The GSA’s report, “Evaluating the LTE Broadcast Opportunity”, analyses the drivers and barriers to deployment of LTE Broadcast services based on eMBMS, reviews operators’ activity in the form of trials and service launches, the availability of eMBMS-compatible devices and considers the business case for eMBMS investment. Its production was sponsored by a number of operators actively reviewing the capabilities of LTE Broadcast: EE, PCCW HKT, Plus (Polkomtel), Smartfren and Telstra, together with several vendors from GSA’s membership. November 2015

1.
Evaluating
the
LTE
Broadcast
Opportunity
www.gsacom.com
Prepared
for
the
GSA
by:
Innovation
Observatory
Silvaco
Technology
Centre,
Compass
Point
Business
Park
St
Ives,
Cambridgeshire,
PE27
5JL,
UK
Tel:
+44
(0)1480
309341
Email:
sales@innovationobservatory.com
November
2015
Sponsored
by:
EE,
PCCW
HKT,
Plus
(Polkomtel),
Smartfren,
Telstra
Copyright
©
GSA
–
Global
mobile
Suppliers
Association
2015

2.
The
contents
of
this
document
are
the
property
of
GSA
and
are
protected
by
copyright
and
other
intellectual
property
rights.
All
rights
reserved.
Reproduction
of
this
publication
in
part
for
non-­‐
commercial
use
is
allowed
if
the
source
is
stated.
For
other
use,
and
any
other
enquiries,
please
contact:
GSA
Secretariat
Email:
info@gsacom.com
Tel:
+44
(0)1279
439
667
GSA
cannot
and
does
not
warrant
the
accuracy,
completeness,
currentness,
non-­‐infringement,
merchantability
or
suitability
for
a
particular
purpose
of
the
contents
herein.
Acknowledgements:
This
report
benefits
enormously
from
the
insights
and
experiences
kindly
contributed
by
LTE
Broadcast
operator
pioneers
and
leading
vendors
including
the
BBC,
EE,
Ericsson,
Expway,
Huawei,
Institut
für
Rundfunktechnik,
Nokia,
PCCW
HKT,
Plus
(Polkomtel),
Qualcomm,
Smartfren,
and
Telstra.
We
would
like
to
thank
these
companies
for
their
help.

3.
Table
of
contents
Evaluating
the
LTE
Broadcast
Opportunity
............................................................................................
1
Table
of
contents
...............................................................................................................................
3
Preface
...............................................................................................................................................
4
Introduction
–
the
time
is
right
for
LTE
Broadcast
deployment
........................................................
5
Why
LTE
Broadcast,
and
why
now?
...............................................................................................
5
Technology
description
.....................................................................................................................
6
Drivers
of
adoption
............................................................................................................................
9
Revenue
opportunities
................................................................................................................
10
Efficient
television
distribution
....................................................................................................
12
Barriers
to
adoption
.........................................................................................................................
13
Device
availability
........................................................................................................................
14
Network
upgrade
requirements
..................................................................................................
17
Timelines
for
adoption
....................................................................................................................
18
Forecasts
for
service
availability
..................................................................................................
23
Forecasts
for
global
service
provider
revenue
.................................................................................
24
Business
case
checklist
................................................................................................................
26
Service
implementation
business
case
-­‐
revenues
......................................................................
28
Service
implementation
business
case
-­‐
first
mover
advantage
..................................................
29
Service
implementation
business
case
–
costs
............................................................................
30
Service
implementation
business
case
costs
vs
revenues
...........................................................
32
Service
implementation
business
case
–
offload
cost
savings
.....................................................
33
Annex
A
–
eMBMS
compatible
devices
...........................................................................................
36
Annex
B
-­‐
Survey
details
..................................................................................................................
41
Annex
C
–
Operator
case
studies
.....................................................................................................
43
EE
.................................................................................................................................................
43
Polkomtel
.....................................................................................................................................
43
Telstra
..........................................................................................................................................
44

4.
Preface
The
GSA’s
roles
include
explaining
the
opportunities
available
and
benefits
to
be
gained
from
deploying
mobile
communications
systems
technologies,
the
need
for
adequate
spectrum
provisions,
and
stimulating
supporting
user
device
ecosystems.
During
the
17
years
since
the
GSA
was
established
there
have
been
many
successes,
initially
with
EDGE
and
followed
by
the
launch
of
mobile
broadband
enabled
by
WCDMA
and
HSPA.
As
these
technologies
matured
and
entered
the
mainstream,
spectrum
refarming
moved
up
the
agenda,
and
3G
technology
deployments
(HSPA/HSPA+)
were
enabled
in
spectrum
previously
reserved
for
2G
systems,
such
as
GSM
(e.g.
900
MHz).
3G
deployment
in
900
MHz
spectrum
(UMTS900)
has
long
since
been
mainstream.
Industry
acknowledges
the
contribution
that
GSA
makes
to
LTE
and
LTE-­‐Advanced
developments,
including
delivering
trusted
facts
and
analysis
about
the
market
and
reporting
on
the
user
devices
ecosystem.
GSA
heavily
promoted
refarming
of
2G/1800
MHz
spectrum
for
LTE
and
this
band
is
now
firmly
the
most
common
for
LTE,
with
the
largest
devices
ecosystem.
LTE
is
the
fastest
developing
mobile
communications
systems
technology
ever
and
has
the
flexibility
to
support
a
myriad
of
use
cases
for
consumer
and
enterprise
markets.
And
of
course
LTE
will
be
with
us
for
years
to
come
and
will
continue
to
evolve
on
the
road
to
5G
and
beyond.
The
combination
of
ubiquitous
superfast
broadband
performance
enabled
by
LTE,
the
emergence
of
smartphones
as
the
form
factor
of
choice
for
many,
and
access
to
more
content,
data,
and
especially
video,
are
driving
network
traffic
growth
to
unprecedented
levels.
In
highly
competitive
markets,
network
operators
must
maintain
the
user
experience
of
mobile
broadband
and
enable
more
capacity
to
support
growth.
LTE
Broadcast,
enabled
by
eMBMS
technology
and
standardized
by
3GPP,
allows
operators
to
deliver
content
such
as
video
or
software
updates
much
more
efficiently,
ensuring
the
best
experience
for
users
of
those
services,
and
freeing
up
network
capacity
to
ensure
the
best
experience
for
all
users.
LTE
Broadcast
enables
new
services,
new
business
models,
and
revenue
growth
and
is
a
potential
“game
changer”
that
no
LTE
operator
can
afford
to
ignore.
There
needs
to
be
a
good
choice
of
devices
for
users.
More
now
needs
to
be
done.
This
report
informs,
educates
and
demonstrates
the
business
potential
of
using
LTE
Broadcast.
By
showing
the
commitment
of
leading
network
operators
in
all
regions
and
key
systems
and
solutions
vendors,
broadcasters
and
content
owners,
and
examining
many
promising
business
models,
the
report
will
convince
all
device
manufacturers
to
include
LTE
Broadcast
in
their
product
roadmaps.
Alan
Hadden,
VP,
Research
GSA
(Global
mobile
Suppliers
Association)

