The Estonian Cyber Defense League was formed in 2007 in response to cyberattacks on Estonian government, financial, and media networks by unknown Russian hackers. The League gathers computer experts who would work under military command in times of cyberwar to defend Estonia's networks. With over 1,000 members, it is one of the first official government-sanctioned cyber militias.
Us gov't building hacker army for cyber war yahoo! newsMarioEliseo3
The US National Security Agency is hoping to recruit "cyber warriors" to help fight international cyber warfare. Representatives from NSA and other government security agencies will attend the annual DEF CON hacker conference to find potential recruits. DEF CON is a major meet-up for US hackers, attracting about 10,000 attendees annually. The NSA hopes to find skilled individuals willing to help the US conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations against the growing threats of hacker groups, foreign government-sponsored hackers, and more.
The document summarizes recent revelations from Israel and the US about cooperation in cyber warfare against Iran's nuclear program. It notes that for the first time, the IDF admitted using offensive cyber capabilities and the US revealed details of joint operations with Israel, including developing Stuxnet. It questions whether these disclosures were coordinated to increase pressure on Iran and convince Israel not to conduct military strikes, or if different government agencies are trying to claim credit. It raises the possibility that acceptance of cyber warfare as an extension of diplomacy may increase in the future.
China has developed extensive cyber warfare capabilities since the mid-1990s. They have intelligence and military organizations dedicated to cyber warfare and conduct frequent exercises. These capabilities include penetrating other networks and planting viruses. However, China's own networks remain vulnerable. As a result, China has adopted a pre-emptive cyber strategy of unleashing its capabilities at the start of potential conflicts to disrupt enemy systems, though these are still relatively unsophisticated. It is difficult to attribute many Chinese cyber activities to official agencies due to use of private actors.
This document discusses how Sun Tzu's classic work The Art of War can provide a framework for understanding cyber warfare, though it is not a perfect fit. It summarizes key concepts from The Art of War related to strategic thinking, cultivating success on defense, and gaining foreknowledge of adversaries. While cyber warfare is an unconventional threat, nations should still make strategic preparations and investments in network security to prevent being caught off guard by attacks.
This document discusses the relationship between governments and hackers in Russia and China. It notes that both countries employ hackers and that China, Russia, the US, and Turkey are responsible for over 60% of attacks on the World Wide Web, with China responsible for 41% of attacks. The document examines how the Russian and Chinese governments cultivate hackers and use them for their own ends, noting differences and similarities between the two countries. It provides background on the Russian and Chinese economies and cultures to help explain the development of hacking communities in each country.
Cyber war, cyber terrorism, and cyber espionage were discussed. The document began by noting some disclaimers from the author about their expertise and intentions. It then discussed how cyber war is often misunderstood and does not refer to things like cybercrime or hacking. The document went on to discuss how cyber attacks could potentially lead to accidental nuclear war by degrading decision making systems. It also provided a real example of how access was gained to a strategic nuclear system, highlighting the risks of cyber threats in this domain.
Computer Security,Types of Hackers,Installation of Kali Linux, Common Keywordskhansalman19
Computer security involves protecting computer systems and data from theft or damage. It includes protecting data, networks, and computing power through controls that provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and components like data, software, hardware, and firmware. Common threats include vulnerabilities, exploits, and privilege escalation that hackers can use to breach security. Installation of operating systems like Kali Linux in virtual machines requires selecting the ISO file, initiating the VMware installation wizard, and choosing typical options to complete setup.
Cyberwarfare involves politically motivated attacks on computer systems and networks. Many countries are engaging in cyber attacks and developing cyber weapons. A major cyber attack could significantly impact a country's economy and critical infrastructure by disrupting financial systems, communications, and other daily activities that rely on internet connectivity. Protecting against cyber threats will require increased security measures and international cooperation.
Us gov't building hacker army for cyber war yahoo! newsMarioEliseo3
The US National Security Agency is hoping to recruit "cyber warriors" to help fight international cyber warfare. Representatives from NSA and other government security agencies will attend the annual DEF CON hacker conference to find potential recruits. DEF CON is a major meet-up for US hackers, attracting about 10,000 attendees annually. The NSA hopes to find skilled individuals willing to help the US conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations against the growing threats of hacker groups, foreign government-sponsored hackers, and more.
The document summarizes recent revelations from Israel and the US about cooperation in cyber warfare against Iran's nuclear program. It notes that for the first time, the IDF admitted using offensive cyber capabilities and the US revealed details of joint operations with Israel, including developing Stuxnet. It questions whether these disclosures were coordinated to increase pressure on Iran and convince Israel not to conduct military strikes, or if different government agencies are trying to claim credit. It raises the possibility that acceptance of cyber warfare as an extension of diplomacy may increase in the future.
China has developed extensive cyber warfare capabilities since the mid-1990s. They have intelligence and military organizations dedicated to cyber warfare and conduct frequent exercises. These capabilities include penetrating other networks and planting viruses. However, China's own networks remain vulnerable. As a result, China has adopted a pre-emptive cyber strategy of unleashing its capabilities at the start of potential conflicts to disrupt enemy systems, though these are still relatively unsophisticated. It is difficult to attribute many Chinese cyber activities to official agencies due to use of private actors.
This document discusses how Sun Tzu's classic work The Art of War can provide a framework for understanding cyber warfare, though it is not a perfect fit. It summarizes key concepts from The Art of War related to strategic thinking, cultivating success on defense, and gaining foreknowledge of adversaries. While cyber warfare is an unconventional threat, nations should still make strategic preparations and investments in network security to prevent being caught off guard by attacks.
This document discusses the relationship between governments and hackers in Russia and China. It notes that both countries employ hackers and that China, Russia, the US, and Turkey are responsible for over 60% of attacks on the World Wide Web, with China responsible for 41% of attacks. The document examines how the Russian and Chinese governments cultivate hackers and use them for their own ends, noting differences and similarities between the two countries. It provides background on the Russian and Chinese economies and cultures to help explain the development of hacking communities in each country.
Cyber war, cyber terrorism, and cyber espionage were discussed. The document began by noting some disclaimers from the author about their expertise and intentions. It then discussed how cyber war is often misunderstood and does not refer to things like cybercrime or hacking. The document went on to discuss how cyber attacks could potentially lead to accidental nuclear war by degrading decision making systems. It also provided a real example of how access was gained to a strategic nuclear system, highlighting the risks of cyber threats in this domain.
Computer Security,Types of Hackers,Installation of Kali Linux, Common Keywordskhansalman19
Computer security involves protecting computer systems and data from theft or damage. It includes protecting data, networks, and computing power through controls that provide confidentiality, integrity, and availability of systems and components like data, software, hardware, and firmware. Common threats include vulnerabilities, exploits, and privilege escalation that hackers can use to breach security. Installation of operating systems like Kali Linux in virtual machines requires selecting the ISO file, initiating the VMware installation wizard, and choosing typical options to complete setup.
Cyberwarfare involves politically motivated attacks on computer systems and networks. Many countries are engaging in cyber attacks and developing cyber weapons. A major cyber attack could significantly impact a country's economy and critical infrastructure by disrupting financial systems, communications, and other daily activities that rely on internet connectivity. Protecting against cyber threats will require increased security measures and international cooperation.
Are we near the point of cyber-armageddon or are we simply engaged in a new reality of information security priorities? Are the attacks being discovered daily against private sector and public federal systems somehow unique and new, or are they simply the new reality of cyberspace? Organizations are regularly forced to make difficult decisions about how best to protect their information systems. Executives daily open the newspaper to find another example of effective cyber attacks and hacking. How do organizations know when security mechanisms are enough to keep their data safe? In an effort to answer this question and respond to mounting cyber incidents worldwide, the US federal government has been engaging in numerous efforts to secure cyberspace. But what are they and will they be enough? In this presentation James Tarala, a Senior Instructor with the SANS Institute and a Principal Consultant at Enclave Security, will describe current efforts and the tools being offered to help citizens and protect cyberspace.
