2. REPORTERS:
MARK IVAN BORJA
JAMES BENEDICT LASALA JR.
KYLA MAE DADAP
CHRIZEL JEAN CASINO
JHESA DOMINGO
JEANRE BORBE
JOANA MAE BONITA
3. aNDRES BONIFACIO
is the founder and organizer of the Katipunan, was born in Tondo
then a part of the Province of Manila on November 30, 1863. His
parents were Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro. Andres grew
up in the slums and never knew the benefits of a prosperous life. He
had three brothers and two sisters: Ciriaco, Procopio, Esperidiona,
Troadio and Maxima. Andres studied the alphabet in a school
conducted by Gulliermo Osmena of Cebu.
4. The foundings of Katipunan
The news of Rizal’s deportation shocked and surprised the people, for rizal
to them was the symbol of freedom:
*July 7,1892> Andres Bonifacio, Valintin Diaz, Teodoro Plata,
Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and few others met secretly at house on
Azcarraga (now Claro M. Recto Avenue) .
*They decided to form an association called Kataastaasan
Kagalanggalangan na Katipuinan nang mga anak ng bayan, or Katipunan
for short.
*They perform the ancient blood compact, and signed their
membership papers with their own blood.
5. The Katipunan Objectives
THREE FUNDAMENTAL OBJECTIVES OR AIMS
*The political objectives consisted in working for the separation
of the Philippines from spain.
*The moral objectives revolved around the teaching of good
manners, hygiene, good morals, and attacking obscurantism, religious
fanticism, and weakness of character.
*II. The civic aim revolved around the principle of self-help and
the defence of the poor and the oppressed.
6. The Structures of Katipunan
A study of the procedure and structure of the
Katipunan
Influenced by masonry, insofar as initiation rites
were concerned, and
By Rizal's La Liga Filipina as to organization.
7. La Liga Filipina
founded by Jose Rizal to carry out the campaign
reforms ever materialized. The failure of the reform
movement made most Filipinos realize that the only
way to achieve reform was through the use of arms. On
the other hand, Andres Bonifacio believe that the
independence of the Filipino people could only be
achieved through revolution. inspired by such an idea,
he organized a revolutionary society called the
Katipunan.
8. Three Governing Bodies
1. Kataas-taasang Sangunian (supreme council)
2. Sangguniang Bayan (provincial council)
3. Sangguniang Balangay (popular council)
Kataas-taasang Sangunian
Was the highest governing body of the society
and was composed of;
● President(supremo)
● Fiscal
● Secretary
● Treasurer
● Comptroller/ interventor
9. The sangguniang Bayan- administered the provinces and
sangguniang Balangay- was the Lowest and was in charge of the
town or municipalities . Each of these had a council similar to
that of the supreme council.
Sangguniang Hukuman (judicial council)
It sat as a court of justice to pass judgement on any member who
violated the rules of the society or to mediate between
quarrelling brethren or factions.
During its existence Judicial Council had not passed the death
sentence on any members
However, a secret chamber involving Bonifacio, Jacinto and
Valenzuela sentenced some members to be expelled for having
allegedly violated the secrets of society.
10. In October 1892 Bonifacio convened the original members
because the triangle method of taking in members was so slow
and clumsy so he decided to change the method of recruiting
members.
Officers of the first Supreme Council
Deodato Arellano ………. President (supremo)
Andres Bonifacio ………. Comptroller
Ladislao Diwa ………….. Fiscal
Teodoro Plata ………….. Secretary
Valentin Diaz …………… Treasurer
11. In October 1892 Bonifacio convened the original members
because the triangle method of taking in members was so slow
and clumsy so he decided to change the method of recruiting
members.
Officers of the first Supreme Council
Deodato Arellano ………. President (supremo)
Andres Bonifacio ………. Comptroller
Ladislao Diwa ………….. Fiscal
Teodoro Plata ………….. Secretary
Valentin Diaz …………… Treasurer
12. February 1893, Bonifacio, disgusted over Arellano's inaction , deposed him
and put Roman Basa in his place as Supremo.
