This document summarizes the contents of a presentation on the book "Negotiating Outcomes" by various authors. It discusses key concepts from each chapter such as different types of negotiations, the nine steps to a deal, cognitive traps, and tools for negotiating outcomes. It also includes sample multiple choice questions to test understanding and outlines a skit demonstrating negotiations to obtain a business loan.
Negotiation is aimed to resolve points of difference, to gain advantage for an individual or collective, or to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. Here you can find new ways to improve your negotiation skills.
Any decision that requires more than one person involves some level of negotiation. We all negotiate as part of our jobs, but few of us have consciously thought through negotiation strategies. At this program you’ll learn a step-by-step process for approaching any negotiation, leaving you better prepared to create outcomes that meet the interests of all parties.
Effective negotiators must have several key skills, including the ability to analyze problems to understand each party's interests, thoroughly prepare for negotiations by determining goals and alternatives, and actively listen to understand areas for compromise. They must also maintain emotional control during difficult negotiations and clearly communicate their position. Negotiators should foster collaboration, seek solutions that benefit all parties, and make timely decisions to avoid stalemates. Strong interpersonal skills, ethics, and reliability are also important for building trust between negotiators.
Negotiation Skills - How to Win More - More Often, in both your personal and business life. This comprehensive presentation will get you kick started and give you the knowledge, tools and techniques to Win More - More Often.......guaranteed.
This document provides strategies and tactics for negotiation skills. It discusses making connections with others by showing respect. High aspirations are important for negotiation - aiming high in initial offers correlates with better outcomes regardless of skill. "No" can be a powerful negotiation tool when used respectfully. Analyzing one's bargaining power and focusing on expanding opportunities rather than dividing a fixed pie are keys to achieving win-win agreements. Listening well to understand interests and find joint gains is emphasized.
This document discusses various aspects of effective negotiation strategies and tactics. It outlines different negotiation styles like integrating, obliging, dominating, and compromising. It also lists assumptions that should be made before negotiating, such as both parties having needs to be met, avoiding a win-lose philosophy, issues being potentially negotiable, and considering the other person's needs. The document defines principled negotiation as deciding issues based on merits rather than positions, and focuses on separating people from problems, interests over positions, inventing mutual gain options, and using objective criteria. It concludes with questions for discussion about negotiation styles and examples of focusing on interests leading to agreement.
The document discusses negotiation processes, tactics, and styles. It describes the typical stages of negotiation as preparation, discussion, clarifying goals, negotiating towards a win-win outcome, agreement, and implementing the agreed upon course of action. Several common negotiation tactics are also outlined such as auctioning, brinksmanship, bogey, and good guy/bad guy. Finally, it identifies five main negotiation styles: accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, competing, and compromising.
This document summarizes the contents of a presentation on the book "Negotiating Outcomes" by various authors. It discusses key concepts from each chapter such as different types of negotiations, the nine steps to a deal, cognitive traps, and tools for negotiating outcomes. It also includes sample multiple choice questions to test understanding and outlines a skit demonstrating negotiations to obtain a business loan.
Negotiation is aimed to resolve points of difference, to gain advantage for an individual or collective, or to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. Here you can find new ways to improve your negotiation skills.
Any decision that requires more than one person involves some level of negotiation. We all negotiate as part of our jobs, but few of us have consciously thought through negotiation strategies. At this program you’ll learn a step-by-step process for approaching any negotiation, leaving you better prepared to create outcomes that meet the interests of all parties.
Effective negotiators must have several key skills, including the ability to analyze problems to understand each party's interests, thoroughly prepare for negotiations by determining goals and alternatives, and actively listen to understand areas for compromise. They must also maintain emotional control during difficult negotiations and clearly communicate their position. Negotiators should foster collaboration, seek solutions that benefit all parties, and make timely decisions to avoid stalemates. Strong interpersonal skills, ethics, and reliability are also important for building trust between negotiators.
Negotiation Skills - How to Win More - More Often, in both your personal and business life. This comprehensive presentation will get you kick started and give you the knowledge, tools and techniques to Win More - More Often.......guaranteed.
