pressure in the anal veins, common symptoms include bleeding, pain, itching and bulging during bowel movements, and treatment ranges from lifestyle and diet changes to minimally invasive procedures like rubber band ligation or injection sclerotherapy to surgery.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia. It is usually caused by bacteria entering through breaks in the skin or surgery. Clinically, it presents with severe pain and swelling spreading beyond the site of infection. Treatment requires aggressive antibiotic therapy and urgent surgical debridement of necrotic tissue to remove the infected areas. Despite treatment, complications can be severe and mortality remains high if not recognized and treated promptly.
Hemorrhoids-
HEMORRHOIDS IS A COMPLEX DISEASE WITH COMPLEX MANAGEMENT.THIS POWERPOINT AIMS TO RESOLVE THIS COMPLEXITY IN THE MOST CONVENIENT WAY
Hemorrhage.pdf
This topic is under the General Principles of Surgery. It is very important for MBBS - Students. New method of resuscitation called the Damaged Control Resuscitation is carried out in controlling the hemorrhage.
Approach to a child with hematemesis or melena
1. A 32 month old male presented with a 2 day history of abdominal pain, black stools, and fresh blood in stool. Physical exam showed pallor and splenomegaly.
2. Initial workup revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Further imaging found portal cavernoma and esophageal varices, indicating extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.
3. The patient was stabilized and treated for upper gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices caused by extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, the most common cause of variceal bleeding in older children in India. Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and management of upper GI bleeding.
Approach to a child with hematemesis or melena
1. A 32 month old male presented with a 2 day history of abdominal pain, black stools, and fresh blood in stool. Physical exam showed pallor and splenomegaly.
2. Initial workup revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Further imaging found portal cavernoma and esophageal varices.
3. In children, common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding include mucosal erosion, variceal bleeding from extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, and peptic ulcer disease. Initial management involves resuscitation followed by endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment.
Lower GI Bleed (Lower Gastro intestinal Bleed)
This document discusses lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, including its definition, presentation, classification, causes, investigations, and treatment. Lower GI bleeding is defined as bleeding from a source distal to the ligament of Treitz in the small intestine. It can present as hematochezia or melena. Major causes include diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, angiodysplasia, and colorectal cancers. Investigations include blood tests, stool tests, endoscopy such as colonoscopy, and imaging like CT or capsule endoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve procedures like polypectomy or surgery.
Lower GI - Bleed
This PPT is for the MBBS - Students mainly to know the causes, types and their association with defecation.
Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
This document describes the case of a 21-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal distension for 10 days and shortness of breath for 3 days. On examination, the patient appeared malnourished and thin with signs of liver dysfunction including pallor, jaundice, clubbing, and leukonychia. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes consistent with liver cirrhosis. Ultrasound showed features of macronodular cirrhosis of the liver with splenomegaly and non-visualization of the hepatic veins. The patient was diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with inherited thrombophilia.
Upper gi tract bleed
Upper GI tract bleeding can present with hematemesis (vomiting of blood) which resembles coffee grounds, indicating bleeding from the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. Common causes include peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, erosive gastritis, esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, stomach cancer, and bleeding disorders. Peptic ulcers are caused by an increase in acid secretion or a decrease in mucosal resistance. Esophageal varices develop due to portal hypertension from liver cirrhosis. Management of upper GI bleeding involves intravenous fluids, monitoring, and endoscopy within 24 hours to control bleeding.
NATIONAL GUIDELINE OF DENGUE.pptx
This document discusses dengue, a viral disease spread by mosquitoes. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, including Bangladesh. There are four serotypes of the dengue virus. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some cause dengue fever or the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Symptoms include fever, rash, bleeding, and plasma leakage in severe cases. Diagnosis involves antigen and antibody testing. Management depends on severity and involves fluid replacement and monitoring for warning signs that indicate the need for hospital admission. The document outlines criteria for admission, treatment approaches, signs of recovery, and discharge criteria.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, its causes, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. The most common cause is cirrhosis. Portal hypertension develops from increased vascular resistance and blood flow in the portal vein. Signs include weakness, weight loss, jaundice, edema, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and endoscopy. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, preventing variceal bleeding, and treating complications.
Srmc abdomen
This document describes the case of a 40-year-old male patient who presented with jaundice, high colored urine, weight loss, abdominal pain, and fever. His symptoms suggest decompensated cirrhosis likely due to chronic alcohol intake. On examination, he showed signs of liver cell failure including clubbing and alopecia but no features of hepatic encephalopathy or coagulopathy. The etiology is likely alcoholism given his history of heavy drinking, though other causes like viral hepatitis must be ruled out. Mechanisms for ascites in portal hypertension include the underfill, overflow, lymph imbalance, and vasodilation theories.