Officers of the second Supreme Council
Roman Basa …………… President (supremo)
Andres Bonifacio ………. Fiscal
Jose Turiano Santiago … Secretary
Vicente Molina ………….. Treasurer
Briccio Pantas
Restituto Javier
Teodoro Plata Councilors
Teodoro Gonzales
Lidislao Diwa
13. When, early in 1895, Bonifacio realized that Roman Basa was an
ineffectual as Deodato Arellano, he called meeting of the society
and promptly deposed Basa.
Andres Bonifacio ………… Supremo
Emilio Jacinto ……………. Fiscal
Jose Turiano Santiago …. Secretary
Vicente Molina …………… Treasurer
Pio Valenzuela …………… Physician
Pantaleon Torres
Aguedo del Rosario Councilors
Doroteo Trinidad
14. On December 31, 1895, another election to the supreme council was held, with
the following officers:
Andres Bonifacio ………. Supremo
Pio Valenzuela …………. Fiscal and Physician
Emilio Jacinto ………….. Secretary
Vicente Molina …………. Treasurer
Enrique Pacheco
Pantaleon Torres
Balbino Florentino Councilors
Francisco Carreon
Hermenegildo Reyes
15. Eight months later, in August 1896, immediately before the discovery of the
Katipunan, the fifth and last Supreme Council took its oath of office.
Elected were:
Andres Bonifacio ………… Supremo
Emilio Jacinto ……………. secretary of State
Teodoro Plata ……………. secretary of War
Briccio Pantas …………… secretary of Justice
Aguedo del Rosario …….. secretary of Interior
Enrique Pacheco………… secretary of Finance
Immediately before the outbreak of the revolution, therefore, Bonifacio
organized the Katipunan into a government revolving around a "cabinet"
composed of men of his confidence.
16. Kinds of Membership
Recruitment of members to the Katipunan
Very strict and selective
Merely, those who passed the extensive and difficult test were admitted
.
Every member swore to carry on the objectives of the Katipunan to
keep it always a secret and to follow it's rules without questions
and by sealing it, they signed their oath by their own blood
Each member choose his own pseudonym which he used everytime he
attended a meeting of the katipunan .
For instance; Andres Bonifacio "May pag-asa"
Artemio Ricarte "Vibora"
Emilio Jacinto "Pingkian"
Pseudonym used to evade arrest and to protect their families from all
sorts of harassment
17. Triangle method
Used on recruiting members
In which original member would recruit two members who did
not know each other but only knew the original member who
took them in.
The method however abandoned on December 1892 when it
became apparent that it was not as effective way of recruiting
more members.
Later, anybody who was interested in joining the society was
accepted provided he past the test and oath to keep the secrets of
the Katipunan
18. Grades of membership
Divided into 3 grade
Katipon (members)
- wore a black hoods in the meeting of society. It had a triangle of white ribbon inside of which were the
letter Z . Ll. B., The Katipunan characters corresponding to the Roman A. ng B., Meaning Anak ng Bayan.
- Password: Son of the People
Kawal (soldier)
- green hood with a triangle considering of white lines. At the three angles of the triangle were the letters
Z. Ll. B. Suspended from the neck of the kawal was a green ribbon with a medal at the end which the letter k
in the ancient Tagalog script (imagebelow) appearing in the middle of the medal. Beneath the letter K was the
crossed sword and flag.
- password: GOM-BUR-ZA
Bayani (patriot)
-Wore a red mask and sash with green borders symbolizes courage and hope. The font of the mask had
white borders that formed a triangle with the three k's arrange as if occupying the angles of triangle within a
triangle at the latter's base were the letter Z. Ll. B. In horizontal row. Thus;
K
K K
Z. Ll. B.
- Password: RIZAL
19.
20. For the members to recognize each other in the street , the
society adopted countersigns: a member meeting another
member place the palm of his right hand on the breast and as he
passed the other member he closed his hand , bringing the index
finger and the thumb together .
The katipon could graduate to the kawal class if he had brought
several members into the society, while the kawal could become a
bayani upon being elected an officer of the society.
21. The Katipunan Codes
The Katipunan members faced many dangers, so that precautions
had to be taken to keep the society secret. To maintain the secrets
of their communications, Bonifacio evolved a system of writing
that would make it difficult, if not possible to Spanish authorities
to discover the existence of the society. Several codes were made,
the first of which was the following:
26. In the last two codes, letter a was
suppressed when preceded by a consonant,
and in lieu of ang ,ng ,at, kung and sa the
numbers 1,2,3,4 and 5 respectively
substituted.