5.
Introduction
–
the
time
is
right
for
LTE
Broadcast
deployment
LTE
Broadcast
(also
sometimes
called
LTE
Multicast)
is
on
the
brink
of
transforming
the
types
of
services
that
mobile
customers
receive,
the
quality
of
those
services,
and
the
ways
they
are
delivered.
LTE
Broadcast
is
enabled
by
eMBMS:
a
3GPP
standardized
technology
that
allows
mobile
operators
to
use
a
proportion
of
their
network
capacity
for
broadcast
of
popular
content
or
data.
This
means
they
can
use
the
same
broadcast
stream
to
serve
multiple
-­‐
theoretically
unlimited
-­‐
customers
within
a
single
cell
with
the
same
video,
TV
or
other
data
service,
instead
of
needing
to
unicast
delivery
of
the
same
information
to
every
user
individually.
This
has
a
potentially
major
impact
on
the
capacity
needed
to
deliver
popular
content,
and
opens
up
new
business
opportunities
for
mobile
operators.
This
is
not
the
first
time
that
the
world
has
been
offered
mobile
broadcast
services.
In
fact,
a
variety
of
technologies
have
been
tested
and
some
deployed
-­‐
most
notably
DVB-­‐H.
Previous
attempts
to
introduce
mobile
broadcast-­‐based
services
failed
due
to
a
lack
of
critical
mass
in
terms
of
the
numbers,
types
and
variations
of
devices
that
could
support
services,
the
inefficiency
or
cost
of
offering
services,
mis-­‐alignment
between
DVB-­‐H
coverage
and
the
indoor
and
outdoor
coverage
requirements
of
mobile
networks,
absence
of
key
features
(such
as
the
ability
to
turn
services
on
or
off
on
demand),
the
lack
of
compelling
business
cases
for
the
deployment
of
the
technologies
concerned,
and
user
reluctance
to
spend
more
money.
However,
the
world
is
now
a
very
different
place.
A
number
of
factors
have
fallen
into
place
to
make
the
need
for
deployment
of
mobile
broadcast
technologies
much
more
compelling.
We
look
at
these
in
turn
in
the
next
few
paragraphs.
Why
LTE
Broadcast,
and
why
now?
Mobile
network
operators
are
now
already
delivering
large
amounts
of
video
content
to
their
customers.
When
DVB-­‐H
was
first
conceived
the
scale
of
video
delivery
to
mobile
devices
was
substantially
smaller.
Video
and
TV
content
delivery
is
one
of
the
primary
drivers
of
traffic
growth
within
mobile
networks,
and
that
growth
is
not
likely
to
end
any
time
soon.
The
swelling
volumes
of
video
traffic
are
putting
significant
pressure
on
networks
(from
cost
and
deliverability
perspectives),
and
will
exert
even
more
pressure
in
the
future
unless
mobile
operators
find
new,
more
efficient
means
of
delivering
that
content.
Users’
expectations
are
substantially
different
now
than
they
were
ten
years
ago.
Acclimatised
to
improved
coverage,
and
the
much
higher
data
speeds
offered
by
HSPA+
and
LTE,
they
expect
their
mobile
devices
to
be
able
to
access
video
and
TV
content
without
much
delay
and
at
high
quality.
Users
are
not
spending
more
on
mobile
–
average
revenues
per
user
have
reached
a
plateau
in
many
countries,
and
even
started
to
fall
in
major
markets
around
the
world.
When
looking
at
the
number
of
human
customers
and
the
number
of
connected
mobile
devices
they
hold,
mobile
markets
around
the
world
are
increasingly
saturated.
That
means
that
ensuring
customer
satisfaction
and
users’
quality
of
experience
is
critical
for
retaining
customers,
and
winning
customers
from
competitors.
Outside
developing
markets
there
is
little
growth
to
be
had

6.
from
finding
the
‘as
yet
unconnected’.
Operators
must
offer
the
best
quality
of
experience
to
retain
their
users.
As
well
as
enabling
the
provision
of
new
services
for
residential
consumers,
the
deployment
of
LTE
Broadcast
technology
opens
up
new
possibilities
amongst
other
customer
groups.
It
would
support
the
introduction
of
services
such
as
the
broadcast
of
system
upgrades
for
software
companies
and
with
enterprise
customers
that
have
large
scale,
distributed
machine-­‐to-­‐machine
applications.
It
can
also
be
used
to
deliver
emergency
broadcast
services
for
government
or
public
sector
organisations
(complementing
the
push-­‐to-­‐talk
and
device-­‐to-­‐device
capabilities
of
LTE
that
are
also
attractive
to
those
customers).
Added
to
this,
the
mobile
broadcast
technology
available
to
network
operators
is
much
improved.
LTE
Broadcast
(eMBMS)
is
substantially
more
efficient
than
previous
mobile
broadcast
technologies,
and
promises
new
functions
and
features
that
make
its
deployment
more
practical
and
attractive.
Some
operators
have
already
launched
services,
with
others
running
pre-­‐commercial
trials.
The
technology
is
proven
and
we
expect
to
see
more
commercial
services
going
live
over
the
next
twelve
months.
Collectively
these
factors
have
substantially
improved
the
business
case
for
deployment.
This
report
describes
LTE
Broadcast
(based
on
eMBMS)
in
detail,
explaining
what
the
technology
does,
and
how
far
the
market
has
moved
towards
widespread
deployment;
summarizes
the
state
of
the
ecosystem;
and
examines
the
business
case
for
eMBMS,
making
the
case
for
broader
ecosystem
support
for
the
technology.
The
report
argues
that
the
time
is
now
ripe
for
network
operators
to
start
to
roll
out
commercial
services,
and
for
vendors
to
support
their
cause
by
selling
a
wide
range
of
eMBMS-­‐
enabled
devices.
Technology
description
Mobile
networks
traditionally
use
a
unicast
approach
to
deliver
content
(including
video,
TV,
music,
images
or
data)
to
end
users.
In
other
words,
transmissions
to
different
devices
are
all
set
up
and
delivered
independently,
using
distinct
portions
of
the
operator’s
spectrum
resource,
even
if
different
users
want
to
receive
the
same
content.
If
five
people
in
the
same
cell
want
to
receive
the
same
live
TV
content,
the
network
must
deliver
that
content
five
times.
LTE
Broadcast
uses
a
multicast
approach.
It
sends
the
content
once,
and
that
same
content
is
received
by
all
the
users
who
want
to
receive
it,
as
Figure
1
illustrates.
The
result
is
a
potential
substantial
reduction
in
the
amount
of
network
resource
used
to
deliver
the
content.
All
kinds
of
content
can
be
broadcast
–
linear
and
live
TV
and
video,
linear
and
live
music,
static
content,
software,
data
and
information.
3GPP
has
been
working
to
define
LTE
Broadcast
(eMBMS).
Initial
standards
have
been
released,
and
future
evolutions
are
also
planned.
It
is
a
technology
which
works
now,
and
will
continue
to
evolve.
The
operator
has
the
flexibility
to
decide
how
much
of
its
spectrum
resource
to
dedicate
to
LTE
Broadcast,
by
allocating
proportions
of
different
carriers
for
either
unicast
or
broadcast
content.
Those
proportions
can
be
given
different
profiles
at
different
times
of
the
day.
The
operator
also
has

7.
the
option
to
implement
the
technology
on
a
cell-­‐by-­‐cell
basis
so
that
LTE
Broadcast
only
consumes
capacity
in
areas
where
the
operator
wants
the
service
to
be
offered.
Figure
1:
LTE
Broadcast
compared
with
LTE
Unicast
Alternatively,
cell
sites
can
be
grouped
to
target
areas
into
which
the
same
content
will
be
broadcast.
Towers
in
those
groups
will
broadcast
the
same
content,
at
the
same
time,
on
the
same
frequencies,
creating
what
is
called
a
Single
Frequency
Network
(SFN).
Tower
broadcasts
within
the
SFN
are
carefully
synchronized.
Any
compatible
device
within
the
area
of
the
SFN
can
pick
up
the
broadcast
(a
Multimedia
Broadcast
Service
over
a
Single
Frequency
Network,
or
MBSFN),
receiving
multiple
transmissions
of
the
same
data
from
different
towers,
but
presenting
to
the
end
user
only
a
single
channel.
This
use
of
multiple
towers
can
mean
improved
service
quality
for
customers
in
cell
overlap
areas
as
their
devices
no
longer
need
to
rely
on
a
weak
signal
from
a
single
tower.
Moreover,
a
single
cell
site
can
be
a
member
of
multiple
MBSFN
groups,
giving
the
operator
flexibility
in
terms
of
where
and
when
to
deliver
different
types
of
content
to
different
types
of
user.
(One
urban
cell
might
for
instance
be
part
of
a
group
dedicated
to
delivering
software
downloads
for
business
users,
and
also
part
of
a
group
delivering
live
content
to
sports
fans
in
a
stadium,
with
its
role
changing
at
different
times
of
the
day
or
week.)
Critical
future
features
of
eMBMS
will
include:
• MBMS
Operation
On
Demand
(MOOD)
–
standardized
in
3GPP
release
12,
this
will
provide
operators
with
ability
to
turn
eMBMS
on
or
off
dynamically,
according
to
network
requirements.
This
will
be
a
major
evolution
for
the
technology,
which
(in
any
given
cell)
currently
needs
to
follow
a
standard
profile
for
allocation
of
spectrum
to
either
unicast
or
broadcast
at
any
given
time
of
the
day.
MOOD
will
have
a
major
impact
on
the
efficiency
of
capacity
usage
of
LTE
Broadcast.
Prior
to
MOOD
the
capacity
is
reserved
for
eMBMS
even
if
it
is
not
being
used.
The
MOOD
feature
makes
a
big
difference
to
business
cases
where
customer
demand
for
content
is
unpredictable
either
in
terms
of
time
of
day
or
location.
It
should
be
noted
that
various
proprietary
solutions
offering
MOOD-­‐type
capability
are
in
development
and
will
be
available
soon,
or
in
some
cases
are
available
already.

