Growth Requirements of different microbes Growth Requirements of virus Growth Requirements of bacteria Growth Requirements of algae Growth Requirements of protozoa Growth Requirements of virus with optimum temperature Growth Requirements of bacteria with optimum conditions Growth Requirements of algae with optimum nutrition

1. Microbes Growth Requirements
Group No.07

2. Different microbes have different growth
requirements, which are necessary for
their survival and replication.

3. Some of the key growth
requirements of various
microbes are:
● Nutrients
● Temperature
● pH
● Oxygen
● Light
● Water
● Salinity

4. Nutrients
All microbes require nutrients to
grow, including carbon, nitrogen,
sulfur, phosphorus, and various
trace elements.

5. Temperature
Microbes have different
temperature requirements for
growth, depending on whether they
are psychrophilic (cold-loving),
mesophilic (moderate-temperature-
loving), or thermophilic (heat-
loving).

6. pH
Microbes have different pH
requirements for growth, with some
preferring acidic conditions and
others preferring alkaline
conditions.

7. Oxygen
Some microbes require oxygen for
growth (aerobes), while others
cannot grow in the presence of
oxygen (anaerobes), and still,
others can grow in the presence or
absence of oxygen (facultative
anaerobes).

8. Water
Microbes require water for growth,
and some are more resistant to
desiccation (drying out) than others.

9. Light
Some microbes require light for
growth, while others can grow in the
dark.

10. Salinity
Some microbes can grow in high
salt concentrations, while others
cannot.

11. Bacteria
Temperature: mesophilic bacteria grow best at temperatures between 20-45°C, while thermophilic
bacteria grow best at temperatures above 45°C.
pH: most bacteria grow best at neutral pH (around 7), although some can grow in acidic or alkaline
conditions.
Oxygen: some bacteria require oxygen to grow (aerobic), while others cannot tolerate oxygen
(anaerobic), and some can grow in either condition (facultative anaerobes).
Nutrients: bacteria require a source of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and other micronutrients to
grow.
Example:
E. coli, grows optimally at 37°C under aerobic conditions, although it is a facultative anaerobe and can
therefore grow under anaerobic conditions

12. Examples with optimum conditions
1. Bacillus thuringiensis - optimum temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius,
optimum light is dark, optimum CO2 is 0,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
nitrogen and phosphorus.
2. Escherichia coli - optimum temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius, optimum light
is dark, optimum CO2 is 0,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are nitrogen and
phosphorus.
3. Pseudomonas fluorescens - optimum temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius,
optimum light is dark, optimum CO2 is 0,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
nitrogen and phosphorus.

13. Fungi
Temperature: most fungi grow best at temperatures between 20-30°C.
pH: most fungi grow best in slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 5-7).
Oxygen: most fungi are aerobic.
Nutrients: fungi require a source of carbon, nitrogen, and other micronutrients to
grow.
Example
Most yeasts require an abundance of oxygen for growth,

14. Examples with optimum conditions:
1. Aspergillus oryzae - optimum temperature is 30-35 degrees Celsius, optimum
light is dark, optimum CO2 is 5,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are nitrogen and
phosphorus.
2. Neurospora crassa - optimum temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius, optimum
light is dark, optimum CO2 is 5,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are nitrogen and
phosphorus.
3. Schizosaccharomyces pombe - optimum temperature is 30-35 degrees Celsius,
optimum light is dark, optimum CO2 is 5,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
nitrogen and phosphorus.

15. Protozoa
Temperature: most protozoa grow best at temperatures between 20-30°C.
pH: most protozoa grow best in slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 7).
Oxygen: most protozoa are aerobic.
Nutrients: protozoa require a source of carbon, nitrogen, and other
micronutrients to grow.
Example:
Paramecia need a food source, such as bacteria, and a place to live, such as
water.

16. Examples with optimum conditions:
1. Amoeba proteus - optimum temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, optimum light is
dark, optimum CO2 is 10,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are carbon and
nitrogen.
2. Chilomonas paramecium - optimum temperature is 25 degrees Celsius,
optimum light is dark, optimum CO2 is 10,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
carbon and nitrogen.
3. Euglena gracilis - optimum temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, optimum light is
dark, optimum CO2 is 10,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are carbon and
nitrogen.

17. Archaea
They are extremophiles that grow in very harsh environments. They have a variety
of growth requirements, including temperature, pH, and salt concentration.
Archaea are like bacteria, but they have different structures and properties.

18. Examples with optimum conditions:
1. Halobacterium - pH 8-10, salt concentration of 10-30%, and an optimum
temperature of 37 degrees Celsius.
2. Pyrococcus - pH 5-9, salt concentration of 0-5%, and an optimum temperature
of 80 degrees Celsius.
3. Sulfolobus - pH 2-3, salt concentration of 2-10%, and an optimum temperature
of 80 degrees Celsius.

19. Algae
1. Temperature - algae grow best at temperatures between 18 and 30 degrees
Celsius, although some species can tolerate temperatures up to 45 degrees
Celsius.
2. Light - algae need light to photosynthesize. The intensity and duration of light
exposure will vary depending on the species of algae.
3. CO2 - algae need CO2 to grow. The level of CO2 required will vary depending
on the species of algae.
4. Nutrients - algae need nutrients to grow. The level of nutrients required will vary
depending on the species of algae.
5. Water - algae need water to grow. The level of water required will vary

20. Examples with optimum conditions:
1. Chlorella - optimum temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius, optimum light is
bright light, optimum CO2 is 2,000-10,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
phosphorus and nitrogen.
2. Dunaliella - optimum temperature is 20-30 degrees Celsius, optimum light is
bright light, optimum CO2 is 2,000-10,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
nitrogen and potassium.
3. Spirulina - optimum temperature is 25-35 degrees Celsius, optimum light is
medium-high light, optimum CO2 is 2,000-10,000 ppm, and optimum nutrients are
nitrogen and phosphorus.

21. Viruses
Viruses require a host cell to replicate and cannot grow outside of a host
cell.Viruses are like photocopiers, they can make lots of copies of themselves
once they are inside a host.
Example:
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Influenza virus.

22. Examples with optimum conditions:
1. HIV - optimum temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, optimum pH is 7.4, optimum
salt concentration is 0.9%, and optimum CO2 concentration is 5,000 ppm.
2. Influenza virus - optimum temperature is 33 degrees Celsius, optimum pH is
7.5, and optimum CO2 concentration is 5,000 ppm.
3. SARS virus - optimum temperature is 28 degrees Celsius, optimum pH is 7.4,
and optimum CO2 concentration is 5,000 ppm.