This document provides strategies and tactics for negotiation skills. It discusses making connections with others by showing respect. High aspirations are important for negotiation - aiming high in initial offers correlates with better outcomes regardless of skill. "No" can be a powerful negotiation tool when used respectfully. Analyzing one's bargaining power and focusing on expanding opportunities rather than dividing a fixed pie are keys to achieving win-win agreements. Listening well to understand interests and find joint gains is emphasized.
This document discusses various aspects of effective negotiation strategies and tactics. It outlines different negotiation styles like integrating, obliging, dominating, and compromising. It also lists assumptions that should be made before negotiating, such as both parties having needs to be met, avoiding a win-lose philosophy, issues being potentially negotiable, and considering the other person's needs. The document defines principled negotiation as deciding issues based on merits rather than positions, and focuses on separating people from problems, interests over positions, inventing mutual gain options, and using objective criteria. It concludes with questions for discussion about negotiation styles and examples of focusing on interests leading to agreement.
The document discusses negotiation processes, tactics, and styles. It describes the typical stages of negotiation as preparation, discussion, clarifying goals, negotiating towards a win-win outcome, agreement, and implementing the agreed upon course of action. Several common negotiation tactics are also outlined such as auctioning, brinksmanship, bogey, and good guy/bad guy. Finally, it identifies five main negotiation styles: accommodating, avoiding, collaborating, competing, and compromising.
This document discusses negotiation skills and strategies. It provides the vision and mission statements of Essar Offshore Subsea Ltd, which is to be the most preferred solution provider in shallow and deep water construction while delivering value consistently to customers, employees and stakeholders.
The document defines negotiation as drawing up deals that create lasting value and discusses how it involves dealing with differences. It outlines different types of negotiation including distributive, which is a win-lose approach, and integrative, which is a cooperative win-win approach. Key concepts in negotiation like BATNA, reservation price, and ZOPA are also explained.
Different negotiation styles like accommodating, compromising, avoiding, and collaborating are presented based
9 Field-Tested, No-Fail Strategies To Help You Succeed In Your Next Negotia...Christopher Voss
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved giving either the new drug or a placebo to 100 volunteers aged 65-80 over a 6 month period. Testing showed those receiving the drug experienced statistically significant improvements in short-term memory retention and processing speed compared to the placebo group.
This document provides an overview of a negotiation skills workshop presented in 10 modules. Module 1 introduces negotiation concepts and workshop objectives. Module 2 covers different types of negotiations and phases. Module 3 discusses preparation, including establishing BATNA and WATNA. Module 4 covers setting the negotiation framework. Modules 5-7 outline the three phases of negotiation: exchanging information, bargaining, and closing. Module 8 focuses on reaching consensus and agreement. Module 9 addresses difficult negotiation tactics. Module 10 discusses informal negotiations outside the boardroom. Case studies are provided throughout to illustrate negotiation concepts.
Negotiation is a process of communication between two or more parties to influence each other and reach an agreement. It can involve compromise to benefit both sides. There are two main types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which focuses on fixed resources and competitive goals, and integrative negotiation which aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes through problem solving and addressing underlying interests. Key factors for successful negotiation include thorough planning, understanding different perspectives, ensuring the right stakeholders are represented, and finding possible compromises.
The document discusses negotiation skills and provides information on:
1) The definition and origins of the word "negotiation" from Latin meanings related to business.
2) Negotiation involves communication between interdependent parties to reach agreements on differing needs or ideas.
3) Negotiation is used in many contexts from family, personal, academic, and business situations.
This document provides an overview of negotiation skills and strategies. It defines negotiation as communication between parties aiming to reach agreement while addressing both shared and opposing interests. The document outlines key aspects of negotiation including defining interests rather than positions, preparing by understanding goals, alternatives and the relationship, and focusing on integrative rather than distributive negotiations to find win-win solutions. It also discusses barriers to negotiation and provides tips for improving skills such as listening, understanding different communication styles, asking questions strategically, and thorough preparation.
Danny struggled to work synergistically in groups, instead thinking himself the best. After starting to listen to others and using everyone's talents, his group projects became more creative, good-looking, and faster. Synergy requires valuing differences and keeping an open mind to new ideas to achieve results greater than the sum of individual efforts. Negative synergy wastes time and leads to subpar outcomes.