ITP.pptx
This document discusses immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a condition characterized by low platelet count due to autoantibodies against platelets. It notes that a platelet count below 150,000/μL is considered thrombocytopenia. ITP can be primary or secondary to other conditions. The main types are acute (lasting less than 6 months) and chronic (lasting over 6 months). Signs and symptoms include purpura, petechiae, epistaxis, hematuria, and other bleeding. Diagnostic tests include coagulation tests, bleeding time, and detecting platelet-associated antibodies. Bone marrow examination may show megakaryocytic hyperplasia.
Deep vein thrombosis and Pulmonary embolism 2014
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are discussed. Thrombus emboli are identified as the major type of pulmonary emboli. Clinical findings of deep vein thrombosis include unilateral edema and Homans' sign. Treatment involves anticoagulation with heparin, low molecular weight heparin or vitamin K antagonists. Complications can include post-thrombotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism.
PRE OP pre operative assessment before surgery
pre operative assessment and preparation for anesthesia
Upper GI Bleeding.pptx
This document provides information on upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), including its definition, epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Some key points:
- UGIB is 5 times more common than lower GI bleeding and is most often caused by peptic ulcers (duodenal more than gastric).
- Clinical presentation depends on the rate of bleeding, ranging from chronic anemia to hypovolemic shock.
- Initial management involves resuscitation, blood transfusion, and early endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment.
- Endoscopy allows for diagnosis in 80% of cases and treatment of high-risk stigmata like active bleeding or non-bleeding visible
A Case of DVT for Discussion
A 45-year-old woman presented with left leg swelling for 30 days, right abdominal pain for 20 days, and breathlessness for 4 days. Examination found signs of deep vein thrombosis in the left leg, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and ascites. Tests showed positive lupus anticoagulant and ANA antibodies, consistent with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. She was diagnosed with DVT of the left lower limb due to a hypercoagulable state from her autoimmune condition. Treatment included anticoagulation and management of her serositis.
Upper GIT Bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Fluid in abdomen
The document discusses the approach to diagnosing and managing fluid in the abdomen (ascites). It defines ascites as pathological fluid buildup in the peritoneal cavity. Causes can be with or without peritoneal disease and include hepatic, cardiac, renal, abdominal, infectious and autoimmune conditions. Diagnostic paracentesis is important for determining cause. Management involves bed rest, sodium restriction, diuretics and cause-specific therapies. Refractory ascites may require large volume paracentesis or procedures like peritoneovenous shunting or TIPS.
Management of Venous Thromboembolism
The latest guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolism. Includes introduction and management both.
Management of dengue fever in adults-compressed.pdf
This document provides guidance on fluid management for adults with dengue infection. It outlines the pathophysiology of dengue fever and the different phases of illness. Careful patient assessment and monitoring is important to determine the phase of illness and detect warning signs of severe disease. For patients with warning signs and increasing hematocrit, a graded fluid bolus regimen starting at 5 ml/kg/hr is recommended. Fluid responsiveness should be guided by clinical parameters like stable vitals and decreasing hematocrit. Those who progress to shock require different fluid resuscitation algorithms. Strict monitoring of fluid balance and organ function is also emphasized.
Haemorrhage
This topic is purely based on the Bailey & Love. This gives the basic pathophysiology / types / degrees & management.
Diagnostic value of pleural effusion
This document discusses pleural effusions, including their mechanism, normal composition, differentiation between transudative and exudative effusions, and causes. It provides details on parapneumonic effusions and empyema, including classification and treatment approaches. Specific conditions discussed in detail include tuberculous pleural effusions, effusions in HIV patients, chylothorax, pseudochylothorax, and malignant pleural effusions. Useful pleural fluid tests are also summarized.
More Related Content
Similar to Haemarrhoids
Approach to a child with hematemesis or melena
1. A 32 month old male presented with a 2 day history of abdominal pain, black stools, and fresh blood in stool. Physical exam showed pallor and splenomegaly.
2. Initial workup revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Further imaging found portal cavernoma and esophageal varices, indicating extrahepatic portal vein obstruction.
3. The patient was stabilized and treated for upper gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal varices caused by extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, the most common cause of variceal bleeding in older children in India. Endoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and management of upper GI bleeding.
Approach to a child with hematemesis or melena
1. A 32 month old male presented with a 2 day history of abdominal pain, black stools, and fresh blood in stool. Physical exam showed pallor and splenomegaly.