China's hacker army foreign policy (1)MarioEliseo3
The myth of a monolithic Chinese cyberwar is being dismantled. Instead, China has a chaotic world of patriotic hackers with varying degrees of ties to the government. These hackers spring up organically due to widespread nationalism and a highly wired population. While some attacks overlap with government interests, many activities suggest no government interference. A loose connection between intelligence operatives and hackers is more troubling than a strong one, as rogue actors are potentially very dangerous.
Proactive Counterespionage as a Part of Business Continuity and ResiliencyDr. Lydia Kostopoulos
RSA Quick Look Webcast: http://www.rsaconference.com/media/quick-look-proactive-counterespionage-as-a-part-of-business-continuity-and-resiliency
This white paper corresponds to the RSA Presentation entitled: "Proactive Counterespionage as a Part of Business Continuity and Resiliency"
Presentation Abstract: The session will discuss means in which information assets and business continuity is protected and propose an additional layer of defense with a human counterespionage focus. The proposed proactive counterespionage plan includes operational security audits, reverse open source intelligence and classification of employees who are prime targets for disruptive espionage. - See more at: http://www.rsaconference.com/events/ad15/agenda/sessions/2219/proactive-counterespionage-as-a-part-of-business#sthash.DTYlHe6a.dpuf
International Strategy for Cyberspace_ Kinetic Solutions to Virtual ChallengesChikere Uchegbu
- President Obama outlined a new U.S. strategy for cyberspace in 2011 that asserts the right to retaliate against cyber attacks using conventional military means.
- The strategy aims to deter cyber attacks, particularly from China which is viewed as the most prolific perpetrator of cyber espionage against the U.S.
- The document analyzes whether the new strategy could lead to a conventional war between the U.S. and China by examining their economic interdependence and applying international relations theories to assess the likelihood of conflict.
Cyber warfare involves organized computer attacks between nation states. A history of cyber warfare includes early hacker forums in 1979 and attacks between NATO and Serbian/Russian hackers in the 1990s. By the 2000s, cyber attacks were targeting US government systems for years and originating from China. The new US Cyber Command was created in 2009 to defend military networks from cyber threats. Cyber attacks now probe Pentagon networks 250,000 times per hour. The Stuxnet virus in 2010 marked the beginning of cyber warfare directly targeting critical national infrastructure and implied nation state involvement, with future wars expected to have a dual cyber and physical component.
A lot has happened since the last Cyberwar presentation was posted. This Update2010 includes Iranian cyberwar, South Korea and US Gov attacks, Twitter outage, and the China Google attacks
Crossing the Line: The Law of War and Cyber Engagement - A SymposiumJonathan Meyer
The panel discussed challenges around applying international law regarding use of force and armed conflict to cyber operations. Key questions included whether advances in technology nullify traditional rules of engagement in cyberspace, and if so how the rules apply in this new domain. Panelists also addressed when cyber operations constitute an armed attack, and when those conducting cyber operations would be considered combatants under international law. They discussed whether cyber operations fall under domestic or international law and which legal regimes, such as criminal, espionage, or law of armed conflict, should apply. Finally, the panel examined how international law addresses non-state actors conducting cyber operations.
This document proposes additional funding for counterterrorism intelligence and cooperation between the FBI, CBP, and ICE. It recommends a "triangular information network" where the agencies share intelligence to identify potential threats at borders and within the US in a proactive manner. Currently, counterterrorism efforts are too reactive; improved information sharing and watchlists could help intercept individuals earlier. The proposal analyzes historical terrorism cases like the Boston Marathon bombing to argue for more proactive domestic counterterrorism strategies.
This document discusses how terrorist organizations use the internet and social media. It outlines that the internet provides an ideal platform for terrorism due to easy and anonymous communication, low costs, and ability to spread information quickly to vast audiences. It describes how terrorists utilize various online facilities like email, social media, video sharing sites for purposes like propaganda, recruitment, fundraising, and sharing tactical information. The document warns that the internet enables new threats like online radicalization and internet-based training for terrorists.
PRISM is a secret NSA program that collects intelligence from major tech companies like Google and Facebook. It allows analysts access to emails, chats, photos, and other data from foreigners using these services. While the NSA claims PRISM only targets non-US persons abroad, it may also incidentally collect some data on Americans due to large amounts of foreign data being routed through US servers. The program is conducted under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act but was leaked to the public by Edward Snowden.
1. Hacking techniques will become more sophisticated as hackers combine different technologies like mobile, bio, and advanced malware.
2. Both black hat and white hat communities will continue innovating new hacking methods to either carry out attacks or strengthen security defenses.
3. Issues around stopping hacking will remain challenging as the internet allows rapid global transmission of viruses and malware that are difficult to contain or attribute.
1) The WikiLeaks document dump reflected positively on US diplomacy and policy, showing efforts to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and negotiations with Saudi Arabia over oil.
2) While some documents were embarrassing, they did not reveal sensitive information like assassination attempts or illegal torture that could have been in past leaks.
3) The impact on US foreign policy is considered "fairly modest" according to the Defense Secretary, and unlike the Pentagon Papers, the WikiLeaks documents did not involve deliberate government lies that led to loss of life.
The document discusses 5 of the most notorious hackers of all time:
1. Kevin Mitnick, known as "The Condor", hacked into companies like Nokia, IBM, and Motorola in the 1990s and stole millions of dollars worth of data before being arrested in 1995.
2. The British hacking duo of Mathew Bevan and Richard Price hacked the Pentagon network and stole sensitive military information from the US and South Korea in the 1990s.
3. Scottish hacker Gary McKinnon hacked into 97 US military and NASA networks between 2001-2002, deleting files and software and costing the US $700,000 to recover.
4. Jonathan James was the first juvenile convicted of hacking in the US
This document provides information about hacking. It defines hacking as the unauthorized access to computer systems or networks, which is illegal. It describes different types of hackers, including white hat hackers who perform security testing, black hat hackers who commit crimes, and grey hat hackers who are in between. The document discusses the history of hacking and some famous hackers. It also outlines different types of hacking like website, network, and password hacking. In addition, it provides reasons why hackers hack and tips for what to do if a system is hacked. Overall, the document gives a broad overview of the definition, types, and aspects of hacking.
Unprotected Data: Your Risk of Internet-Enabled Psychological and Information...Maurice Dawson
Since the last elections in the United States, France, and other nations, fake news has become a tool to manipulate voters. This creation of fake news creates a problem that ripples through an entire society creating division. However, the media has not scrutinized enough on data misuse. Daily it appears that there are breaches causing millions of users to have their personal information taken, exposed, and sold on the Dark Web in exchange of encrypted currencies. Recently, news has surfaced of major social media sites allowing emails to be read without user consent.
The document provides an overview of the documentary "Future Radicals" which tracks the history and growth of the hacktivist group Anonymous from its beginnings on 4chan to its evolution into a more organized group conducting cyber protests in support of issues like Wikileaks and the Arab Spring. It discusses how Anonymous employs the same digital technologies it aims to protect to conduct distributed denial-of-service attacks and website defacements. The documentary includes insider accounts of Anonymous operations and interviews with cybersecurity experts and Anonymous members on the group's activities and increasing surveillance from law enforcement agencies around the world.
The document provides a history of hacking from the 1960s to 1995. It describes how the term "hacker" originally referred to someone with computer mastery but later became associated with unauthorized computer access. Key events include early hacker arrests, the creation of magazines to share hacking techniques, and high-profile hacks of systems like AT&T that led to prosecutions under new computer crime laws.
This presentation will give you an overview of how Digital Forensics helped to catch Dennis Lynn Rader, an American serial killer known as BTK (an abbreviation he gave himself, for "bind, torture, kill"), the BTK Strangler or the BTK Killer.
China poses the biggest long-term threat to U.S. cybersecurity through frequent cyberattacks. While attacks have decreased in recent years due to an agreement between the U.S. and China, the threat is expected to increase again over the long term as China has no incentive to fully stop attacks. The U.S. private sector and critical infrastructure are most vulnerable. A major international dispute could prompt a large-scale Chinese cyberattack against the U.S. as retaliation.