Meaning:
The best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) is the course of action that a party engaged in negotiations will take if talks fail, and no agreement can be reached. A party's BATNA refers to what a party can fall back on if a negotiation proves unsuccessful. It exists when negotiations are not agreeable to the parties involved.
BATNA means “Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement.” This is your alternate plan when the talks start to wobble out of control. It can also be your trump card to make the deal happen to your advantage. Having your BATNA prepared can also enable you to walk away from the deal altogether.
Wherever (commercial) deals are made, negotiation takes place as well. It’s not always easy for both parties to come out feeling like the winner. In order to get to an actual win-win situation, it’s a good idea to work towards a BATNA.
The document outlines the 5 typical steps of a mediation process: 1) the mediator's opening statement to set expectations, 2) parties' opening statements to understand issues, 3) narrowing issues and setting an agenda, 4) exploring options to meet interests, and 5) finalizing a written agreement. Each step includes goals, typical actions, and mediator tasks to guide constructive dialogue between parties and resolve conflicts.
A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties that creates obligations. The key elements of a valid contract are offer and acceptance, lawful consideration, capacity and consent of the parties, a lawful object, and certainty. Contracts can be express, implied, oral, or written. An agreement is a broader term that refers to a mutual understanding between parties, but it may lack elements like consideration that are necessary for a contract to be legally enforceable. While contracts create legal obligations, agreements are not always legally binding and can be changed by either party.
The document discusses negotiation strategies and types. It defines negotiation as a win-win process involving two or more parties seeking agreement through mutual adjustment to resolve conflicts. Negotiation can involve compromise, collaboration, and pressure. The document contrasts integrative negotiation, which is a cooperative, win-win process, with distributive negotiation, which is a competitive, win-lose process. It also discusses planning strategies for negotiation and a dual concern model for strategic negotiation.
The document discusses various aspects of negotiation including:
1) It describes negotiation as a give-and-take decision making process between two or more parties with different preferences that aims to reach an agreement.
2) Several negotiation skills, concepts, types, processes, tactics and behaviors are outlined such as preparation, exploration, creating movement, and closing. Integrative bargaining that seeks joint gains is emphasized.
3) Key concepts like BATNA, ZOPA and various negotiation tactics like highballing, lowballing, bluffing are defined to understand different approaches in negotiation.
What is Negotiation?
Features of Negotiation
Why Negotiate ?
Types of Negotiation
Distributive Vs Integrative Negotiation
Negotiation Process
BATNA
Bargaining Zone Model of Negotiation
Negotiating Behavior
Issues in Negotiation
Third party Negotiations
How to achieve an Effective Negotiation
Negotiation Tips
This document provides guidance on developing negotiation skills. It discusses that negotiation involves parties working towards agreement while having conflicting interests. Good preparation, understanding each side's strengths and weaknesses, and selecting an appropriate strategy are emphasized. A win-win integrative approach where parties cooperate to find shared value is preferable to a win-lose distributive approach. Developing one's best alternative if no agreement is reached (BATNA) impacts negotiating power. Different roles like factual, relational, intuitive and logical negotiators are outlined. Key elements of successful negotiations include understanding interests, options, alternatives and the relationship between parties.
The document discusses the features of a good negotiator. It lists qualities like perseverance, experience, intelligence, integrity, charm, patience, flexibility, and an open mind. It also provides steps for becoming a great negotiator, which include preparing extensively, paying attention to details, leaving your ego behind, improving listening skills, asking for what you want, anticipating compromise, and getting commitment from the other party.
This document provides an overview of negotiation skills. It defines negotiation as a process involving two or more interdependent parties seeking to reach an agreement. The document outlines different types of negotiation including distributive and integrative negotiation. It discusses concepts like BATNA and the bargaining zone model. It also identifies skills needed for effective negotiation like preparation, listening, and the ability to persuade others. Overall, the document gives a high-level introduction to key concepts and strategies involved in negotiation.
Your clients (be they individuals or in-house counsel) will appreciate you putting your best foot forward in the mediation process. It can save you client valuable money and resources.