8.
• HEVC
–
standardized
in
3GPP
release
12
–
is
expected
to
enhance
compression
so
that
channels
can
be
squeezed
into
smaller
frequency
bands,
offering
an
anticipated
40-­‐50%
improvement
over
AVC/H.264.
• Multiband
eMBMS
using
carrier
aggregation
–
expected
to
be
standardized
in
release
13
(or
beyond).
Currently
the
operator
must
select
the
band
to
be
used
for
eMBMS
(e.g.
1800
or
2600)
and
devices
are
tied
to
single
bands.
Typically
it
takes
12
to
24
months
after
standardization
for
3GPP
release
features
to
make
their
way
into
commercial
products.
On
that
basis
we
should
expect
to
see
release
12
features
emerging
from
mid-­‐2016
onwards.
Interviews
with
operators
and
vendors
suggest
that
availability
of
standards-­‐
based
MOOD
solutions
might
still
be
1
to
3
years
away,
although
operators
are
pressing
for
earlier
availability.
Figure
2:
The
timeline
for
LTE
Broadcast
technology
and
market
development

9.
Drivers
of
adoption
There
are
a
number
of
drivers
of
interest
in
LTE
Broadcast.
These
include
increasing
market
saturation,
slowing
revenue
growth,
and
spiralling
volumes
of
video
traffic
within
mobile
networks.
These
are
not
all
of
equivalent
importance,
however,
and
to
test
the
relative
strength
of
these
drivers,
the
GSA
polled
its
members’
views.
Figure
3:
Drivers
of
LTE
Broadcast
adoption
Question
asked:
What
do
you
think
are
the
three
most
important
drivers
of
LTE
Broadcast
infrastructure
and
services?
Please
rank
three
only,
in
order.
173
respondents
Respondents
were
asked
to
identify
the
most
important
market
drivers
from
a
prompted
list,
identifying
the
top
three
in
order
of
importance.
The
chart
shows
the
counts
of
their
responses.
Ability
to
open
up
new
revenues
was
most
often
chosen
as
one
of
the
top
three
drivers;
just
ahead
of
the
need
to
deal
with
growth
in
demand
for
video
content
and
the
ability
to
improve
users’
quality
of
experience.
(The
potential
to
open
up
new
revenue
streams
is
considered
in
detail
in
the
next
section
below.)
The
need
to
deal
with
growth
in
demand
for
video
was
rated
as
the
most
important
driver
by
more
people
than
any
of
the
other
drivers.
The
requirement
to
deal
with
growing
demand
for
video
content
is
clearly
related
to
the
other
top
three
issue
of
improving
users’
quality
of
experience.
In
addition
to
making
the
delivery
of
popular
content
more
efficient
for
the
network
operator,
LTE
Broadcast
can
improve
the
quality
of
service
both
for
the
users
of
the
LTE
Broadcast
infrastructure
and
for
other
mobile
users.
Users
of
the
LTE
Broadcast
service
no
longer
compete
for
network
access,
and
popular
content
is
provided
with
committed
levels
of
bandwidth
to
assure
the
delivery
of
services.
Meanwhile
the
other
mobile
users
find
that
as
multiple
bandwidth-­‐hungry
video
customers
are
moved
onto
LTE
Broadcast,
the
capacity
left
for
them
to
use
increases
(so
long
as
LTE
Broadcast
is
not
allocated
too
much
spectrum).
Network
operator
respondents’
opinions
were
similar
to
those
of
other
respondent
types
(vendors,
service
providers,
broadcasters,
industry
commentators)1
except
that
the
availability
of
clear
1
More
details
about
the
surveys
undertaken
to
inform
this
report
are
provided
in
the
annex

10.
business
opportunities
was
ranked
at
the
most
important
driver
by
operators,
just
ahead
of
video
growth;
and
mobile
data
demand
growth
was
chosen
as
a
top
three
driver
slightly
more
often
than
video
demand
growth.
Revenue
opportunities
It
is
perhaps
not
surprising
that
LTE
Broadcast
has
captured
interest,
as
it
offers
mobile
operators
the
opportunity
to
create
new
services,
and
find
new
ways
to
monetize
them
–
through
payment
from
consumers
and
businesses,
revenue-­‐sharing
arrangements,
reduced
churn,
new
subscriber
additions,
or
network
cost
savings.
Operators
have
so
far
largely
tested
mobile
TV
broadcast-­‐related
applications
but
LTE
Broadcast
could
provide
the
technological
underpinning
for
a
very
wide
range
of
services.
Some
of
the
key
ones
are
listed
in
the
table
below.
Figure
4:
The
applications
for
LTE
Broadcast
being
considered
by
operators
Service
concept
Description
HD
mobile
TV
High
quality
(HD)
mobile
live
and
linear
TV,
when
you're
out
and
about
or
at
home
Content
pre-­‐distribution
Consumers'
favourite
online
TV,
video
and
magazine
/
news
content,
pushed
in
advance
to
a
mobile
device
and
ready
to
watch
in
HD
with
no
buffering,
at
the
time
of
broadcast
/
publication
–
or
later
Driver
services
Services
for
drivers
and
car
passengers,
including
real-­‐time
traffic
reports,
parking
space
help,
automatic
satnav
updates,
enhanced
safety
services
(e.g.
seeing
beyond
the
car
in
front),
and
entertainment
Sports
/
music
stadium
services
Video
and
other
content
(instant
multi-­‐angle
replays,
video
from
other
events
elsewhere,
close-­‐ups,
stats
information,
exclusive
merchandise
offers
etc.,
all
with
excellent
speed
even
at
or
around
busy
events
like
music
festivals,
concerts,
football,
motor
and
horse
racing,
tennis,
cycling,
or
athletics)
Emergency
services
Wireless
emergency
/
public
safety
alerts,
and
priority
push-­‐to-­‐talk
services
for
the
emergency
services
Software
distribution
Operating
system
/
firmware
/
application
updates
distributed
rapidly
and
efficiently
to
users
Digital
signage
Distribution
of
digital
signage
(video
advertising
posters)
locally,
regionally
or
nationally
Internet
of
Things
systems
Internet
of
Things
system
/
sensor
/
actuator
configuration,
including
for
smart
meters
and
lighting
controls
Commercial
content
distribution
Hotel,
theme
park,
airport
and
other
venue
content
distribution
(videos,
presentations,
advertising,
maps
etc.)
to
user
devices
and
screens
within
venue
Campus
content
distribution
Campus
content
distribution,
including
distribution
of
lecture
notes
to
students,
or
corporate
information
to
staff
Public
transport
info
Public
transport
information
(maps,
timetables,
alerts
etc.)
broadcast
live
across
the
network
to
screens
and
consumers'
devices
Understanding
which
of
these
services
has
the
greatest
potential
for
success
will
be
crucial
to
mobile
operators.
The
GSA
tested
potential
for
success
in
two
ways.
It
tested
the
appeal
of
a
number
of
individual
services
and
bundles
of
services
with
members
of
the
GSA
community,
to
see
which
they
thought
had
the
most
chance
of
success,
using
the
service
descriptions
provided
in
the
table
above.
Respondents
were
asked
to
indicate
whether
they
thought
the
services
would
succeed
if
launched,
or
would
not
succeed
even
if
launched.
The
survey
feedback
is
in
Figure
5.

11.
Figure
5:
Likely
success
of
LTE
Broadcast
services
Question
asked:
We
will
show
you
a
list
of
potential
applications
of
LTE
Broadcast
technology.
For
each
one,
please
indicate
how
likely
you
think
the
service
is
to
succeed,
on
a
scale
of
1-­‐5,
where
1
=
“this
service
will
not
succeed
at
all,
even
if
LTE
Broadcast
infrastructure
and
devices
are
in
place”,
and
5
=
“this
service
is
very
likely
to
succeed”.
173
respondents
With
the
exception
of
digital
signage,
all
services
tested
were
given
a
4
or
a
5
score
by
more
than
half
the
respondents,
indicating
people
think
them
likely
or
very
likely
to
succeed.
There
was
no
significant
difference
between
operators’
responses
and
those
from
other
industry
players.
Some
of
the
concepts
were
also
tested
with
consumers
in
the
UK
(as
an
example
market),
to
gauge
their
level
of
interest
in
using
such
services.
(Services
clearly
only
of
interest
to
business
users,
such
as
Internet
of
Things-­‐related
applications,
were
not
tested.)
Respondents
were
given
service
descriptions
and
asked
(inter
alia)
whether
they
would
use
them.
The
results
are
shown
in
Figure
6
below.
Although
they
are
not
directly
comparable,
it
is
interesting
to
note
the
differences
between
the
two
sets
of
survey
results.
Sports
/
music
stadium
services
were
ranked
highest
in
terms
of
likelihood
of
success
by
industry
survey
participants,
whilst
UK
consumers
indicated
that
the
service
they
would
most
like
to
use
is
mobile
TV.
Content
pre-­‐distribution
was
also
popular
amongst
end
users.