This document discusses the Army Cyber Center's use of distance education and microlectures. It notes that distance education provides increased access, opportunities for professional military education skill updates, cost effectiveness, support for new subjects and targeted training. Microlectures are proposed as a format that is compatible with the Army Learning Model and allows content to be presented consistently. The document concludes by recommending that some training be converted to the microlecture format.
El documento resume varias noticias de México. Presenta que el presidente electo Enrique Peña Nieto dará a conocer a su equipo de transición y que la transición mexicana es una de las más largas y costosas del mundo. También habla sobre la continua violencia en México y la propuesta de reforma laboral del presidente Felipe Calderón.
Are we near the point of cyber-armageddon or are we simply engaged in a new reality of information security priorities? Are the attacks being discovered daily against private sector and public federal systems somehow unique and new, or are they simply the new reality of cyberspace? Organizations are regularly forced to make difficult decisions about how best to protect their information systems. Executives daily open the newspaper to find another example of effective cyber attacks and hacking. How do organizations know when security mechanisms are enough to keep their data safe? In an effort to answer this question and respond to mounting cyber incidents worldwide, the US federal government has been engaging in numerous efforts to secure cyberspace. But what are they and will they be enough? In this presentation James Tarala, a Senior Instructor with the SANS Institute and a Principal Consultant at Enclave Security, will describe current efforts and the tools being offered to help citizens and protect cyberspace.
China's hacker army foreign policy (1)MarioEliseo3
The myth of a monolithic Chinese cyberwar is being dismantled. Instead, China has a chaotic world of patriotic hackers with varying degrees of ties to the government. These hackers spring up organically due to widespread nationalism and a highly wired population. While some attacks overlap with government interests, many activities suggest no government interference. A loose connection between intelligence operatives and hackers is more troubling than a strong one, as rogue actors are potentially very dangerous.
Proactive Counterespionage as a Part of Business Continuity and ResiliencyDr. Lydia Kostopoulos
RSA Quick Look Webcast: http://www.rsaconference.com/media/quick-look-proactive-counterespionage-as-a-part-of-business-continuity-and-resiliency
This white paper corresponds to the RSA Presentation entitled: "Proactive Counterespionage as a Part of Business Continuity and Resiliency"
Presentation Abstract: The session will discuss means in which information assets and business continuity is protected and propose an additional layer of defense with a human counterespionage focus. The proposed proactive counterespionage plan includes operational security audits, reverse open source intelligence and classification of employees who are prime targets for disruptive espionage. - See more at: http://www.rsaconference.com/events/ad15/agenda/sessions/2219/proactive-counterespionage-as-a-part-of-business#sthash.DTYlHe6a.dpuf
International Strategy for Cyberspace_ Kinetic Solutions to Virtual ChallengesChikere Uchegbu
- President Obama outlined a new U.S. strategy for cyberspace in 2011 that asserts the right to retaliate against cyber attacks using conventional military means.
- The strategy aims to deter cyber attacks, particularly from China which is viewed as the most prolific perpetrator of cyber espionage against the U.S.
- The document analyzes whether the new strategy could lead to a conventional war between the U.S. and China by examining their economic interdependence and applying international relations theories to assess the likelihood of conflict.
Cyber warfare involves organized computer attacks between nation states. A history of cyber warfare includes early hacker forums in 1979 and attacks between NATO and Serbian/Russian hackers in the 1990s. By the 2000s, cyber attacks were targeting US government systems for years and originating from China. The new US Cyber Command was created in 2009 to defend military networks from cyber threats. Cyber attacks now probe Pentagon networks 250,000 times per hour. The Stuxnet virus in 2010 marked the beginning of cyber warfare directly targeting critical national infrastructure and implied nation state involvement, with future wars expected to have a dual cyber and physical component.
A lot has happened since the last Cyberwar presentation was posted. This Update2010 includes Iranian cyberwar, South Korea and US Gov attacks, Twitter outage, and the China Google attacks
Crossing the Line: The Law of War and Cyber Engagement - A SymposiumJonathan Meyer
The panel discussed challenges around applying international law regarding use of force and armed conflict to cyber operations. Key questions included whether advances in technology nullify traditional rules of engagement in cyberspace, and if so how the rules apply in this new domain. Panelists also addressed when cyber operations constitute an armed attack, and when those conducting cyber operations would be considered combatants under international law. They discussed whether cyber operations fall under domestic or international law and which legal regimes, such as criminal, espionage, or law of armed conflict, should apply. Finally, the panel examined how international law addresses non-state actors conducting cyber operations.
This document proposes additional funding for counterterrorism intelligence and cooperation between the FBI, CBP, and ICE. It recommends a "triangular information network" where the agencies share intelligence to identify potential threats at borders and within the US in a proactive manner. Currently, counterterrorism efforts are too reactive; improved information sharing and watchlists could help intercept individuals earlier. The proposal analyzes historical terrorism cases like the Boston Marathon bombing to argue for more proactive domestic counterterrorism strategies.
This document discusses how terrorist organizations use the internet and social media. It outlines that the internet provides an ideal platform for terrorism due to easy and anonymous communication, low costs, and ability to spread information quickly to vast audiences. It describes how terrorists utilize various online facilities like email, social media, video sharing sites for purposes like propaganda, recruitment, fundraising, and sharing tactical information. The document warns that the internet enables new threats like online radicalization and internet-based training for terrorists.
PRISM is a secret NSA program that collects intelligence from major tech companies like Google and Facebook. It allows analysts access to emails, chats, photos, and other data from foreigners using these services. While the NSA claims PRISM only targets non-US persons abroad, it may also incidentally collect some data on Americans due to large amounts of foreign data being routed through US servers. The program is conducted under Section 702 of the FISA Amendments Act but was leaked to the public by Edward Snowden.
1. Hacking techniques will become more sophisticated as hackers combine different technologies like mobile, bio, and advanced malware.
2. Both black hat and white hat communities will continue innovating new hacking methods to either carry out attacks or strengthen security defenses.
3. Issues around stopping hacking will remain challenging as the internet allows rapid global transmission of viruses and malware that are difficult to contain or attribute.
1) The WikiLeaks document dump reflected positively on US diplomacy and policy, showing efforts to prevent Iran from obtaining nuclear weapons and negotiations with Saudi Arabia over oil.
2) While some documents were embarrassing, they did not reveal sensitive information like assassination attempts or illegal torture that could have been in past leaks.
3) The impact on US foreign policy is considered "fairly modest" according to the Defense Secretary, and unlike the Pentagon Papers, the WikiLeaks documents did not involve deliberate government lies that led to loss of life.
The document discusses 5 of the most notorious hackers of all time:
1. Kevin Mitnick, known as "The Condor", hacked into companies like Nokia, IBM, and Motorola in the 1990s and stole millions of dollars worth of data before being arrested in 1995.
2. The British hacking duo of Mathew Bevan and Richard Price hacked the Pentagon network and stole sensitive military information from the US and South Korea in the 1990s.
3. Scottish hacker Gary McKinnon hacked into 97 US military and NASA networks between 2001-2002, deleting files and software and costing the US $700,000 to recover.
4. Jonathan James was the first juvenile convicted of hacking in the US
This document provides information about hacking. It defines hacking as the unauthorized access to computer systems or networks, which is illegal. It describes different types of hackers, including white hat hackers who perform security testing, black hat hackers who commit crimes, and grey hat hackers who are in between. The document discusses the history of hacking and some famous hackers. It also outlines different types of hacking like website, network, and password hacking. In addition, it provides reasons why hackers hack and tips for what to do if a system is hacked. Overall, the document gives a broad overview of the definition, types, and aspects of hacking.
Unprotected Data: Your Risk of Internet-Enabled Psychological and Information...Maurice Dawson
Since the last elections in the United States, France, and other nations, fake news has become a tool to manipulate voters. This creation of fake news creates a problem that ripples through an entire society creating division. However, the media has not scrutinized enough on data misuse. Daily it appears that there are breaches causing millions of users to have their personal information taken, exposed, and sold on the Dark Web in exchange of encrypted currencies. Recently, news has surfaced of major social media sites allowing emails to be read without user consent.