2. Initial workup revealed anemia and thrombocytopenia. Further imaging found portal cavernoma and esophageal varices.
3. In children, common causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding include mucosal erosion, variceal bleeding from extrahepatic portal vein obstruction, and peptic ulcer disease. Initial management involves resuscitation followed by endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment.
Lower GI Bleed (Lower Gastro intestinal Bleed)
This document discusses lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, including its definition, presentation, classification, causes, investigations, and treatment. Lower GI bleeding is defined as bleeding from a source distal to the ligament of Treitz in the small intestine. It can present as hematochezia or melena. Major causes include diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, angiodysplasia, and colorectal cancers. Investigations include blood tests, stool tests, endoscopy such as colonoscopy, and imaging like CT or capsule endoscopy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may involve procedures like polypectomy or surgery.
Lower GI - Bleed
This PPT is for the MBBS - Students mainly to know the causes, types and their association with defecation.
Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
This document describes the case of a 21-year-old male patient who presented with abdominal distension for 10 days and shortness of breath for 3 days. On examination, the patient appeared malnourished and thin with signs of liver dysfunction including pallor, jaundice, clubbing, and leukonychia. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated liver enzymes consistent with liver cirrhosis. Ultrasound showed features of macronodular cirrhosis of the liver with splenomegaly and non-visualization of the hepatic veins. The patient was diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with inherited thrombophilia.
Upper gi tract bleed
Upper GI tract bleeding can present with hematemesis (vomiting of blood) which resembles coffee grounds, indicating bleeding from the esophagus, stomach or duodenum. Common causes include peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, erosive gastritis, esophagitis, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, stomach cancer, and bleeding disorders. Peptic ulcers are caused by an increase in acid secretion or a decrease in mucosal resistance. Esophageal varices develop due to portal hypertension from liver cirrhosis. Management of upper GI bleeding involves intravenous fluids, monitoring, and endoscopy within 24 hours to control bleeding.
NATIONAL GUIDELINE OF DENGUE.pptx
This document discusses dengue, a viral disease spread by mosquitoes. It is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, including Bangladesh. There are four serotypes of the dengue virus. Most infections are asymptomatic, but some cause dengue fever or the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Symptoms include fever, rash, bleeding, and plasma leakage in severe cases. Diagnosis involves antigen and antibody testing. Management depends on severity and involves fluid replacement and monitoring for warning signs that indicate the need for hospital admission. The document outlines criteria for admission, treatment approaches, signs of recovery, and discharge criteria.
Portal hypertension
This document discusses portal hypertension, its causes, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. The most common cause is cirrhosis. Portal hypertension develops from increased vascular resistance and blood flow in the portal vein. Signs include weakness, weight loss, jaundice, edema, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and endoscopy. Management focuses on treating the underlying cause, preventing variceal bleeding, and treating complications.
Srmc abdomen
This document describes the case of a 40-year-old male patient who presented with jaundice, high colored urine, weight loss, abdominal pain, and fever. His symptoms suggest decompensated cirrhosis likely due to chronic alcohol intake. On examination, he showed signs of liver cell failure including clubbing and alopecia but no features of hepatic encephalopathy or coagulopathy. The etiology is likely alcoholism given his history of heavy drinking, though other causes like viral hepatitis must be ruled out. Mechanisms for ascites in portal hypertension include the underfill, overflow, lymph imbalance, and vasodilation theories.
ITP.pptx
This document discusses immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a condition characterized by low platelet count due to autoantibodies against platelets. It notes that a platelet count below 150,000/μL is considered thrombocytopenia. ITP can be primary or secondary to other conditions. The main types are acute (lasting less than 6 months) and chronic (lasting over 6 months). Signs and symptoms include purpura, petechiae, epistaxis, hematuria, and other bleeding. Diagnostic tests include coagulation tests, bleeding time, and detecting platelet-associated antibodies. Bone marrow examination may show megakaryocytic hyperplasia.
Deep vein thrombosis and Pulmonary embolism 2014
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are discussed. Thrombus emboli are identified as the major type of pulmonary emboli. Clinical findings of deep vein thrombosis include unilateral edema and Homans' sign. Treatment involves anticoagulation with heparin, low molecular weight heparin or vitamin K antagonists. Complications can include post-thrombotic syndrome and pulmonary embolism.