The document provides advice on how to negotiate effectively even when the other side seems more powerful. It discusses that negotiation power depends on the context and situation, not just resources. It suggests focusing on developing a good relationship, understanding interests, inventing creative options, using standards of fairness, having a strong BATNA, and making commitments. The key message is that the way one negotiates can make a big difference and there are strategies to enhance negotiating power through preparation and how one approaches the negotiation.
1. The document discusses the problems that arise from positional bargaining in negotiations. Positional bargaining focuses on arguing over positions which can produce unwise agreements, is inefficient, and endangers ongoing relationships.
2. It introduces the method of principled negotiation which involves separating the people from the problem by dealing with interests rather than positions. This means understanding differing perceptions and putting yourself in the other side's shoes to reduce conflict and find mutually beneficial agreements.
3. Key aspects of principled negotiation are discussing perceptions, looking for opportunities to change perceptions through inconsistent actions, giving the other side a stake in the outcome, and making proposals consistent with their values and face-saving needs.
This document discusses negotiation skills and strategies. It provides the vision and mission statements of Essar Offshore Subsea Ltd, which is to be the most preferred solution provider in shallow and deep water construction while delivering value consistently to customers, employees and stakeholders.
The document defines negotiation as drawing up deals that create lasting value and discusses how it involves dealing with differences. It outlines different types of negotiation including distributive, which is a win-lose approach, and integrative, which is a cooperative win-win approach. Key concepts in negotiation like BATNA, reservation price, and ZOPA are also explained.
Different negotiation styles like accommodating, compromising, avoiding, and collaborating are presented based
9 Field-Tested, No-Fail Strategies To Help You Succeed In Your Next Negotia...Christopher Voss
The document discusses the results of a study on the effects of a new drug on memory and cognitive function in older adults. The double-blind study involved giving either the new drug or a placebo to 100 volunteers aged 65-80 over a 6 month period. Testing showed those receiving the drug experienced statistically significant improvements in short-term memory retention and processing speed compared to the placebo group.
This document provides an overview of a negotiation skills workshop presented in 10 modules. Module 1 introduces negotiation concepts and workshop objectives. Module 2 covers different types of negotiations and phases. Module 3 discusses preparation, including establishing BATNA and WATNA. Module 4 covers setting the negotiation framework. Modules 5-7 outline the three phases of negotiation: exchanging information, bargaining, and closing. Module 8 focuses on reaching consensus and agreement. Module 9 addresses difficult negotiation tactics. Module 10 discusses informal negotiations outside the boardroom. Case studies are provided throughout to illustrate negotiation concepts.
Negotiation is a process of communication between two or more parties to influence each other and reach an agreement. It can involve compromise to benefit both sides. There are two main types of negotiation: distributive negotiation which focuses on fixed resources and competitive goals, and integrative negotiation which aims to find mutually beneficial outcomes through problem solving and addressing underlying interests. Key factors for successful negotiation include thorough planning, understanding different perspectives, ensuring the right stakeholders are represented, and finding possible compromises.
The document discusses negotiation skills and provides information on:
1) The definition and origins of the word "negotiation" from Latin meanings related to business.
2) Negotiation involves communication between interdependent parties to reach agreements on differing needs or ideas.
3) Negotiation is used in many contexts from family, personal, academic, and business situations.
This document provides an overview of negotiation skills and strategies. It defines negotiation as communication between parties aiming to reach agreement while addressing both shared and opposing interests. The document outlines key aspects of negotiation including defining interests rather than positions, preparing by understanding goals, alternatives and the relationship, and focusing on integrative rather than distributive negotiations to find win-win solutions. It also discusses barriers to negotiation and provides tips for improving skills such as listening, understanding different communication styles, asking questions strategically, and thorough preparation.
Danny struggled to work synergistically in groups, instead thinking himself the best. After starting to listen to others and using everyone's talents, his group projects became more creative, good-looking, and faster. Synergy requires valuing differences and keeping an open mind to new ideas to achieve results greater than the sum of individual efforts. Negative synergy wastes time and leads to subpar outcomes.