The document provides an overview of the documentary "Future Radicals" which tracks the history and growth of the hacktivist group Anonymous from its beginnings on 4chan to its evolution into a more organized group conducting cyber protests in support of issues like Wikileaks and the Arab Spring. It discusses how Anonymous employs the same digital technologies it aims to protect to conduct distributed denial-of-service attacks and website defacements. The documentary includes insider accounts of Anonymous operations and interviews with cybersecurity experts and Anonymous members on the group's activities and increasing surveillance from law enforcement agencies around the world.
The document provides a history of hacking from the 1960s to 1995. It describes how the term "hacker" originally referred to someone with computer mastery but later became associated with unauthorized computer access. Key events include early hacker arrests, the creation of magazines to share hacking techniques, and high-profile hacks of systems like AT&T that led to prosecutions under new computer crime laws.
This presentation will give you an overview of how Digital Forensics helped to catch Dennis Lynn Rader, an American serial killer known as BTK (an abbreviation he gave himself, for "bind, torture, kill"), the BTK Strangler or the BTK Killer.
China poses the biggest long-term threat to U.S. cybersecurity through frequent cyberattacks. While attacks have decreased in recent years due to an agreement between the U.S. and China, the threat is expected to increase again over the long term as China has no incentive to fully stop attacks. The U.S. private sector and critical infrastructure are most vulnerable. A major international dispute could prompt a large-scale Chinese cyberattack against the U.S. as retaliation.
This document discusses the Army Cyber Center's use of distance education and microlectures. It notes that distance education provides increased access, opportunities for professional military education skill updates, cost effectiveness, support for new subjects and targeted training. Microlectures are proposed as a format that is compatible with the Army Learning Model and allows content to be presented consistently. The document concludes by recommending that some training be converted to the microlecture format.
El documento resume varias noticias de México. Presenta que el presidente electo Enrique Peña Nieto dará a conocer a su equipo de transición y que la transición mexicana es una de las más largas y costosas del mundo. También habla sobre la continua violencia en México y la propuesta de reforma laboral del presidente Felipe Calderón.
The document discusses cyber threats facing the US industrial base from sources like rogue states and insider threats. It notes that critical infrastructure remains vulnerable despite administration progress on cybersecurity. Securing cyberspace and protecting industry requires a strategy combining agile national security policies with market incentives to develop technological protections. Any strategy also needs flexible legislation balancing security, privacy, and international agreements establishing cyber norms. With aware citizens, responsible agencies, a skilled workforce, and public-private cooperation, the US can safeguard its industrial base within cyberspace.
This document discusses the cyber threats facing the US national security supply chain. It notes that cyber threats present an unprecedented asymmetric threat. The global supply chain has become highly dependent on information technology and cyber networks, making it vulnerable to cyber attacks. Several sections discuss assessing the threat and securing the supply chain against cyber risks. It recommends a partnership between government and private industry to address these challenges through policy, technology, education and international cooperation.
Us gov't building hacker army for cyber war yahoo! newsMarioEliseo3
The US National Security Agency is hoping to recruit "cyber warriors" to help fight international cyber warfare. Representatives from NSA and other government security agencies will attend the annual DEF CON hacker conference to find potential recruits. DEF CON is a major meet-up for US hackers, attracting about 10,000 attendees annually. The NSA hopes to find skilled individuals willing to help the US conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations against the growing threats of hacker groups, foreign government-sponsored hackers, and more.
I will outline the process and steps to create your own layered network architecture and build your own range that can be used for practicing your defensive techniques, offensive skills or even to build your own Capture The Flag (CTF) environment. The process you will learn has been used to create CTFs for DEFCON, Hacker Halted and Showmecon; furthermore, the presentation is an introduction to the process in the instructors book Building Virtual Pentesting Labs for Advanced Penetration Testing
The cyber threat to our Army and Nation is pervasive and most often target, human behavior through social engineering. The best mitigation measure for this risk is to increase cyber awareness by educating our Soldiers, Family Members, Government Civilians, and Contractors. HQDA has directed Army Antiterrorism Quarterly Theme Cyber Threat Awareness (2Q/FY13). For more information on Cyber Security, visit http://www.staysafeonline.org/stay-safe-online/
Cybersecurity: Arm and Train US Warriors to Win Cyber WarIxia
Quickly & easily recreate Internet scale cyber war, interpret the results, and rapidly act upon cyber threats to:
-Train cyber warriors to defend against threats or neutralize the enemy.
-Harden targets – networks, data centers, individual devices.
How to Test High-Performance Next-Generation FirewallsIxia
Testing next-generation firewalls necessitates simulating realistic network conditions to help you validate your enterprise firewall performance, attack detection and blocking while increasing stability and reliability under extended attack.
This document discusses a potential future scenario in which a non-state adversary called "Black" develops new concepts and technologies to challenge the dominant U.S. military force ("BlueFor"). Black conceives of "five-dimensional (cyber) warfighting" that incorporates traditional land, sea, and air dimensions plus temporal and cyber dimensions. This approach would allow Black to redefine the battlefield and overcome BlueFor's advantages by exploiting emerging technologies like advanced non-lethal weapons, robotics, and networked systems operating beyond human senses in "cyberspace." The document argues this asymmetric strategy could enable Black to defeat BlueFor and establish a new post-modern civilization.
The document discusses 10 notorious hacking groups: Anonymous, Lizard Squad, The Level Seven Crew, Chaos Computer Club, LulzSec, Syrian Electronic Army, globalHell, Network Crack Program Hacker Group, TeaMp0isoN, and Tarh Andishan. It provides brief descriptions of each group's origins, notable hacks, and motivations which range from activism to support of political regimes. The conclusion notes that while some groups target terrorists, others render services helpless for personal gain, and cracking down on one group may spur growth of others due to spread of hacking skills and ideology.
The document provides an overview of several pro-ISIS hacking groups that have emerged since 2014, including the Cyber Caliphate, Islamic State Hacking Division, Islamic Cyber Army, and United Cyber Caliphate. It describes their origins, claimed attacks and targets. While the groups showed some coordination, their capabilities appear unsophisticated, typically targeting low-hanging fruit through methods like website defacements and data dumps of publicly available information. The leadership and membership of the groups was also fluid over time.
Presentation on cyber warfare, recent examples, current capabilities of the major players, and issues relating to the advancement of cyber warfare and cyber security in the United States. The Cyber War Forum Initiative is promoted for its role in solving many elements of the issues facing the US.
Check Point Research outlines a new hacktivism model currently being observed across the world. Five traits define the current form of hacktivism according to researchers the following: ideology of politics and leadership structure formal recruitment, sophisticated tools, and public relations. CPR provides the hacktivist group Killnet to illustrate the current model, describing the attacks it has carried out by country as well as an the timeline of attacks. CPR is concerned that hacktivism which originates from conflict-related regions could spread across the globe.
• Prior to that, hacktivists were mostly focused on a handful of individuals who carried smaller-scale DDoS as well as defacement and DDoS attacks
• Today, hacktivism is more structured, well-organized and sophisticated.
• CPR believes that the new form of hacktivism started in conflict areas of Europe's Middle East and Eastern Europe and spread to other areas by 2022.
Check Point Research (CPR) provides a new definition of hacktivism, which is currently trending globally. Hacktivism under this new style is more organised, well-organized and advanced, in comparison to previous. Hacktivist groups do not consist of just a few individuals who perform small DDoS or defacement attacks on websites with low levels of security. They are organized groups with distinct features previously unknown.
The Patriot Act Title Vii Section 814 And 816Nicole Fields
The document discusses cyber terrorism and its relation to the Patriot Act Title VII Sections 814 and 816. These sections aim to protect US citizens from cyber terrorism by defining it and outlining laws and regulations. Cyber terrorism involves using digital technology and networks to further political goals and cause harm. Victims of cyber crimes can experience issues like loss of information, damage to reputation, and mental stress. The document examines cyber terrorism and how terrorist groups are increasingly using the internet and digital means to plan and carry out attacks anonymously and at low cost. It discusses challenges around preventing cyber terrorism due to issues like limited protection of internet infrastructure and debates around privacy.