27. The Flags of katipunan
With the Katipunan now well organized Bonifacio turned
his attention to the symbol of its authority. Upon his
request, Benita Rodriguez, with the help of Gregoria de
Jesus, Bonifacio’s wife, made a flag. It consisted of a
rectangular piece of clothe with 3 white K’s arranged
horizontally at the center. This was the first official of the
society.
28. But some members of Katipunan had their flag with the 3 K’s
arranged in the form of a Triangle.
29. Bonifacio himself had a personal flag which consisted of a red
rectangular piece of cloth at the center of which has a white sun
with an indefinite number of rays. Below the sun were the three
K’s arranged horizontally.
30. Thus, General Mariano Llanera use a black banner with a skull
above two cross bones and the letter K ,all in white.
So different was this banner that humorously called it “Llanera’s
skull”.
31. Still Another flag was that of General Pio del Pilar which
consisted of an equilateral triangle with a K at each angle inside
a triangle was a mountain with the sun rising behind it.
32. When the revolution Flared up, Magdalo faction of the
Katipunan in Caviute adopted a flag consisting of a red
rectangular banner with a white circle, with an idefinite number
of rays .
Later on the rays of the sun were limited to eight to represent
the eight provinces which first took up arms against the
Spaniards.
This flag became the first official banner of the revolutionary
forces and it was blessed in a mess celebrated at Imus.
33. In the Naik assembly on March 17, 1897, the Katipunan military
leaders decided to adopt a flag with a new design. It consisted of
a red rectangular cloth with a white sun rays in the middle. The
sun was the mythological sun with eyes, eyebrows, nose and
mouth.
This flag superseded the flag of Magdalo faction and became the
first official flag of the Filipino. It became the symbol of the
Filipino nationality until the signing of the Truce of Biyak-na-
Bato on December 14-15, 1897, when it was hauled down from
the pole of the revolutionary headquarters at Biak-na-Bato.
34. The teachings of the Katipunan
Teaching of the katipunan
Author’s Background
—He was born December 15, 1875.
—Son of Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon.
—Emilio Jacinto Written the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
—Jacinto was only 18 years old when he joined the movement.
—Emilio became the secretary of the one who reports directly to the
leader of the Katipunan.
—He was also referred to as the “Utak ng Katipunan”.
—He was a law student at the universided de Santo Tomas.
35. The teachings of Katipunan- realizing the importance of a primer
to indocrinate the members of the society in its ideals, Jacinto
prepared one which he called KARTILLA, a word adopted from
the Spanish kartilla which at the time meant a primer for Grade
school students. The kartilla consisted of thirteen "teachings"
which the members of the society were expected to follow the
primer follows:
I--›Life which I not consecrated to a lofty and sacred cause is like a
tree without a shadow, if not a poisonous weed.
II--›A good deed that springs from a desire for personal profit and not
from a desire to do good is not kindness.
III--›True greatness consists in being charitable, in loving one’s fellow-
men and in adjusting every movement, deed and word to true reason
(Honesty)
IV--›All men are equal, be the color of their skin black or white. One
may be superior to another in knowledge, wealth, and beauty, but
cannot be superior in being. (equality).
36. V--›He who is noble prefers honor to personal gains; he who is mean
prefers personal profit to honor.
VI--›To a man with sense of shame, his word is inviolate. (true to his
words)
VII--›Don’t fritter away time; lost riches may be recovered, but time lost
will never come again.
VIII--›Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. (doing what is
right)
IX--›An intelligent man is he who is cautious in speech and knows how
to keep the secrets that must be guarded.
X--›In the thorny path of life, man is the guide of his wife and children;
if he who guides moves toward evil, they who are guided likewise move
toward evil.
XI--›Think not of a woman as a thing merely to while away time with,
but as a helper and partner in the hardships of life. Respect her in her
weakness, and remember the mother who brought you into this world
and who cared for you in your childhood.