12.
Figure
6:
Interest
in
various
LTE
Broadcast
concepts.
Base
343
UK
mobile
users
Efficient
television
distribution
It
is
important
to
note
that
network
operators
are
not
the
only
companies
investigating
the
potential
of
eMBMS
to
distribute
content.
A
variety
of
broadcasters
have
also
started
to
explore
the
capabilities
of
the
technology.
There
are
subtle
differences
in
their
motivations.
Network
operators
are
looking
at
LTE
Broadcast
as
a
means
to
manage
the
cost
of
delivering
traffic
over
their
networks
whilst
sustaining
quality
of
customer
experience,
and
as
a
means
of
developing
new
revenue
generating
services.
Broadcasters
are
sometimes
simply
looking
at
eMBMS
as
a
new
method
for
reaching
the
increasing
numbers
of
customers
that
are
accessing
their
content
via
mobile
devices.
They
are
keen
to
ensure
quality
of
experience
for
those
end
users
viewing
their
services
over
wireless
networks,
and
to
reach
the
biggest
possible
audience
with
their
content.
For
instance,
Germany’s
research
and
development
institute
for
broadcast
and
digital
media
technology,
IRT
(which
is
owned
by
the
country’s
public
service
broadcasters)
and
the
Bavarian
broadcaster
Bayerischer
Rundfunk
(an
associate
of
IRT)
are
exploring
the
potential
benefits
and
drawbacks
of
eMBMS
for
broadcasters.
Germany
is
in
the
process
of
moving
its
free-­‐to-­‐air
broadcasting
services
to
DVB-­‐T2,
and
the
DVB-­‐T2
networks
in
Germany
will
be
designed
for
portable
reception
(including
some
use
in
cars).
Nevertheless,
the
broadcasters
are
seeing
on-­‐demand
content
(which
requires
a
return
channel)
account
for
an
increasing
share
of
mobile
media
consumption
and
they
are
considering
how
the
next
(post
DVB-­‐T2)
generation
of
broadcast
networks
could
deliver
access
to
linear
and
non-­‐linear
media
services
on
the
move.
Moreover,
unlocking
millions
of
smartphones
and
tablets
as
a
potential
receiver
for
broadcasting
content
is
regarded
as
very
appealing.

13.
Barriers
to
adoption
Whilst
there
are
drivers
for
the
deployment
of
LTE
Broadcast,
there
are
also
a
number
of
barriers.
In
the
GSA’s
survey
of
its
member
community,
respondents
were
asked
to
identify
the
most
important
market
barriers
from
a
prompted
list,
identifying
the
top
three
in
order
of
importance.
Figure
7
shows
the
counts
of
their
responses.
The
results
show
that
there
is
still
work
to
be
done
to
make
the
business
case
for
deployment
of
LTE
Broadcast;
that
issue
was
ranked
the
single
biggest
barrier,
and
as
a
top
three
barrier
by
the
most
number
of
survey
respondents.
Second
was
the
lack
of
availability
of
eMBMS-­‐enabled
devices,
followed
by
a
lack
of
media/content
partnerships.
Although
industry
players
are
still
concerned
about
the
business
case
for
LTE
Broadcast,
we
would
contend
that
these
barriers
are
in
the
process
of
being
overcome.
We
expect
that
trials
and
early
deployments
will
show
that
there
is
a
case
for
LTE
deployment
on
a
wide
scale
(and
below
we
work
through
a
generic
business
case
that
demonstrates
clear
potential).
Figure
7:
Barriers
to
LTE
Broadcast
deployment
Question
asked:
What
are
the
three
most
important
barriers
to
roll
out
of
LTE
Broadcast
infrastructure
and
services?
Please
rank
three
only,
in
order.
173
respondents
Device
availability
is
low,
but
is
expected
to
grow
in
the
coming
months.
Device
availability
is
explored
further
in
the
section
below.
Cost
of
infrastructure
deployment
is
a
concern.
Mobile
operators
are
comparing
the
costs
of
LTE
Broadcast
with
the
costs
of
LTE
unicast
and
other
network
improvement
technologies
they
might
deploy.
Broadcasters
are
comparing
the
costs
and
capabilities
of
LTE
Broadcast
not
with
LTE
unicast
solutions,
but
with
alternative
broadcast
approaches.

14.
Unavailability
/
maturity
of
network
technology
was
rated
overall
as
the
fourth
biggest
barrier
–
again
a
barrier
that
is
steadily
being
overcome.
There
is
a
variety
of
network
technology
vendors
that
now
offer
eMBMS
solutions.
The
lack
of
media
partnerships
was
seen
as
an
issue
for
operators
planning
TV-­‐related
services.
Many
of
the
LTE
Broadcast
business
cases
involve
commercial
participants
from
outside
the
mobile
telecom
value
chain
including:
• Content
producers
/
owners
(for
video
/
TV
broadcast-­‐based
services)
• Sports
organisations
and
rights
owners
(for
stadium
and
sports
coverage
deals)
• Software
developers
(for
the
LTE
Broadcast
software
upgrade
model).
It
should
be
noted
that
there
are
a
great
many
telecoms
groups
worldwide
which
include
both
mobile
operators
and
broadcasters
or
content
providers;
and
there
are
others
that
have
experience
of
content
delivery
through
IPTV
or
cable
TV
businesses
they
operate.
Device
availability
Device
availability
needs
to
improve
to
ensure
that
when
operators
launch
their
LTE
Broadcast
services,
these
can
be
received
by
a
range
of
handsets
and
other
devices
(and
ideally
by
the
most
popular
models).
In
order
to
be
LTE
Broadcast
compatible,
CPE
must
be
equipped
with
the
following:
• LTE
Broadcast
capable
chipsets,
with
the
LTE
Broadcast
feature
turned
on
• Middleware
to
support
the
applications
that
will
be
developed
to
use
LTE-­‐Broadcast.
The
middleware
must
be
able
to
decode
and
display
the
received
broadcast
content
• LTE
Broadcast
applications
themselves
Initially
only
a
few
devices
were
available,
with
handset
companies
supplying
bespoke
batches
of
test
handsets
and
tablets
that
could
be
used
in
trials
/
pilot
projects.
The
number
of
compatible
devices
is
now
steadily
increasing.
The
availability
of
chipsets
supporting
eMBMS
is
not
now
a
problem
–
there
are
many
chipsets
available
that
support
the
technology.
That
said,
there
are
significant
gaps.
It
is
also
important
to
note
that
chipsets
are
not
all
created
equal.
Chipsets
must
be
able
to
support
the
full
range
of
standardized
eMBMS
features.
Known
chipset
availability
from
the
leading
vendors
is
as
follows:
Qualcomm
Technologies’
chipsets
and
its
LTE
Broadcast
middleware
solution
have
been
used
in
many
of
the
operator
trials
that
have
taken
place.
Qualcomm
reports
that
all
its
latest
Snapdragon
modems
(the
X5
class
including
the
Snapdragon
210,
212,
412,
415,
616
and
X5
LTE
Modem;
the
X6
class
including
the
Snapdragon
430;
the
X7
class
including
the
Snapdragon
X7
LTE
Modem;
the
X8
class
including
the
Snapdragon
617,
618
and
620
processors;
the
X10
including
the
Snapdragon
808
and
810
processors;
and
the
X12
modem
class
including
the
X12
LTE
modem
and
Snapdragon
820
processor)
are
now
technically
capable
of
supporting
LTE
Broadcast
services.
These
processors
are
contained
in
a
large
number
of
devices.
Sequans
also
supports
LTE
Broadcast.
Sequans
reports
that
its
VZ22M
EZLinkLTE
modules
(designed
for
tablets,
notebooks,
laptops
and
other
portable
computers)
support
eMBMS.
Its
VZ22Q
EZlinkLTE