How (Not) to Spot a Terrorist Source Foreign Policy, May-Ju.docxadampcarr67227
How (Not) to Spot a Terrorist
Source: Foreign Policy, May-June 2008 (http://www.foreignpolicy.com)
Author: Malcolm Nance
Malcolm Nance is a veteran Middle East counterterrorism intelligence officer. He
is executive director of the International Anti-Terrorism Center for Excellence and
author of Terrorist Recognition Handbook: A Practitioner’s Manual for Predicting
and Identifying Terrorist Activities.
Abu Laith al-Libi must have been feeling comfortable as he relaxed and had tea
with his battle staff in a small hut inside Pakistan’s North Waziristan region. A
local commander of Al-Qaeda who had led terrorist operations for more than a
decade, he dressed simply, with baggy salwar-kameez clothes, a cotton turban,
and a Kalashnikov rifle not far from his side. When a Hellfire missile from a
Predator drone tore through the building, his last thought surely must have been,
“How did they spot me?”
Identifying terrorists on the battlefield is relatively simple. My scout-sniper school
instructor always reminded us of a solid truism that applies perfectly both in
Afghanistan and Iraq—shoot the one with the gun. The same cannot be said of
the world’s most dangerous terrorists—the ones operating covertly inside the
United States and Europe. They are an entirely different matter.
Hunting them down is more akin to finding Soviet spies during the Cold War. It
requires an educated, deeply institutionalized counterintelligence apparatus that
relies on experts to perform detailed groundwork intended to study, stalk, and
expose enemy operations.
Since the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, however, the United States has
taken the opposite approach. From securing airports and airliners with massive
influxes of technology, to centralizing border and port security under the
Department of Homeland Security, to the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, the
current U.S. strategy prioritizes gizmos, bureaucracy, and bombing runs over the
simple training of Arabic-speaking intelligence officers or targeting the forces that
bind extremists together. And, by focusing on hard power, it has destroyed many
chances to do it right.
Terrorist cells are already well ahead of our ability to detect them. They are being
schooled in combat skills in Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and
Yemen. They are mastering the art of infiltration, of mixing into communities very
different from their own. They are acquiring a wide range of internationalizing
skills, including excellent command of the English language and proficiency in
operating computers, mobile phones, and satellite Internet connections.
This level of intelligence and sophistication makes them unprecedented in the
history of terrorism. But, perhaps more importantly, they are “mission motivated”
1
to the core—they will gladly get close to their enemy and joyously die beside
them.
The U.S. intelligence community has, in recent years, built a temp.
A new wave of attack revealed an advanced threat actor originated in Iran. In this talk, Ohad Z and Ido N takes you back to the beginning of the Iranian cyber arm, the major events and tactics choen by this nation and the identities of its predetor APT actors.
The document discusses the history and current state of cyber warfare between several nations including Israel/Palestine, India/Pakistan, the US/Al Qaeda, Cuba/US, and China/US. It outlines the key hackers and groups involved on both sides of these conflicts, their main targets and strategies. It also examines how cyber warfare has influenced military operations and foreign policy, and considers its importance relative to traditional warfare.
This document discusses the concepts of cyberwar and netwar as outlined in a 1993 paper by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. It provides an updated definition of netwar as the intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels in order to facilitate changes that benefit the actor. The document examines netwar concepts from Russian and Chinese perspectives, including information-psychological operations, united front theory, and legal warfare. It concludes by suggesting cyber defense organizations may need to adapt to counter modern forms of netwar.
This document discusses the concepts of cyberwar and netwar as outlined in a 1993 paper by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt. It provides an updated definition of netwar as the intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels in order to facilitate changes that benefit the actor. The document examines netwar concepts from Russian and Chinese perspectives, including information-psychological operations, united front theory, and legal warfare. It concludes by suggesting cyber defense organizations may need to adapt to counter modern forms of netwar.
Cyber war netwar and the future of cyberdefense David Sweigert
This document provides an updated definition of "Netwar" based on the original concept introduced in 1993 by Arquilla and Ronfeldt.
1. The document summarizes the original definitions of "Cyberwar" and "Netwar", noting that Cyberwar targets information systems while Netwar targets societal perceptions.
2. It then proposes a new working definition of modern Netwar as intentional activities to influence human perception through overt or hidden channels, with the goal of facilitating changes in another actor's perceptions for one's own benefit.
3. Netwar does not necessarily involve physical force, illegal data modification, or law violations, but can utilize legal speech, economic actions, and information manipulation to influence perceptions
The 1B Data Leak, TrickBot Gang Shift and Cyber Espionage - F5 SIRT This Week...Lior Rotkovitch
This document provides a weekly summary of recent cybersecurity news from July 13th 2022. It discusses several major data breaches and cyber attacks that occurred, including a data leak of personal information on 1 billion Chinese citizens, ransomware attacks targeting the healthcare and NFT industries, and nation-state sponsored cyber espionage between China and Russia. The summary also provides technical details on newly discovered malware like Orbit targeting Linux devices and techniques used by the LockBit ransomware group.
The article "ISIS - The New Threat to World Peace?" by Meera Dolasia discusses the origins and funding of ISIS. ISIS was created in 2011 from offshoots of al Qaeda during the Syrian civil war, gaining strength by taking territory in Syria and Iraq. The article explains that ISIS funds their activities through oil sales, ransoms from kidnappings, and looting artifacts, generating around $3 million daily.
The document discusses various types and causes of global terrorism, including political and non-political terrorism, state terrorism, and terrorist groups operating in different countries like Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, India, and others. It also outlines counter-terrorism strategies used by governments, such as intelligence agencies, paramilitary forces, and international cooperation. Emerging threats discussed include cyber-terrorism, biological warfare, nuclear threats, corporate hijackings, and other forms of terrorism.
Pirates of Brazil: Integrating the Strengths of Russian and Chinese Hacking C...Felipe Prado
This document analyzes the Brazilian hacking community by exploring capabilities, culture, and organization based on forum posts and interactions. It finds that Brazilian hackers, nicknamed "pirates," are motivated by money and adapt techniques like moving between messaging platforms like Telegram and WhatsApp. Historically, hackers congregated on IRC networks in the 2000s before shifting to modern messengers. Key activities include website defacement, credit card theft, and bypassing banking security controls.
The document discusses various types and causes of terrorism around the world. It outlines terrorist groups and their objectives operating in several countries like Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, India, and how they threaten global security. It also discusses the roles of different government agencies in combating terrorism and improving intelligence sharing. The document predicts that threats may increase in the future from cyber terrorism, biological warfare, nuclear weapons, and corporate hijackings.
Countering Terrorism, Preventing Radicalization and Protecting Cultural Herit...Alireza Ghahrood
Abstract. The number of terrorist attacks that have brought about bloodshed and
left a mark on recent history have spotlighted once again the need to stem the attempts by terrorist organizations to conduct attacks within the EU, forestalling the
intentions of the martyrs-to-be. The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is undoubtedly the terrorist group that, more than others, has taken advantage of Internet,
not only as a tactical means of coordination, but also as a tool to carry out proselytism, recruitment, propaganda, and fundraising. As one could imagine, constantly
monitoring the Internet for these activities is an extremely complex and time-consuming activity, requiring a huge amount of money and manpower, and resulting in
very poor – and only temporary – outcomes. To stem this rapidly spreading phenomenon, it can be useful to focus the attention of decision-makers, intelligence and
law enforcement on a possible profile of a “cyber terrorist”.
This paper aims at tracing the identikit of a possible “cyber terrorist” that is as
broad and consistent as possible.
Keywords. Al-Qaeda, cyber terrorist, Internet, ISIS, Islamic State, profiling, propaganda, proselytism, recruiting, terrorist organizations
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Acolyte Episodes review (TV series) The Acolyte. Learn about the influence of the program on the Star Wars world, as well as new characters and story twists.
El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. Cyber Militias of the World
Iranian Cyber Army
Web Site: http://iraniancyberarmy.tumblr.com
Estimated Membership: 5000
Description: Ultra Nationalist hackers who support the current Iranian regime. They have conducted
dozens of high profile and very destructive cyber raids in the last few years.
Relationship Designation: Enemy
Notes: A Google search will reveal the details of the most recent high profile attacks by this group.