37. XII--›What you don’t want done to your wife, daughter, and
sister, do not do to the wife, daughter, and sister of another.
XIII--›The nobility of a man does not consist in being a
king, nor in the highness of the nose and the whiteness of
the skin nor in being a priest representing God, nor in the
exalted position on this earth but pure and truly noble is he
who, though born in the woods, is possessed of an upright
character, who is true to his words; who has dignity and
honor; who does not oppress and does not help those who
oppress; who knows how to look after and love the land of
his birth.
38. When the doctrines spresd and the sun of beloved liberty shines
with brilliant effulgence on theses unhappy isles and sheds its
soft rays upon the united people and brothers in everlasting
happiness, the lives, labors, and sufferings of those who are gone
shall be more than recompensed.
Bonifacio, in his Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z. LI. B. (The
Duties of the Sons of the People), laid down the rules to be
followed strictly by all members of the society. The rules
constitute a decalogue.
I. Love God with all your heart.
II. Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of
Country, and this, too, is love of one’s fellow men.
39. III. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and
happiness is to die for the freedom of your country.
IV. All your good wishes wil be crowned with success if you have
serenity, constancy, reason and faith in your acts and endeavor.
V. Guard the mandates and aims of the K.K.K. as you guard your
honor.
VI. It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives
and wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of
his duty.
VII. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our
duties will be the example set for our fellow-men to follow.
VII. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with
the poor and the unfortunate.
IX. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true
basis of love – love for your own self, for your wife and children,
and for your brothers and countrymen.
40. X. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good work.
Believe, likewise, that the aims of the K.K.K. are God-given for
the will of the people is also the will of God.
41. WOMEN CHAPTER OF KAtiPUNAN
Bonifacio’s idea of expanding the membership of Katipunan led him,
first to do away with the triangle method of recruiting new members
and second to the formation of the Women chapter. Doubtless Bonifacio
knew that the strength of a society with purposes such as those of the
Katipunan lay in members. Consequently in the middle of 1893, soon
after the marriage, he opened the door of society to patriotic and
scrupulous women who had the virtue to keep their tongues in place. To
be sure that no women of dubious character could penetrate the deep
secrets of the society. They were limited to only the wives, daughters,
and relatives of the members of the Katipunan, they served as the
watch during meetings of the Katipunan.
42. OFFICERS
PRESIDENT: JOSEFA RIZAL
V-PRESIDENT: GREGORIA DE JESUS
SECRETARY: MARINA DIZON
FISCAL: ANGELICA RIZAL LOPEZ
43. JOSEFA RIZAL
Born in Calamba, Laguna, Philippine on 1865. she breaks
both stereotypes of women and handicap, and was elected
as the president of the katipunan’s women’s chapter, where
she took on the appellation”sumikat”. Also a convert to
freemasorry, she promoted ideas of liberalism through the
LOGIA DE ADOPCION .
44. GREGORIA DE JESUS
Was born in may 9, 1875 in Caloocan city. She was the lakambini of the
Philippine revolution, married katipunan founder Andres Bonifacio, and
was leading members of the secret society as well as the keeper of its
official seal, funds and documents.
45. MARINA DIZON
Elected secretary of the Katipunan women’s chapter along
with Josefa Rizal, Gregoria de Jesus, and angelica Lopez.
She burned the records to prevent them from falling into
Spanish hands, and she served as the keeper of documents.
46. THE KATIPUINAN NEWSPAPER
step taken by the Katipunan to propagate its teachings and to win more
adherents to its side was the establishments of a printing press.
DIFFICULTY ENCOUNTERED
Lack of sufficient funds to purchase a small printing press.
Adequate enough to meet the needs of the society.
FORTUNATELY TWO KATIPUNEROS FROM VISAYAS
CANDIDO IBAN
FRANCISCO DEL CASTILLO >Who came back from Australia in
1895,had one thousand pesos between them for having won, in the
lottery.
With a magnificent gestures, the two bought the small printing press of
bazar EL Cisne
And it is located in Carriedo in Rizal avenue.
47. Owner Antonio Salazar which agreed to part with his
press four hundred pesos.
The press was transferred to Andres Bonifacio’s house
-in Oroquita street near Zurbaran.
With a proud conscience .