15.
module
(designed
for
adding
LTE
to
M2M
and
connected
consumer
electronics
devices)
also
offers
eMBMS
support.
Both
have
been
certified
for
deployment
in
the
Verizon
network.
In
addition,
the
company’s
Cassiopeia
LTE-­‐Advanced
chipset
solution
supports
eMBMS
(and
has
been
deployed
in
CPE
being
used
by
Linkem
in
its
new
LTE
network
in
Italy),
as
does
its
Mont
Blanc
LTE
platform
(used
in
Orange’s
trials
in
France,
and
Verizon’s
trials
in
the
U.S.).
Sequans
says
its
EZLinkLTE
modules
support
all
major
operating
systems,
including
Android,
Windows,
Linux,
and
Google
Chrome.
Altair’s
FourGee-­‐3800/6300
chipset
supports
eMBMS,
and
is,
according
to
the
company,
suitable
for
deployment
in
most
types
of
device.
It
has
been
working
with
middleware
provider
Roundbox
to
deliver
a
package
of
interoperable
LTE
Broadcast
eMBMS
chipsets
and
device
software.
Intel
demonstrated
a
platform
running
Expway’s
eMBMS
middleware
on
its
Intel
XMM
7160
modem
at
MWC
2014.
It
currently
lists
three
4G
LTE
platforms
as
eMBMS
compatible.
These
are
the
XMM
7260,
the
XMM7262,
and
its
newly
launched
XMM
7360.
The
first
devices
based
on
the
XMM7360
are
expected
before
the
end
of
2015.
Marvell’s
ARMADA
mobile
platforms,
including
the
PXA1802,
PXA1920,
PXA1928,
PXA1908
and
PXA1936
have
all
been
enhanced
to
support
eMBMS
technology.
Its
PXA1918
has
also
been
introduced
with
eMBMS
support.
Marvell
has
demonstrated
the
interoperability
of
its
chipsets
with
Expway’s
middleware.
GCT
lists
several
modems
that
support
eMBMS:
the
GDM7243Q:
Advanced
FDD-­‐TDD
LTE
Cat.
5/6/7;
the
GDM7243M:
Multi-­‐Mode
FDD-­‐TDD
LTE
+
WiMAX
devices;
and
the
GDM7243S:
FDD-­‐TDD
LTE,
Cat.
4.
All
of
these
vendors
have
announced
the
launch
of
devices
containing
their
chipsets.
A
full
list
is
contained
in
the
table
in
Annex
A.
Middleware
is
also
available
for
most
of
these
chipsets.
For
instance,
Expway
reports
that
its
eMBMS
middleware
supports
chipsets
from
Altair,
Intel,
Marvell,
Qualcomm
and
Sequans,
and
we
are
aware
of
at
least
25
devices
that
have
been
tested
/
certified
/
trialled
with
Expway
middleware.
Expway’s
middleware
runs
on
a
variety
of
operating
systems
including
Android,
Linus,
iOS
and
Windows.
Meanwhile,
Qualcomm
provides
its
own
eMBMS
middleware
and
SDK
and
states
that
it
has
rolled
this
out
to
support
all
of
its
eMBMS
compatible
chipsets.
Even
if
a
device
has
a
compatible
chipset
and
has
been
demonstrated
with,
or
certified
as
compatible
with
LTE
Broadcast
middleware,
it
still
needs
to
be
eMBMS-­‐enabled.
This
is
starting
to
happen,
often
with
devices
enabled
for
eMBMS
via
a
software/firmware
upgrade
following
service
launch.
One
operator
we
spoke
to
stated
that
it
was
aware
of
20
compatible
devices,
that
14
of
them
were
being
used
in
its
network
and
were
all
capable
of
firmware
upgrade
to
support
eMBMS.
It
said
three
of
those
were
already
present
in
sufficient
volumes
to
justify
that
firmware
upgrade.

16.
Separately
we
understand
that
Verizon
has
certified
at
least
ten
eMBMS
compatible
devices
for
use
on
its
network,
with
around
five
more
due
before
the
end
of
2015.
The
company
has
enabled
the
use
of
a
variety
of
these
devices
for
eMBMS
via
software
upgrades.
Our
research
has
identified
97
devices
in
a
variety
of
form
factors
that
have
either
been
used
in
demonstrations
or
trials
(some
of
them
customised
specifically
for
the
trial),
or
are
being
sold
with
eMBMS
compatible
chipsets
and
so
could
be
used
to
provide
services.
Of
those,
63
devices
have
been
identified
as
having
been
demonstrated
with
or
certified
as
compatible
with
commercially
available
eMBMS
middleware.
One
notable
absence
from
the
LTE
Broadcast
community
is
Apple.
Apple
is
generally
perceived
to
be
a
crucial
player
as
far
as
the
success
prospects
of
LTE
Broadcast
is
concerned.
We
understand
from
operator
sources
that
Apple
has
so
far
shown
no
clear
interest
in
enabling
eMBMS
in
its
devices.
Nor
has
it
confirmed
to
the
GSA
whether
it
plans
to
enable
eMBMS
in
its
handsets.
The
device
availability
barrier
could
relatively
easily
be
overcome
by
the
vendor
community.
When
asked
What
device
penetration
must
eMBMS
achieve
in
order
for
operators
to
seriously
consider
introducing
LTE
Broadcast
services?
respondents
to
the
survey
of
GSA
community
readers
generally
indicated
they
thought
between
10%
and
50%
device
penetration
is
needed
before
operators
can
consider
launching
services,
with
the
10%
to
25%
range
getting
the
most
responses.
The
average
of
the
penetration
scores
indicated
was
just
under
30%.
Figure
8:
LTE
Broadcast
device
penetration
requirements
Question
asked:
What
device
penetration
must
eMBMS
achieve
in
order
for
operators
to
seriously
consider
introducing
LTE
Broadcast
services?
Base
123
respondents
Given
device
churn
rates
(on
average
as
frequent
as
once
every
two
years
in
some
markets,
with
many
customers
changing
device
every
year),
this
would
not
take
long
to
achieve
if
there
is
a
good
range
of
compatible
devices
to
offer
customers.
Going
forward
we
expect
more
vendors
to
enable
their
devices
for
eMBMS
at
the
request
of
network
operators.
For
many
existing
smartphones,
eMBMS
can
be
enabled
through
an
operating
system
firmware
upgrade.
One
issue
that
must
be
considered
is
spectrum
band
support,
though.
Devices
that
have
been
made
available
to
support
KT’s
service
in
Korea
are
not
usable
in
Western
markets
because
they
support
spectrum
bands
that
will
not
be
used
by
operators
in
the
West
to
provide
LTE
Broadcast
services.

17.
Nonetheless,
in
many
cases
we
regard
the
main
barrier
to
introduction
of
eMBMS-­‐capable
devices
to
be
an
economic
one.
Either
the
operator
or
the
device
vendor
must
decide
it
is
worth
the
cost
to
activate
the
capability
in
the
chipsets
and
to
deploy
the
middleware.
Network
upgrade
requirements
Operators
planning
to
deploy
LTE
Broadcast
in
their
network
will
need
to
make
some
technical
adjustments
to
their
networks
to
enable
services.
Figure
9
depicts
the
key
network
elements
required
to
deliver
LTE
Broadcast
services.
Figure
9:
LTE
Broadcast
network
infrastructure
The
key
elements
are:
• Content
encoders
/
transcoders.
While
not
critical
if
appropriately
encoded
content
is
sourced
from
third
parties,
generally
speaking
content
will
need
to
be
encoded
using
H.265,
or
when
it
is
introduced
in
networks,
HVEC,
to
ensure
the
content
is
sufficiently
compressed.
Better
compression
means
less
bandwidth
and
spectrum
is
needed
to
deliver
the
service
(or
more
can
be
delivered
using
the
same
spectrum).
• Ericsson
reported
that
trials
with
Telstra
showed
HVEC
reduced
bandwidth
required
to
deliver
high
quality
video
by
30-­‐40%
compared
with
MPEG-­‐4
AVC
coding.
• Streamed
video
would
need
to
use
MPEG-­‐DASH
(the
standard
for
Dynamic
Adaptive
Streaming
over
HTTP),
which
is
standardized
for
eMBMS
live
streaming.
• Synchronization
-­‐
required
in
order
that
cells
forming
part
of
the
same
MBSFN
Area
can
broadcast
in
a
synchronized
fashion.
• MBMS
Coordination
Entity
(MBMS
CE)
–
schedules
resources,
allocating
time
and
frequency
to
eMBMS.
Manages
eMBMS
session
admission.
This
function
is
located
in
the
eNodeBs
and
will
require
either
a
software
or
hardware
upgrade.
• Broadcast
Multicast
Service
Centre
(BM-­‐SC)
–
manages
functions
such
as
authentication,
authorization,
and
content
packaging
for
transport
(using
FLUTE),
content
synchronization
and
application
layer
forward
error
correction.
• Multimedia
Broadcast
Gateway
(MBMS
Gateway)
–
delivers
content
to
the
relevant
eNodeBs
for
broadcasting,
and
manages
E-­‐UTRAN
session
control
signalling
(via
the
MME).