The PLF became aware of this group shortly after we joined with Anonymous in Operation Iran. I
sent them a personal appeal to leave off and join us instead, their reply was received a half hour
later in the form of massive attacks upon the web assets of the PLF and Anon Ops. It is beleived that
the IRC receives considerable assistance from the Revolutionary Gaurd Cyber Defense Command.
The Iranian Cyber Army is a potent and effective enemy and should be treated with a high level of
respect and caution. The IRC is known to make use of huge botnets to launch devestating DDoS
attacks.
2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indian Cyber Army
Web Site: http://www.CyberArmy.in
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: A moderate leaning hacker group from India. While not overtly nationalistic in nature
they do have a running hot cyber war going with the Pakistan Cyber Army over poloitical disputes
between these two nations. While this group is small, they are very competent hackers with
hundreds of successfully documented hacks to their credit.
Relationship Designation: Potential Ally
Notes: The IRC has performed hundreds of successful and high profile hacks. While they will fight
against any slight by the PCA, they are not exclusively nationalistic in nature. They have joined with
Anonymous on certain Ops, and are therefore not considered a possible adversary at this time. The
Indian Cyber Army is a small but potent and effective force to be reckoned with.
3. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pakistan Cyber Army
Web Site: http://www.pakcyberarmy.net
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: A distinctly politically motivated group whose focus is Pakistani nationalism and
freedom for the Kasmirians and the Palestinians. They are arch-enemies of the Indian Cyber Army
and spend most of their time in open conflict with this group. They should also be considred
distinctly anti-Israel.
Relationship Designation: Neutral
Notes: This group could pehaps be persuaded to help in some of the mideast conflicts. They are
extremely savvy and effective hackers with many hundreds of successfully documented hacks to
their credit. However the running feud between them and the Indian Cyber Army make any possible
relationship virtually impossible at this time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Honker Union of China
Web Site: http://www.ChinaHonker.com
4. Estimated Membership: 25,000
Description: Formed in 1999 in response to the United States bombing of the Chinese embassy in
Belgrade, Yugoslavia. HUC is a group known for hacktivism, mainly present in Mainland China.
Literally the name means "Red Guest", as compared to the usual Chinese transliteration of hacker
(黑客, hēikè, literally Black Guest as in black hat). The The Honker Union of China is a nationalistic
group bent on defending the Government of China from all enmeis both perceived and actual. They
are also the largest known Cyber Militia in the world.
Although there is no evidence of Chinese government oversights of the group, with the official
government stance against cyber crime of any kind, the Honker Union and other freelance Chinese
hackers have a complex relationship with the Chinese government. Greg Walton noted in his studies
that Chinese government has been able to use the Honker Union as a "proxy force" when Beijing's
political goals converge with the group's nationalist sentiment. He also noted instances of members
profited off the Chinese government for their skills and the Chinese government recruited members
into security and military forces. Finally, Greg Walton pointed out that there are some calls within
the group to be officially recognized and integrated into the Chinese government.
Relationship Designation: Potential Adversary
Notes: The HUC is the driving force of nationalistic hacking in China today. An amalgamation of
several earlier groups, they continue to grow and add members and absorb rival groups at an
astonishing rate. I personally rate this group as the single most powerful cyber warfare force on the
planet. This cyber militia is listed as a potential adversary because of the PLF's Dark Operations
Snow Lion and Red Dragon, both of which will pit us directly against the Chinese Government and
the PLA.
Members have launched a series of attacks on websites in the United States, mostly government-
related sites. They also routinely target pro-Tibetan Freedom groups and individual activists. The
name also suggests that a hacker in red, the color of the Communist party, is in combat with hackers
in the dark. The HUC recently joined together with the Red Hacker Alliance to become the single
largest hacker force on the planet.
5. Peoples Liberation Front
Web Site: http://www.PeoplesLiberationFront.tk
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: Formed in 1985. A highly organized militant group of hackers who use the original
American Militia form of organization. While members are free to come and go and sign up for any
Op they want, once signed on to an action there is a tight command and control structure based
around commissioned officers known as Commanders. Politically motivated, this dedicated group
primarily fights for freedom of information, speech - and expression. This group is transnational and
global, with members in over 50 countries. Founded in 1985 this one of the oldest Cyber Militias in
the world.
Relationship Designation: N/A
Notes: This small but incredibly potent group contains some of the best hackers in the western
world, and is most famous for small and surgical, yet incredibly effective actions around the world
on behalf of freedom and justice. The group is diversified into various units dedicated to
intelligence, penetration - DDoS attacks and more. This group has a particular expertise in counter
intelligence, cyber warfare - and mass media dissemination. The PLF played an important role in the
2011 world wide uprisings which have been termed the Transnational Global Cyber Insurgency; that
saw major operations in Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Ivory Coast - and Yemen just to name a
few. This group comes at it's enemies from every direction at once, and is known for eviscerating
entire government networks over night.
6. Albanian Cyber Army
Web Site: http://www.facebook.com/Albanian.CyberWar
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: What can you say, rabidly nationalistic, pro-Kosovo - and extremely anti-Serbian.
Relationship Designation: Neutral
Notes: This group is small and sort of shadowy. There is a known roster of leaders, and many
member followers. Their political motivations are crystal clear, they love Kosovo Independence and
hate Serbia, Greece and Macedonia with a passion. They have been responsible for a handful of
high profile hacks, and I think they bear watching as a possible future force. I see no possible attack
vector between our groups.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. Estonian Cyber Defense League
Web Site: http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,14968102,00.html
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: In 2007, when Estonia's government, financial and media computer networks were
attacked by unknown Russian hackers following the government's decision of relocating a Soviet
war memorial, it must have been hard to believe that something good would come from it at the
end.
With that attack, Estonia became the first country ever to actually be engaged in a cyberwar, but
that didn't make them despair. If anything, that incident was what spurred them to institute their
own Cyber Defense League - an organization that gathers computer scientists, programmers,
software engineers and cybersecurity specialists and would, in time of war, be under the direct
command of the military.
Relationship Designation: Neutral
Notes: Estonia, often referred to as "E-stonia," is one of the most connected nations of the planet -
it's a place where three quarters of the population use the Internet and nearly all of the 1.3 million
people pay their taxes online.
The tiny Baltic country was not only the first in the world to enable its citizens to vote online – and
as of earlier this year, it now it has its own wired troops too. The new Cyber Defense League was
created in response to massive cyberattacks that Estonia sustained four years ago this month. In
April 2007, dozens of Estonian financial, media and government websites were rendered unusable
for nearly two weeks.
This particular Cyber Militia is unique in that it is now commanded by approximately 100 full time
cyber soldiers in the Estonian military. Therefore there is no question of government invovement
8. with this group. My sense is this group will be primarily concerned with defensive measures and in
any case it's most natural enemies will probably come from Russia. However this group could
conceivably become a true and potent adversary if there is ever an "Op Estonia".
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Anonymous
Web Site: http://www.AnonServ.org
Estimated Membership: 10,000
Description: Anonymous is the second largest hacker group of this kind in the world, and they have
been responsible for some of the most historical cyber actions and battles ever. Anonymous is a
trans-national and global organization with members in over 100 countries around the world.
Relationship Designation: Allied Group
Notes: While I have listed Anonymous as a Cyber Militia, it is a concensus building co-op. The
leaders as much as they exist are primarily the people who run the network platforms upon which
Anonymous acts. That said, Anonymous does have many Cyber Militia's with a more martial
organization who do fight under their banner, and their operations are vast and well organized
attacks. By offering dozens of different groups and tens of thousands of individuals the
unprecidented opportunity to wage cyberwar in a co-ordinated fashion, they meet the criteria of
being a Cyber Militia.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
9. Soldier X
Web Site: http://www.SoldierX.com
Estimated Membership: 5000
Description: Founded in 1997. This was Project 25SX or SOLDIERX version 2.5 as it has become
known as. This project was to take SOLDIERX back to its roots - information insemination. This idea
removed much of the secrecy behind SX and the difficulty to get involved. Anybody who wanted to
help with the site was able to. If a piece of work met criteria, it was posted onto the site by one of
the admins. This was kind of like an early version of wikipedia for hackers if you think about it. It
was all part of a dream RaT had of a site filled with programs and information which people
frequented without incurring a charge. Those people learned from the site, and in turn gave back to
it. The site would never be the same. If you look at the current site, all people are welcome to
contribute to it. It is increasingly apparent that the wheels of Project 25SX are still in motion.