IBAN and DEL CASTILLO- Return to Kalibo, Kapiz –
to spread doctrines of Katipunan.
The Printing press lacked many types particularly the
letter a, the much – employed letter in Tagalog.
48. JACINTO was much interested in the press ,borrowed twenty pesos
from his mother and he bought some types from Isabelo delos Reyes, a
great Filipino nationalist.
The facilities of the press were inadequate, for other types were lacking
and without them no printing job could be done.
The problem was solved by the Katipuneros employed at the printing
establishment of the popular Daily Diario de Manila. They stole types
from the printing plant of this Spanish owned periodical them to Dr. Pio
Valenzuela.
49. The printing press was moved to his place he of residence at the no.35
{until recently No.408} Lavezares street, San Nicolas a place found
convenient for the printing of porposed oragan of the society to manage the
press.
VALENZUELA – asked the help of Ulpiano Fernandez, a printer in the
printing plant of the daily EL Comercio, and FAUSTINO DUQUE, a
student of San Juan de letran.
Valenzuela suggested the name Kalayaan for the society’s organ and
Jacinto and Bonifacio approved it. However it was Jacinto be made its
editor but that the name of Marcelo del Pilar as the editor.
It was also agreed that to fool the Spanish authorities as to the place of
YOKOHAMA should be placed on the masthead for weeks, day and night
Valenzuela ,Duque and Fernandez took the turns preparing the pages of
the Kalayaan, which was approximately nine by twelve inches in size two
thousand copies of the first number, dated January 18,1896, were printed
the hard way the paper actually came out in mid-march.
50. The first number contained a supposed editorial of del pilar which, in fact
Jancito wrote. It greeted the people and wished them solidarity and
independence and offered them his life and all he had for good of the Filipino
people.
By Jacinto, Valenzuela’s Catuiran? [Is it Right ] which described the cruelties
of the Spanish priest and civil guards of San Francisco Del Monte [now in
Quezon City] on helpless village lieutenant, Jacinto’s manifesto which urged
the Filipinos to revolt against the Spaniard to secure their liberty, Bonifacio’s
poem Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan [love of country], and a sprinkling of news.
BONIFACIO-wrote under their pen names: Dimas-Ilaw, for Jacinto Agap-ito
Bagumbayan, for Bonifacio; and Madlang –Away, for Valenzuela.
The copies of the first number were secretly distributed in Manila, Cavite,
Morong [now Rizal province], Kalookan, Malabon, and other places.Encouraged
by success of this initial number, Jacinto began to prepare a second number
which would contain nothing but his works.
51. Authorities who had suspected the periodical to be in or around Manila, raided
the place where the paper was being printed, which was then at No.6[until
recently No.712] Clavel Street, San Nicolas. But before the authorities could lay
hold of the press, Duque and Fernandez had already destroyed it. Then the two
separated, never to meet again. The second number. Therefore, did not come
out.
52. The expansion of katipuNAN
THE AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE KALAYAAN WITH ITS
INCINDIARY CONTENTS IMMEDIATELY INFLUENCE THE
THINGKING AND FEELING OF THE MASSES IN CENTRAL
LUZON. AT THE END OF MARCH 1896 WHEN THE 2000 COPIES
OF THE PERIODICAL HAD BEEN DISTRIBUTED FAR AND WIDE
HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE NIGHTLY ( JOINED THE KATIPUNAN IN
THE TOWNS OF SAN JUAN DEL MONTE , SAN FELIPE NERI,
PASIG, PATEROS, MARIQUINA, KALOOKAN, MALABON AND
OTHER PLACES. THE PEOPLE BECAME AWARE OF THEIR
RIGHTS AND DUTIES TO THEIR COUNTRY. THE KATIPUNAN
ALSO EXTEND TO THE PROVINCE OF BULAKAN, BATANGAS,
CAVITE, NUEVA ECIJA, PAMPANGA AND LAGUNA. FROM THE
FOUNDING OF THE SOCIETY JANUARY 1, 1896 IT DID NOT
HAVE 300 MEMBERS BUT SINCE THE APPEAREANCE OF THE
AKLAYAAN THE MEMBERSHIP HAD INCREASED TO AROUND
30,000.