18.
Timelines
for
adoption
Numerous
operators
have
now
completed
trials
of
eMBMS
in
live
networks,
with
live
customers.
Most
trials
have
been
technical
in
nature,
rather
than
commercial.
The
table
below
lists
the
known
trials.
Where
cells
are
blank,
we
have
no
information.
Figure
10:
Operator
trials
of
LTE
Broadcast
Participants Details
Lead
operator /
broadcaster
Vendors and
others
Country Date Trial data
3 Samsung UK Technical trials in Maidenhead UK
AT&T Ericsson,
Qualcomm
(middleware),
ESPN,
MobiTV
(streaming
app),
Samsung
(handsets)
US Jan
2015
Feb
2015
Trials in Texas of live football game
offering extra content feeds with new
camera angles and bonus content. Trial
aimed at minimizing network congestion
Trial at SuperBowl 2015 involving 40 LTE
Broadcast enabled Samsung Galaxy Note
3 Android smartphones. 5MHz per cell
reserved for delivery of three channels
Bayerischer
Rundfunk,
IRT
Nokia Germany July
2014
Trial in Munich broadcasting content over
a 200 km
2
area using Nokia Flexi
Multiradio 10 base stations deployed at
four sites
Bell
Mobility
Expway Canada
China
Mobile
Huawei,
Expway
Ericsson,
Qualcomm
China
Hong Kong
Feb
2013
Sept
2014
Demonstrated at MWC
Demonstrated at LTE Summit
China
Telecom
Huawei, ZTE,
Expway
China Aug
2014
Pre-commercial trial at the 2014 Summer
Youth Olympic Games (YOG). The service
provided live feeds to the YOG Control
Centre and the temporary business hall in
the Youth Olympic Village, as well as
Hohai University campus and Nanjing
University of Posts and Telecoms campus,
in Nanjing. In addition, China Telecom
made 18,000 Huawei C8817 eMBMS-
enabled device units available to YOG
service volunteers so that they could watch
HD YOG games on their mobile terminals
anytime, anywhere, and free of charge
China
Telecom
(Wuxi
Telecom)
ZTE China Nov
2014
Wuxi Telecom has launched eMBMS at
Jiangnan University, Wuxi Business and
Vocational School, and Wuxi Technology
Institute (New District). On-site tests
showed that the network could deliver
high-quality mobile videos, and IP RAN
multicast services to a reliable millisecond
level
EE BBC,
Qualcomm,
Huawei, plus
UK May
2014
and May
Technical trial at Commonwealth Games,
with content from three Commonwealth
Games events. Games shown live in

19.
EVS and
Intellicore (FA
Cup trial),
Expway
2015 Glasgow’s Science Centre on handsets,
and live broadcast streams sent to trial
handsets running the BBC’s iPlayer
application
FA Cup Final - one broadcast stream of
live footage, and others to show multiple
camera angles and replays – to tablets
Etisalat Alcatel Lucent UAE Mar
2014
Known to have trialled. Alcatel Lucent
network deployment contract deal reported
to include capability for eMBMS
Globe
Telecom
Huawei Philippines Sept
2014
Demonstrated the technology at the Globe
Innovation Forum
RAI, TDF Expway,
GatesAir,
Nokia
France and
Italy
April
2015
Trial to test convergence potential of
eMBMS with DVB. Two data streams in
the trials in France and Italy share the
same UHF channel using time division
multiplexing. One carries conventional
DVB broadcast for TVs, and the other
carries LTE broadcast signals for
smartphones, laptops and tablets. The
French trial (at the Eiffel Tower) is testing
pre-download of popular content to
mobiles; the Italian trial (in the Aosta
Valley) is testing mobile video streaming
(four channels with HVEC coding)
KPN Ericsson,
Samsung,
IBM,
Amsterdam
Arena
NL May
2014
Football match in Amsterdam,
Netherlands, between Ajax and NEC
KT Samsung,
Expway
Nokia
Korea
Germany
Feb
2013
Nov
2015
Demonstrated at MWC
Demonstrated at Nokia Research Center
in Germany their jointly developed ultra-
low latency (<1s delay) delivery of HD
video from camera to smartphone over
eMBMS.
Megafon Huawei Russia Sept
2014
Laboratory technical testing
Meo Huawei Portugal
MTS Ericsson,
Qualcomm
Russia 2015 Technical trial: several channels of video
content delivered to smartphones in
Russia from distribution centre in Germany
Orange Alcatel Lucent,
Samsung,
Expway,
Sequans,
Qualcomm
France May /
June
2014
French Open tennis. Four live channels at
2.5 Mbit/s in 6MHz of downlink capacity (in
the 2.6GHz band)
Demonstration tablets were used, running
Expway middleware on Sequans chipsets
PCCW
(CSL)
Huawei Hong Kong Internal tests
Trial at the Hong Kong Rugby Sevens
Polkomtel
Plus
Ericsson,
Samsung,
Polsat
Poland Sept
2014
Four channels showing different camera
angles delivered throughout the stadium to
300 devices during the Men’s Volleyball
championship in Warsaw
RJIL Samsung,
Expway,
Marvell
India RJIL is using Expway’s LTE Broadcast
middleware for TV and push VOD, and
traditional LTE for fixed and mobile voice,

20.
as well as for Internet
Singtel Ericsson Singapore June
2015
Trial at 28th South East Asian (SEA)
Games designed to demonstrate
commercial viability for businesses.
Multiple mobile devices ran the Singtel TV
GO app, displaying live broadcasts of
sporting events.
The demonstration also
presented drone videography of the men’s
and women’s 500m 12-crew traditional
boat race - the aerial footage was uplinked
through Singtel’s high-speed LTE network
and streamed to the mobile devices using
LTE Broadcast technology
SK Telecom Nokia Korea Oct
2015
Reported to be co-developing an eMBMS
solution for disaster communications
Smart
Communica
tions
Huawei
Also in Feb 14
TV5, Cignal
Digital TV
Philippines Nov
2013,
then
Feb
2014
In Nov 2013 multicast preloaded videos via
LTE stations to ten LTE tablets.
In Feb 2014 tested live feeds of performing
bands and two live TV channels, at a
music concert delivered to demo LTE
tablets
Smartfren Indonesia Dec
2015
Trial planned
Telecom
Italia Mobile
Huawei,
Expway
Ericsson, RAI,
Samsung,
Qualcomm
Italy April
2015
October
2015
Live streaming via tablets to supporters of
an AC Milan football match, of three
matches taking place elsewhere
At Expo 2015, a live broadcast of concert
music (at a definition of 4K), plus streamed
music channels and on-demand TV,
across the whole exhibition area to
selected trial users with mobile phones. A
second demonstration involving RAI
occurred at the end of the show
Telstra Ericsson,
Expway
Australia Jan
2014 &
2015
Three high-quality, live-video feeds
offering live coverage, highlights and
statistics delivered to multiple users at the
Melbourne Cricket Ground
Additional trials at a racing carnival in 2014
and various sporting finals in 2015.
T-Mobile Huawei Germany
Verizon Ericsson,
Qualcomm,
Samsung and
MobiTV, D-
Link, Altair and
Roundbox
Expway
US 2014
and
2015
Demonstrated LTE Multicast at NFL stadia
(for the Super Bowl 2014) and at Indy Car
race tracks. Has also demonstrated
operated LTE Multicast for M2M (digital
signage at CTIA 2014 and MWC 2015)
and for distribution of software updates
and in-car entertainment to car fleets (with
Visteon) at CES and MWC 2015.
Vivo Expway Brazil
Vodafone Expway Portugal
Vodafone Huawei,
Valencia CF,
Quickplay,
Thomson
Video
Networks
Spain June
2015
Five HD format channels of content from
the game broadcast at a football match
including a live content feed, 3D
recreations of the game in real-time, stats
channel, fan recordings uploaded at the
event, and a social channel for tweets,
photos and comments

21.
Vodafone Ericsson,
Qualcomm,
Samsung
Huawei
Germany Feb
2014
July
2014
LTE Broadcast test at Borussia
Mönchengladbach football match in
Germany
Live broadcasting of the Kieler Woche
sailing event using two DBS3900
distributed base stations; signal broadcast
to smartphones and tablets held by
audience members
We
can
expect
further
trials
in
the
future.
Our
survey
of
the
GSA
community
showed
that
many
operators
are
planning
to
test
eMBMS.
33%
of
the
network
operators
that
answered
a
question
about
their
intentions
stated
that
they
were
trialling
now,
or
would
trial
eMBMS
within
a
year.
Over
50%
plan
to
run
trials
within
two
to
three
years.
Over
10%
indicated
they
have
deployed
eMBMS
or
have
plans
to
deploy
within
the
year.
Figure
11:
eMBMS
-­‐
operator
trial
and
launch
plans
Question
asked:
How
advanced
is
your
planning
for
LTE
Broadcast
infrastructure
rollout?
51
respondents
Even
amongst
those
operators
without
definite
deployment
plans,
there
is
a
general
optimism
about
the
likelihood
of
service
introduction.
As
Figure
12
shows,
nearly
40%
of
those
who
answered
the
question
said
they
expected
to
launch
services
within
the
next
two
years,
and
60%
of
them
within
three
years.