Relationship Designation: Allied Group
10. Notes: This group began as a group of game hackers, and evolved over time into the full fledged
Cyber Militia it is today. SOLDIER X was founded by Clinton H. Weir (Kefka/Ordune/Shto) in 1997 as
a RPG group known as "SOLDIER". RaT was appointed as the leader of the group. Other notable
members included Blake and RPGMaster. "SOLDIER" quickly became the largest group as RaT
started to get into programming. He got into programming with the help of "MaGuS", the the
infamous creator of the "Fate X" program series. SOLDIER wanted to make the whole AOL RPG'ing
scene completely automated. He decided that they would do this with a test game application he
created dubbed "RaT Fighter 1.0 Beta". The program was a huge success and "RaT Fighter 1.0" was
eventually created. After his creation was finished, he was pleased that the games in the RPG scene
now had the option to be automated - so he worked with his fellow programmers to decide what
should be done next.
Syrian Electronic Army
Web Site: http://www.syrian-es.com
Estimated Membership: 2000
Description: Like their nemisis the Free Hackers Union of Syria, this group was founded in 2011 as a
respnse to the Syrian Revolution. They are fanatically nationalistic, and their primary focus is in
attacking the Syrian Revolution. They are pro-regime to the extreme.
The Syrian Electronic Army also encourages its followers to spread the governmental love via
Facebook. As Noman told IEEE Spectrum: "The group calls its members to collectively write pro-
Syrian regime comments on popular Facebook pages such as that of Oprah Winfrey 'as a way to
reach out to, and influence the American public opinion.'"
Relationship Designation: Enemy
Notes: Helmi Noman, a researcher with the OpenNet Initiative, has been monitoring the Syrian
Electronic Army. He toldIEEE Spectrum that he first noticed the group on Facebook a few weeks ago
(its profile image is pictured), and he has been watching since then as the group stages attacks and
opens new channels of communication. The group recently started a website, a Twitter feed, and a
11. YouTube channel.
Noman says the Syrian Electronic Army claims to be a volunteer, civilian effort. "The group says on
its Web site that it is not an 'official entity' but rather a group of young people who love Syria and
want to serve the country by 'attacking back those who have attacked Syria,'" says Noman.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This dossier represents nine of the most powerful Cyber Militias in the world and some 50,000 of
the worlds best hackers and cyber warriors. These groups are unique in their martial organization,
and because of this tight command and control are powerful far beyond their numbers.
There are many other "hactivist" groups in the world, such as the Chaos Computer Club, Crewel
Underground Madness - or the Cult of the Dead Cow that are very active and effective. And these
groups represent about the same amount of talented hackers as are documented in this dossier.
They are not included in this list because they lack a martial character. Of all the groups catalogued
in this dossier, the one with the most promise is Anonymous - which has the potential of uniting not
only the Cyber Militias but all the other hacker groups as well; thus forging the largest Cyber Army
in history.
This dossier was compiled by Commander X and the Intelligence Unit of the Peoples Liberation
Front. It was last updated on Monday – June 27, 2011.
Hacker Groups of the World
Chaos Computer Club
12. Web Site: http://www.CCC.de
Estimated Membership: 10,000
Description: Founded in 1981. Chaos Computer Club is the oldest and largest hacker group in the
world. The CCC describes itself as "a galactic community of life forms, independent of age, sex, race
or societal orientation, which strives across borders for freedom of information...." In general, the
CCC advocates more transparency in government, freedom of information, and human right to
communication. Supporting the principles of the hacker ethic, the club also fights for free access to
computers and technological infrastructure for everybody.
Relationship Designation: Allied Group
Notes: The CCC hosts the annual Chaos Communication Congress, Europe's biggest hacker congress,
with up to 4,500 participants. Every four years, the Chaos Communication Camp is the outdoor
alternative for hackers worldwide. The CCC started a new yearly conference called SIGINT in May
2009 in Cologne, Germany. Members of the CCC also participate in various technological and
political conferences around the planet.
13. The CCC publishes the quarterly magazine Datenschleuder (data catapult), and the CCC in Berlin also
produces a monthly radio show called Chaosradio which picks up various technical and political
topics in a two-hour talk radio show. The program is aired on a local radio station named Fritz.
There is also a podcast spin-off named Chaosradio Express, an international podcast called
Chaosradio International (which has been inactive for a couple of years now), and other radio
programs offered by some regional Chaos Groups.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Crewl Underground Madness
Web Site: http://www.blackhat.be
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: Founded in 1996. With four fulltime founding leaders and hundreds of supporting
members, Crewl Underground Madness (cum) is a belgian blackhat group specialized in network in
security, hacking, coding and phreaking.
Relationship Designation: Potential Ally
Notes: This group has been quiet lately, although they have gotten some press for some impressive
work they did helping people in Africa. Generally this is a small and dedicated group of very highly
skilled hackers and their supporters. We have reached out to this group several times over the years
but have received no response. I still feel however that they would make excellent allies.
14. Cult Of The Dead Cow
Web Site: http://www.cultdeadcow.com
Estimated Membership: 1000
Description: Founded in 1984. Based in Lubbock, Texas, CULT OF THE DEAD COW (cDc) is one of the
most accomplished and oldest hacker groups in the computer underground. Widely considered (by
themselves) to be the most elite people to ever walk the face of the earth, this think tank has been
referred to as both "a bunch of sickos" (Geraldo Rivera) and "the sexiest group of computer hackers
there ever was" (Jane Pratt, _Sassy_ and _Jane_ magazines). The cDc is a leading developer of
Internet privacy and security tools, which are all free to the public. In addition, the cDc created the
first electronic publication, which is still going strong.
Relationship Designation: Allied Group
Notes: The cDc Grand Imperial Dynasty includes a former Presidential Advisor on computer security,
15. a Harvard researcher, a former U.N. official, an assistant district attorney, a professor of logic, an
award-winning filmmaker, several published authors, a video game developer, an Eagle Scout,
programmers of every sort, graphic artists, musicians, currency traders, and a Merovingian. And
these are just the members who have chosen to make their association with the cDc known to the
public.
For over twenty years, the cDc has proven itself as an innovative force in the computer
underground. In 1984, the cDc invented the electronic publication. In 1990, the cDc's HoHoCon
defined the modern computer underground convention. In every U.S. Presidential Election since
1992, the cDc has run a candidate. In 1994, the cDc became the first computer undergound group
to have its own Usenet newsgroup. In 1996, the cDc coined the term "hacktivism." Also in 1996, the
Ninja Strike Force (cDc's elite cadre of cheerleader-assassins) was founded. In 1997, years before
everyone and their dog had jumped on the file sharing bandwagon, it was distributing original mp3-
format music on its website. In 1998 and 1999, the cDc's "Back Orifice" series was launched to open
the eyes of consumers regarding the security of their computer operating systems. To this day, Back
Orifice and BO2k are among the most popular remote system administration tools among both
hackers and IT professionals. Since 1999, Hacktivismo (a special projects group within the cDc) has
been at the forefront of the ongoing struggle for human rights in and out of cyberspace. In 2002, the
cDc and Hacktivismo drafted their own human rights-friendly software license and earned further
distinction as the only underground computer groups to ever receive U.S. Department of Commerce
approval to export strong encryption in software. In 2004, the cDc and the NSF launched the Bovine
Dawn Dojo Forum, the greatest on-line community of all time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Naija Cyber Hactivists
16. Web Site: http://twitter.com/#!/NaijaCyberHack
Estimated Membership: 500
Description: Hacker group from Nigeria, they appear to be a group dedicated to democratic reforms,
freedom, justice – and transparency in Nigeria.