Meaning:
The best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) is the course of action that a party engaged in negotiations will take if talks fail, and no agreement can be reached. A party's BATNA refers to what a party can fall back on if a negotiation proves unsuccessful. It exists when negotiations are not agreeable to the parties involved.
BATNA means “Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement.” This is your alternate plan when the talks start to wobble out of control. It can also be your trump card to make the deal happen to your advantage. Having your BATNA prepared can also enable you to walk away from the deal altogether.
Wherever (commercial) deals are made, negotiation takes place as well. It’s not always easy for both parties to come out feeling like the winner. In order to get to an actual win-win situation, it’s a good idea to work towards a BATNA.
The document outlines the 5 typical steps of a mediation process: 1) the mediator's opening statement to set expectations, 2) parties' opening statements to understand issues, 3) narrowing issues and setting an agenda, 4) exploring options to meet interests, and 5) finalizing a written agreement. Each step includes goals, typical actions, and mediator tasks to guide constructive dialogue between parties and resolve conflicts.
A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more competent parties that creates obligations. The key elements of a valid contract are offer and acceptance, lawful consideration, capacity and consent of the parties, a lawful object, and certainty. Contracts can be express, implied, oral, or written. An agreement is a broader term that refers to a mutual understanding between parties, but it may lack elements like consideration that are necessary for a contract to be legally enforceable. While contracts create legal obligations, agreements are not always legally binding and can be changed by either party.
The document discusses negotiation strategies and types. It defines negotiation as a win-win process involving two or more parties seeking agreement through mutual adjustment to resolve conflicts. Negotiation can involve compromise, collaboration, and pressure. The document contrasts integrative negotiation, which is a cooperative, win-win process, with distributive negotiation, which is a competitive, win-lose process. It also discusses planning strategies for negotiation and a dual concern model for strategic negotiation.
The document discusses various aspects of negotiation including:
1) It describes negotiation as a give-and-take decision making process between two or more parties with different preferences that aims to reach an agreement.
2) Several negotiation skills, concepts, types, processes, tactics and behaviors are outlined such as preparation, exploration, creating movement, and closing. Integrative bargaining that seeks joint gains is emphasized.
3) Key concepts like BATNA, ZOPA and various negotiation tactics like highballing, lowballing, bluffing are defined to understand different approaches in negotiation.
What is Negotiation?
Features of Negotiation
Why Negotiate ?
Types of Negotiation
Distributive Vs Integrative Negotiation
Negotiation Process
BATNA
Bargaining Zone Model of Negotiation
Negotiating Behavior
Issues in Negotiation
Third party Negotiations
How to achieve an Effective Negotiation
Negotiation Tips
This document provides guidance on developing negotiation skills. It discusses that negotiation involves parties working towards agreement while having conflicting interests. Good preparation, understanding each side's strengths and weaknesses, and selecting an appropriate strategy are emphasized. A win-win integrative approach where parties cooperate to find shared value is preferable to a win-lose distributive approach. Developing one's best alternative if no agreement is reached (BATNA) impacts negotiating power. Different roles like factual, relational, intuitive and logical negotiators are outlined. Key elements of successful negotiations include understanding interests, options, alternatives and the relationship between parties.
The document discusses the features of a good negotiator. It lists qualities like perseverance, experience, intelligence, integrity, charm, patience, flexibility, and an open mind. It also provides steps for becoming a great negotiator, which include preparing extensively, paying attention to details, leaving your ego behind, improving listening skills, asking for what you want, anticipating compromise, and getting commitment from the other party.
This document provides an overview of negotiation skills. It defines negotiation as a process involving two or more interdependent parties seeking to reach an agreement. The document outlines different types of negotiation including distributive and integrative negotiation. It discusses concepts like BATNA and the bargaining zone model. It also identifies skills needed for effective negotiation like preparation, listening, and the ability to persuade others. Overall, the document gives a high-level introduction to key concepts and strategies involved in negotiation.
Your clients (be they individuals or in-house counsel) will appreciate you putting your best foot forward in the mediation process. It can save you client valuable money and resources.