22.
Figure
12:
eMBMS
-­‐
operator
launch
plans
Question
asked:
What
is
your
best
estimate
of
when
LTE
Broadcast
services
might
start
on
your
network?
Choose
the
answer
that
fits
best.
53
respondents
A
select
few
operators
have
gone
further
and
committed
to
commercial
launches
of
eMBMS.
We
believe
that
two
operators
have
now
launched
services
(KT
in
Korea
and
Verizon
in
the
U.S.).
Figure
13
below
shows
operators’
publicly
announced
commitments
and
launches.
Our
research
suggests
there
are
two
other
networks
with
eMBMS
deployed
but
not
announced
(and
hence
not
listed
in
the
table
below);
one
of
which
is
understood
to
be
planning
to
launch
commercial
services
soon.
Figure
13:
LTE
Broadcast
-­‐
operator
launches
and
launch
commitments
Operator
Country
Timetable
and
details
KT
Korea
Live.
Launched
services
in
Jan
2014.
Provides
Olleh
Mobile
TV
services
(including
two
channels
of
HD
TV
plus
on
demand
TV)
within
larger
bundles
mobile
subscription
bundles.
Samsung
provides
a
dynamic
cell
activation
algorithm
which
emulates
what
the
MOOD
standard
is
ultimately
expected
to
provide.
Delivered
on
Galaxy
Note
3
Telstra
Australia
Planned.
Launch
during
2015;
Ericsson
technology
being
progressively
deployed
in
Telstra’s
network
EE
UK
Planned.
Technology
deployment
planned
for
2016
Globe
Telecom
Philippines
Planned.
Expected
to
be
commercially
available
in
selected
areas
within
2015
Verizon
U.S
Launched
its
Go90
service
in
September
2015.
This
supports
eMBMS
(as
did
Verizon’s
Indy
Car
2015
application),
although
we
understand
it
does
not
always
use
it.
Devices
are
available
commercially
from
Verizon
with
eMBMS
support
China
Telecom
China
Planned
service
launch
in
2015
AT&T
U.S.
Planned
service
launch
in
2015

23.
Quickplay,
a
distributor
of
linear
OTT
TV
with
a
reach
of
over
a
billion
viewers,
and
which
has
introduced
multiscreen
video
services
for
AT&T,
Rogers,
Singtel,
Telus,
and
Verizon,
has
also
announced
support
for
LTE
Broadcast.
It
recently
acquired
Roundbox,
a
provider
of
TV
delivery
software
including
eMBMS
middleware
(its
Roundbox
Client
for
4G
LTE
Broadcast).
The
operators
that
have
run
trials,
and
those
that
have
introduced
services,
have
all
been
using
different
spectrum
bands.
They
have
of
course
been
influenced
by
the
spectrum
assets
they
already
own.
For
instance
Plus
Poland
has
been
using
spectrum
at
1800MHz.
Smart’s
trials
in
the
Philippines
have
been
run
at
2.1GHz.
Nokia’s
trials
with
the
Bavarian
company
Bayerischer
Rundfunk
used
part
of
the
700MHz
band
(Band
28)
which
is
not
yet
used
by
Germany
mobile
operators
for
LTE.
Some
operators
have
used
FDD
and
some
TDD
frequency.
Some
operators
and
vendors
are
pressing
for
the
next
wave
of
digital
dividend
spectrum
to
be
set
aside
for
LTE
Broadcast.
Forecasts
for
service
availability
Based
on
interviews
with
operators
and
vendors,
public
statements
about
deployment
plans,
and
research
with
members
of
the
GSA
readership,
we
have
forecast
the
availability
of
LTE
Broadcast
services.
Figure
14:
Forecasts
for
global
LTE
Broadcast
subscriber
coverage
By
the
end
of
2020
we
expected
LTE
Broadcast
coverage
(i.e.
the
number
of
people
with
access
to
LTE
Broadcast
services
within
some
locations
in
their
country)
to
be
reaching
nearly
2
billion
people.
This
does
not
match
geographic
coverage
–
which
will
be
much
lower
than
that
for
other
LTE
services
because
LTE
Broadcast
is
unlikely
in
the
near
future
to
be
deployed
across
most
or
all
of
any
given
network.
It
will
be
deployed
where
the
need
is
greatest,
or
where
users
are
most
found
(i.e.
it
will
be
deployed
in
those
cells
for
which
it
makes
economic
sense).
Evidence
from
our
research
suggests
there
will
be
a
small
number
of
anchor
business
cases
for
the
deployment
of
LTE
Broadcast.
In
most
markets
these
will
be:
• ‘Stadium’
services
• Mobile
TV
services
(linear
and
live)
• Pre-­‐download
content
services.

24.
In
selected
instances
emergency
service
network
projects
are
expected
to
drive
initial
deployments.
Once
LTE
Broadcast
has
been
deployed
in
an
area
to
support
one
service,
the
business
case
for
deploying
additional
services
will
be
much
easier
to
prove,
so
we
anticipate
multiple
LTE
Broadcast
service
types
to
emerge
in
activated
networks.
Forecasts
for
global
service
provider
revenue
The
following
section
provides
forecasts
for
potential
global
revenue
from
a
number
of
LTE
Broadcast
services
between
2016
and
2020.
The
services
modelled
are
those
for
which
we
can
envisage
a
reasonable
prospect
of
consumers
paying
extra
to
receive
the
services
concerned
(though
the
business
case
does
not
depend
on
this).
We
have
not
modelled
other
market
opportunities
where
the
cost
of
services
would
be
funded
by
other
parties
-­‐
for
instance
the
government
or
public
sector,
or
advertisers,
or
enterprise
customers
seeking
to
improve
the
services
they
provide
to
customers,
or
the
network
operators
themselves.
However,
we
expect
the
potential
revenue
from
these
services
to
be
significant
for
many
operators.
We
have
tested
propensity
to
buy
the
modelled
services
with
a
group
of
UK
mobile
phone
users,
and
have
used
the
data
from
this
survey,
and
other
research,
to
guide
the
forecasts.
The
forecasts
make
the
following
assumptions.
Many
services
will
either
be
provided
free
of
charge
by
the
network
operators
in
order
to
sustain
user
experience
and
to
contain
network
capacity
usage;
or
they
will
be
provided
as
part
of
a
large
service
bundle
with
the
revenue
from
the
LTE
Broadcast
essentially
indistinguishable
from
other
data
services
revenue.
(KT
in
South
Korea,
for
instance,
already
provides
mobile
TV
using
LTE
Broadcast,
with
the
service
provided
as
an
element
of
its
service
bundle
for
higher
paying
customers.)
Only
a
subset
of
customers
will
be
prepared
to
pay
extra
for
LTE
Broadcast
services.
We
have
modelled
the
extra
revenue
that
can
be
captured
from
those
customers
willing
to
spend
a
little
more.
Paying
customers
will
pay
only
a
small
percentage
on
top
of
their
existing
spend
to
access
services.
We
have
assumed
a
typical
premium
of
5%-­‐10%,
varying
by
country
and
service
type.
The
total
user
base
is
limited
by:
a) Availability
of
LTE
Broadcast
services.
We
have
assumed
more
services
will
start
to
become
available
from
2016,
with
the
proportion
of
LTE
networks
offering
some
element
of
LTE
Broadcast
service
rising
to
nearly
40%
by
the
end
of
2020.
b) Availability
of
LTE
Broadcast
capable
devices.
We
have
assumed
that
services
will
be
offered
on
smartphones,
tablets,
specialised
home
gateway
/
set-­‐top-­‐box
devices,
and
some
dongles.
c) We
have
assumed
that
service
revenues
will
be
partially
additive.
In
other
words,
some
customers
will
buy
more
than
one
service
–
either
explicitly
or
as
part
of
a
bundle.
Not
all
customers
will
buy
all
services.

25.
Figure
15:
LTE
Broadcast
–
global
forecast
for
incremental
mobile
service
revenue,
selected
services
to
2020
We
forecast
the
total
market
for
the
five
LTE
Broadcast
services
modelled
will
reach
around
$14
billion
globally
by
the
end
of
2020.
Although
that
seems
large,
the
figure
only
amounts
around
a
1.5%
uplift
on
total
global
mobile
revenues.
We
would
expect
revenue
from
LTE
Broadcast
services
to
become
more
important
in
subsequent
years.
There
is
also
considerable
upside
in
the
form
of
revenue
generated
from
advertising
(not
counted
here)
and
revenue
generated
through
two-­‐sided
business
models
(i.e.
charging
content
providers
for
delivery
of
their
content
via
LTE
Broadcast
to
ensure
a
better
user
experience,
but
not
charging
end
customers).