Relationship Designation: Allied Group
Notes: Found out about these folks here - http://234next.com/csp/cms/sites/Next/Home/5705454-
146/story.csp On May 30, 2011 the PLF, Anonymous – and the Naija Cyber Hactivists conducted an
amazing joint operation, unprecidented in the history of hacker groups. In a lightening 20 hour
attack we were able to convince the reclitriant President of Nigeria to sign a desperatley needed FOI
bill into law. Word is that the government was terrified. Naija Cyber Hactivists are now designated
an allied group, and more joint operations are planned for the future.
Free Hackers Union of Syria
Web Site: http://syrian-hackers.blogspot.com
Estimated Membership: 2000
Description: Founded in 2011 during the historical Mid East Spring Revolution in Syria this group
was litterally forged in the fire of some of the worst repression ever seen in one of these
revolutions.
17. Relationship Designation: Allied Group
Notes: This group has a VERY strong alliance with Anonymous and helped to form the Syrian
contigent of Anonymous. Their primary, in fact sole activity at this writing - is battling the tyrannical
regime of Bashar Assad in the Syrian Revolution.
This dossier represents five of the most powerful Hacker Groups in the world and some 13,000 of
the worlds best hackers.
This dossier was compiled by Commander X and the Intelligence Unit of the Peoples Liberation
Front. It was last updated on Monday – June 27, 2011.
Cyber Commands of the World
USA Cyber Command
Web Site: http://www.stratcom.mil/factsheets/Cyber_Command
Estimated Personel: 5000
Description: Founded in 2010. United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM) is an armed forces
sub-unified command subordinate to United States Strategic Command. The command is located in
Fort Meade, Maryland and led by General Keith B. Alexander. USCYBERCOM centralizes command
of cyberspace operations, organizes existing cyber resources and synchronizes defense of U.S.
military networks.
USCYBERCOM plans, coordinates, integrates, synchronizes and conducts activities to: direct the
operations and defense of specified Department of Defense information networks and; prepare to,
and when directed, conduct full spectrum military cyberspace operations in order to enable actions
18. in all domains, ensure US/Allied freedom of action in cyberspace and deny the same to our
adversaries.
Relationship Designation: Neutral
Notes: The text "9ec4c12949a4f31474f299058ce2b22a", which is located in the command's emblem
- is the MD5 hash of their mission statement. The command is charged with pulling together existing
cyberspace resources, creating synergy and synchronizing war-fighting effects to defend the
information security environment. USCYBERCOM is tasked with centralizing command of
cyberspace operations, strengthening DoD cyberspace capabilities, and integrating and bolstering
DoD’s cyber expertise.
Some military leaders claim that the existing cultures of the Army, Navy and Air Force are
fundamentally incompatible with that of cyber warfare, and have suggested a fourth branch of the
military, a cyber-warfare branch. LTC Gregory Conti and COL John "Buck" Surdu (chief of staff of the
United States Army Research, Development and Engineering Command) stated that the three major
services are "properly positioned to fight kinetic wars, and they value skills such as marksmanship,
physical strength, the ability to leap out of airplanes and lead combat units under enemy fire.
"Unfortunately," the two officers write, "these skills are irrelevant in cyber warfare. Technical
expertise isn't highly valued in the three services. Just look at military uniforms: no decorations or
badges honoring technical expertise", the officers point out. These officers suggest that "Ultimately,
the role of fighting and winning in cyberspace is a military mission, which demands a military
organization – one that can recruit, train and retain highly qualified cyber-warfare combatants."
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Revolution Guard Cyber Defense Command
Web Site: http://www.gerdab.ir/fa/content/3
Estimated Personel: 1000
Description: Founded in 2010. This is the Cyber Defense Command of the Revolution Gaurd Corp of
Iran. One of the first acts of this Command was to declare war on Anonymous. A potent force not
averse to the use of offensive tactics that other Commands would flinch from employing.
19. Relationship Designation: Enemy
Notes: After the protests in 2009, the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps established a cyber
defense command to counter online political activism, making Facebook and Twitter inaccessible to
those without filter proxies bought in the West.
PLA Blue Army
Web Site: http://asian-defence.blogspot.com/2010/08/chinas-cyber-command.html
Estimated Personel: 5000
20. Description: Founded in 2010. The development of China's cyber warfare program has captured
worldwide attention in recent years. While evolving doctrines and incidents of cyber intrusions with
alleged links to the Chinese government have helped China watchers glean the development of
China's growing cyber warfare capabilities, far less certainty surrounds the command and control
side of this enigmatic operation. It’s a highly-trained, elite cyber wing of the People’s Liberation
Army. It’s got just about 30 online soldiers. And its stated purpose is two-fold. The first – to defend
the country from cyber attacks. The second – to fire off its own online barrages in case of war.
Relationship Designation: Potential Enemy
Notes: Professor Meng Xiangqing from the PLA's National Defense University Institute for Strategic
Studies stated: “It is really hard to distinguish attacks and defenses in Internet war. In traditional
wars, there was a definite boundary between attacks and defenses. However, in the war of internet,
it was hard to define whether your action was an attack or a defense. If you claim to fight against
hacker attack, it is hard to say that you are just defending yourself." Meng added, "To fight against a
hacker attack, you might attack other Internet nodes, which leads to the Internet paralysis in other
countries and regions. Moreover, the Internet is a virtual world. It is hard to say that acquiring
information from other countries is a defense”
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Russia 5th-Dimension Cyber Army
Web Site: http://defensetech.org/2008/05/27/russias-cyber-forces
Estimated Personel: 7,500
21. Description: Founded in 2007. This was Project 25SX or SOLDIERX version 2.5 as it has become
known as. This project was to take SOLDIERX back to its roots - information insemination. This idea
removed much of the secrecy behind SX and the difficulty to get involved. Anybody who wanted to
help with the site was able to. If a piece of work met criteria, it was posted onto the site by one of
the admins. This was kind of like an early version of wikipedia for hackers if you think about it. It
was all part of a dream RaT had of a site filled with programs and information which people
frequented without incurring a charge. Those people learned from the site, and in turn gave back to
it. The site would never be the same. If you look at the current site, all people are welcome to
contribute to it. It is increasingly apparent that the wheels of Project 25SX are still in motion.
Relationship Designation: Potential Ally
Notes:
Cyber Warfare Budget: $127 Million USD Offensive Cyber Capabilities: 4.1 (1 = Low, 3 = Moderate
and 5 = Significant)
Cyber Weapons Arsenal in Order of Threat:
Large, advanced BotNet for DDoS and espionage
Electromagnetic pulse weapons (non-nuclear)
Compromised counterfeit computer software
Advanced dynamic exploitation capabilities
Wireless data communications jammers
Cyber Logic Bombs Computer viruses and worms
Cyber data collection exploits Computer and networks reconnaissance tools
Embedded Trojan time bombs (suspected)
Cyber Weapons Capabilities Rating: Advanced
Cyber force Size: 7,300 +
Reserves and Militia: None
Broadband Connections: 23.8 Million +
Close ties with Russian Business Network (RBN), who is thought to own and operate the second
largest BotNet in the world. Intelligence suggests there are organized groups of hackers tied to the
Federal Security Bureau (FSB).
The FSB is the internal counter intelligence agency of the Russian Federation and successor to the
22. Soviet KGB. Russia is often overlooked as a significant player in the global software industry. Russia
produces 200,000 scientific and technology graduates each year. This is as many as India, which has
five times the population. This is hard to believe since their software industry can be traced back to
the 1950s.
A study by the World Bank stated that more than one million people are involved in software
research and development. Russia has the potential to become one of the largest IT markets in
Europe. The Russian hacker attack on Estonia in 2007 rang the alarm bell. Nations around the world
can no longer ignore the advanced threat that Russia’s cyber warfare capabilities have today and
the ones they aspire to have in the near future.
From this information, one can only conclude that Russia has advanced capabilities and the intent
and technological capabilities necessary to carry out a cyber attack anywhere in the world at any
time.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This dossier represents four of the most powerful Cyber Commands in the world and some 18,500
of the worlds best hackers.
This dossier was compiled by Commander X and the Intelligence Unit of the Peoples Liberation
Front. It was last updated on Monday – June 27, 2011.