PRE OP pre operative assessment before surgery
pre operative assessment and preparation for anesthesia
Upper GI Bleeding.pptx
This document provides information on upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), including its definition, epidemiology, causes, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and management. Some key points:
- UGIB is 5 times more common than lower GI bleeding and is most often caused by peptic ulcers (duodenal more than gastric).
- Clinical presentation depends on the rate of bleeding, ranging from chronic anemia to hypovolemic shock.
- Initial management involves resuscitation, blood transfusion, and early endoscopy for diagnosis and treatment.
- Endoscopy allows for diagnosis in 80% of cases and treatment of high-risk stigmata like active bleeding or non-bleeding visible
A Case of DVT for Discussion
A 45-year-old woman presented with left leg swelling for 30 days, right abdominal pain for 20 days, and breathlessness for 4 days. Examination found signs of deep vein thrombosis in the left leg, pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and ascites. Tests showed positive lupus anticoagulant and ANA antibodies, consistent with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus. She was diagnosed with DVT of the left lower limb due to a hypercoagulable state from her autoimmune condition. Treatment included anticoagulation and management of her serositis.
Upper GIT Bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Approach to patient with upper GIT bleeding
Fluid in abdomen
The document discusses the approach to diagnosing and managing fluid in the abdomen (ascites). It defines ascites as pathological fluid buildup in the peritoneal cavity. Causes can be with or without peritoneal disease and include hepatic, cardiac, renal, abdominal, infectious and autoimmune conditions. Diagnostic paracentesis is important for determining cause. Management involves bed rest, sodium restriction, diuretics and cause-specific therapies. Refractory ascites may require large volume paracentesis or procedures like peritoneovenous shunting or TIPS.
Management of Venous Thromboembolism
The latest guidelines for the management of venous thromboembolism. Includes introduction and management both.
Management of dengue fever in adults-compressed.pdf
This document provides guidance on fluid management for adults with dengue infection. It outlines the pathophysiology of dengue fever and the different phases of illness. Careful patient assessment and monitoring is important to determine the phase of illness and detect warning signs of severe disease. For patients with warning signs and increasing hematocrit, a graded fluid bolus regimen starting at 5 ml/kg/hr is recommended. Fluid responsiveness should be guided by clinical parameters like stable vitals and decreasing hematocrit. Those who progress to shock require different fluid resuscitation algorithms. Strict monitoring of fluid balance and organ function is also emphasized.
Haemorrhage
This topic is purely based on the Bailey & Love. This gives the basic pathophysiology / types / degrees & management.
Diagnostic value of pleural effusion
This document discusses pleural effusions, including their mechanism, normal composition, differentiation between transudative and exudative effusions, and causes. It provides details on parapneumonic effusions and empyema, including classification and treatment approaches. Specific conditions discussed in detail include tuberculous pleural effusions, effusions in HIV patients, chylothorax, pseudochylothorax, and malignant pleural effusions. Useful pleural fluid tests are also summarized.
Similar to Haemarrhoids (20)
Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome
Management of dengue fever in adults-compressed.pdf
Management of dengue fever in adults-compressed.pdf
Haemarrhoids
- 1. 1-What is your diagnosis? Prolapsed haemorrhoids 2-How do you classify the disease according to the severity ? Four degrees of haemorrhoids First degree – bleed only, no prolapse Second degree – prolapse but reduce spontaneously Third degree – prolapse and have to be manually reduced Fourth degree – permanently prolapsed 3-What are the theories of formation of above disease? Portal hypertension and varicose veins Other vascular causes Infection Diet and stool consistency Anal hypertonia Ageing Current view Shearing forces acting on the anus (for a variety of reasons) leadto caudal displacement of the anal cushions and mucosal trauma PICTURE OF HIS PERINEUM IS GIVEN
- 2. 4-What are the presentation of above disease? Bleeding PR (Fresh bleeding) Mucoid discharge Perianal discomfort Pain Lump at anus Prolapsed thrombosed haemorrhoids Prolapsed infected haemorrhoids Portal pyemia 5-Whart is the most important condition that need to be excluded in above patient,And how do you do it? CA Rectum,Need flexible /rigid Sigmoidoscopy PICTURE OF HIS PERINEUM IS GIVEN
- 3. 6-What are the treatment options available Symptomatic treatment with dilatory advice ,laxatives /Faecal softeners Injection Sclerotherapy with 5%phenol in olive oil Banding Haemorrhoidectomy (Open /Close technique) 7-What are the common complications of Surgical management? Pain Reactional bleeding Urinary retention Infection Portal pyemia Faecal incontinence Anal stenosis Anal fissures Anal abcess PICTURE OF HIS PERINEUM IS GIVEN