26.
Business
case
for
deployment
of
LTE
Broadcast
services
As
our
research
above
shows,
operators
are
in
the
process
of
exploring
the
business
case
for
eMBMS.
The
following
section
provides
an
overview
of
the
types
of
issues
that
operators
need
to
consider
when
they
are
preparing
their
business
cases.
It
then
works
through
the
business
case
for
deployment
of
a
subset
of
services
within
a
hypothetical
operator’s
network
(broadly
based
on
Western
European
costs
and
ARPUs).
Business
case
checklist
Operators
thinking
through
the
case
for
LTE
Broadcast
must
consider
a
wide
range
of
factors.
The
following
checklist
identifies
some
of
the
most
crucial
elements
of
the
business
case
and
talks
through
how
we
deal
with
them
in
the
subsequent
business
case
example.
Factor
to
consider
Details
Business
model
Operators
considering
the
introduction
of
LTE
Broadcast
can
choose
from
a
wide
range
of
business
models.
Operators
might
choose
to
charge
explicitly
for
some
LTE
Broadcast
services;
some
services
might
be
bundled
in
as
components
within
premium
subscription
deals;
some
might
be
advertising
or
sponsorship
funded;
some
might
simply
be
offered
free
in
order
to
save
network
capacity
(cost)
or
to
improve
user
experience.
The
business
cases
will
be
different
under
each
of
these
scenarios.
In
this
paper
we
have
considered
the
scenario
in
which
operators
explicitly
charge
for
LTE
Broadcast
services.
Primary
research
we
have
undertaken
suggests
there
is
a
significant
minority
that
will
pay
what
they
consider
to
be
a
reasonable
fee
for
services
based
on
LTE
Broadcast.
It
is
instructive
to
analyse
whether
these
customers
alone
can
justify
the
cost
of
LTE
Broadcast
investment.
Content
availability
Where
an
operator
is
planning
to
introduce
a
mobile
TV
service
to
stream
one
or
more
channels
of
linear
or
live
TV
direct
to
end
user’s
devices,
or
to
offer
content
pre-­‐downloads,
one
of
the
critical
factors
in
the
business
case
is
the
cost
of
acquiring
the
content.
Some
mobile
operators
planning
mobile
TV
services
using
eMBMS
belong
to
larger
corporate
groups
that
also
encompass
broadcasters,
or
other
content
providers
/
owners.
Our
analysis
of
the
business
case
for
introducing
LTE
Broadcast
considers
three
scenarios:
1. Where
operators
already
own
the
content
and
distribution
rights
2. Where
content
ownership
resides
within
related
group
companies
and
the
operator
shares
revenue
from
the
sales
of
that
content
on
a
50:50
basis
3. Where
the
operator
must
acquire
the
content
from
third
parties.
As
there
is
a
large
range
of
potential
scenarios
and
business
models,
for
simplicity’s
sake,
we
have
assumed
the
operator
would
enter
a
revenue
share
agreement
and
retain
33%
of
the
sales
of
the
content.
Availability
of
content
will
also
have
a
significant
impact
on
the
time-­‐to-­‐
market
that
can
be
achieved
by
a
mobile
operator.
Creation
of
content
and
acquisition
of
content
rights
is
a
complex
and
time
consuming
activity.
Those
with
existing
internal
expertise
will
be
able
to
get
to
market
much
faster.
Those
with
existing
capabilities
probably
also
have
access
to
a
library
of
resources
they
might
choose
to
use,
thereby
saving
time.

27.
RAN
status
The
capabilities
of
an
operator’s
RAN
will
have
a
significant
impact
on
the
business
case.
If
an
operator
is
ordering
a
new
LTE
network
anyway,
the
cost
of
having
LTE
Broadcast
capability
included
within
the
initial
specification
is
almost
irrelevant.
In
other
circumstances
the
RAN
must
be
upgraded
–
for
instance
to
include
the
MBMS-­‐CE
and
to
support
synchronization
if
that
is
not
already
included.
If
an
operator
can
upgrade
the
RAN
with
software
upgrades
the
cost
is
less
significant
than
if
new
hardware
is
required
(for
instance
to
support
new
spectrum
bands,
or
where
new
cards
must
be
added).
Core
costs
As
described
above,
operators
wishing
to
deploy
LTE
Broadcast
services
will
need
to
invest
in
several
new
network
functions
for
the
core
network.
These
include
the
MBMS
Gateway;
the
BM-­‐SC,
encoding
and
caching
equipment.
Although
these
costs
are
not
enormous
in
the
context
of
the
whole
business
case,
they
nonetheless
represent
a
significant
value.
Our
business
case
assumes
a
capex
cost
of
$11
million
for
a
European
tier
one
network.
Cost
of
network
Even
where
the
operator
has
a
brand
new
network,
fully
capable
of
delivering
LTE
Broadcast
services,
the
business
case
must
still
factor
in
the
cost
of
setting
aside
a
significant
proportion
of
the
total
network
capacity
for
the
sole
provision
of
LTE
Broadcast
(either
on
a
profile-­‐driven
basis,
or
once
MOOD
is
available,
on-­‐demand).
The
business
analysis
here
assumes
that
the
operator
is
delivering
numerous
channels
of
HD
mobile
live
and
linear
TV,
and
so
must
set
aside
a
substantial
percentage
of
its
spectrum
capacity
to
deliver
services.
We
have
assumed
up
to
60%
of
all
the
network
capacity
in
eMBMS
active
cells
is
set
aside
for
LTE
Broadcast
during
peak
traffic
periods,
with
an
average
of
40%
of
capacity
dedicated
to
LTE
Broadcast
across
the
whole
day.
(The
model
assumes
the
operator
has
20MHz
of
LTE
capacity.)
Availability
and
cost
of
attractive
LTE
Broadcast
capable
handsets
Operators
will
need
to
consider
the
availability
of
attractive,
cost
effective
LTE
Broadcast
capable
handsets.
Our
model
makes
the
assumption
that
these
are
widely
available.
There
is
likely
to
be
a
cost
for
enabling
the
eMBMS
capability
in
the
chipset,
and
for
installing
the
middleware
which
will
either
have
to
be
assumed
by
the
handset
vendor
or
the
operator.
We
have
assumed
this
is
less
than
$0.5
per
handset.
Backhaul
costs
In
some
markets
operators
will
need
to
add
extra
backhaul
to
cope
with
the
distribution
of
the
content
to
towers
–
particularly
where
LTE
Broadcast
is
used
for
delivery
of
numerous
HD
TV
channels.
In
other
instances,
use
of
LTE
Broadcast
will
reduce
pressure
on
backhaul
by
replacing
multiple
unicast
streams
with
a
single
broadcast
stream.
We
have
assumed
that
no
backhaul
upgrades
are
required
for
the
purposes
of
this
model.
Cell
site
coverage
Operators
will
need
to
consider
how
much
of
their
network
should
be
LTE
Broadcast-­‐enabled.
This
decision
will
be
influenced
by
the
services
they
choose
to
offer.
A
stadium-­‐based
service
has
an
obvious
geographic
focus.
Mobile
TV
services
or
content
pre-­‐download
services,
or
implementations
designed
to
reduce
spectrum
usage
(unicast
to
multicast
offload)
will
need
to
be
made
available
in
areas
where
there
is
a
denser
concentration
of
urban
users.
Vendors
also
report
that
LTE
Broadcast
works
less
well
where
cell
towers
are
further
apart
(>5km)
due
to
signal
propagation
and
synchronization
challenges.
It
may
also
be
unnecessary
to
enable
all
cell
sites
within
a
local
area
with
LTE
Broadcast
in
order
to
provide
good
coverage.
The
business
case
modelled
here
assumes
half
of
the
operator’s
cell
sites
have
LTE
Broadcast
enabled
-­‐
roughly
enough
to
cover
most
urban
and
suburban
areas.

28.
Service
implementation
business
case
-­‐
revenues
The
business
case
we
have
modelled
involves
a
hypothetical
operator
with
about
one-­‐third
share
of
a
market
of
60
million
subscribers.
It
offers
three
paid
services
–
mobile
TV,
stadium
TV
and
content
pre-­‐downloads.
The
model
is
not
explicit
about
how
the
fee
is
charged
(it
could
be
based
on
a
daily
rate
for
usage,
could
be
a
subscription
add-­‐on,
or
could
be
an
allocated
a
proportion
of
the
revenue
of
a
premium
package
including
other
service
elements).
Take-­‐up
rates
as
a
percentage
of
the
customer
base
rise
over
five
years
to
the
following
figures:
• Mobile
TV
–
25%
of
its
own
customer
base
• Stadium
TV
–
13%
of
its
own
customer
base
• Content
pre-­‐downloads
–
26%
of
its
own
customer
base.
These
assumptions
have
been
informed
by
survey
feedback.
We
have
assumed
ARPU
uplifts
of
between
12%
and
14.5%
(again
based
on
analysis
of
the
survey
results).
We
have
modelled
three
scenarios:
one
in
which
the
operator
retains
the
whole
fee
paid
by
the
customer,
and
two
others
in
which
it
retains
either
50%
or
33%
of
the
revenue
under
content-­‐based
service
revenue-­‐share
arrangements.
The
outputs
are
shown
in
Figures
16
and
17.
Figure
16:
LTE
Broadcast
–
hypothetical
business
case
revenues
By
the
end
of
year
five
the
operator
is
generating
revenues
of
nearly
US$675
million
per
year,
keeping
between
US$222
million
and
the
full
value
of
that
revenue.
This
shows
how
important
the
content
acquisition
arrangements
are
for
the
business
case.
We
have
modelled
a
revenue
share
arrangement
as
it
is
simpler
for
the
purposes
of
this
model
than
a
wholesale
purchase
cost,
or
the
cost
for
the
operator
to
produce
content
itself.