The document provides advice on how to negotiate effectively even when the other side seems more powerful. It discusses that negotiation power depends on the context and situation, not just resources. It suggests focusing on developing a good relationship, understanding interests, inventing creative options, using standards of fairness, having a strong BATNA, and making commitments. The key message is that the way one negotiates can make a big difference and there are strategies to enhance negotiating power through preparation and how one approaches the negotiation.
1. The document discusses the problems that arise from positional bargaining in negotiations. Positional bargaining focuses on arguing over positions which can produce unwise agreements, is inefficient, and endangers ongoing relationships.
2. It introduces the method of principled negotiation which involves separating the people from the problem by dealing with interests rather than positions. This means understanding differing perceptions and putting yourself in the other side's shoes to reduce conflict and find mutually beneficial agreements.
3. Key aspects of principled negotiation are discussing perceptions, looking for opportunities to change perceptions through inconsistent actions, giving the other side a stake in the outcome, and making proposals consistent with their values and face-saving needs.
The document discusses the importance of establishing a bottom line and best alternative to a negotiated agreement (BATNA) when negotiating. It recommends:
1) Setting a bottom line before negotiating to avoid making unwanted concessions;
2) Developing your BATNA by considering other options if negotiations fail, to strengthen your bargaining position;
3) Understanding the other party's BATNA to help guide your negotiation strategy. Establishing a bottom line and having a strong BATNA protects your interests and allows you to make the most of your negotiating power.
This document outlines three approaches for dealing with difficult negotiations: principled negotiation, negotiation jujitsu, and one-text mediation. Principled negotiation involves separating people from problems, focusing on interests rather than positions, generating options, and using objective criteria. Negotiation jujitsu recommends not rejecting, defending, or counterattacking the other party, but instead understanding their interests and considering their positions as alternatives. One-text mediation uses a trained mediator to simplify the decision-making process by identifying interests, reducing decisions needed for agreement, and having the parties critique and improve a written list.
This document discusses strategies for negotiating by focusing on interests rather than positions. It recommends identifying interests by asking why each side has taken their position and putting yourself in their shoes. Interests represent needs, desires, concerns and fears, while positions are ways to satisfy interests. The document provides examples for having a structured discussion about each side's interests, including making interests concrete and acknowledging the other side's interests as part of the problem. The overall message is that negotiating interests instead of positions can lead to more successful outcomes.
This document discusses strategies for negotiating by focusing on interests rather than positions. It recommends identifying interests by asking why each side has taken their position and putting yourself in their shoes. Interests represent needs, desires, concerns and fears, while positions are ways to satisfy interests. The document provides tips for having a constructive discussion about interests, such as acknowledging the other side's interests, being specific about your own interests, and looking to the future rather than arguing about the past.
1. Positional bargaining may make sense if the issues are not complex, maintaining relationships is not important, and the parties do not expect principled negotiation. It is generally better later in negotiations after identifying interests.
2. When parties have different fairness standards, it is better to consider multiple standards and focus on those most relevant and widely accepted, rather than taking arbitrary positions. Using external standards and fair procedures can help resolve differences.
3. One should consider carefully before taking more than seems fair, as it could damage the relationship and reputation. Any unfair advantage may not last if seen as unjust by the other party.
2. Questions About Fairness and “Principled”
Negotiation
1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
2 What if the other side believes in a different standard
of fairness?
3 Should I be fair if I don't have to be?
3. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
Positional bargaining is easy and
people often do it.
In contrast, using the principled
negotiation will take more hard
work when the other side seems
recalcitrant, emotional restraint
and maturity.
Whether it is worth the extra
effort?
4. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
1.1 How important is it to avoid an arbitrary outcome?
• One factor to consider in choosing a negotiating approach is how much
you care about finding an answer to the problem that makes sense on the
merits.
• The stakes would be much higher if you were negotiating over the
foundations for an office building than those for a tool shed.
• They will also be higher if this transaction will set a precedent for future
transactions.
5. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
1.2 How complex are the issues?
The more complex the subject
matter, the more unwise it is to
engage in positional bargaining.
6. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
1.3 How important is it to maintain a good working
relationship?
you
valued
customer
or client
• negotiation is better
• not mean you should be less
persistent in pursuing your
interests
• avoiding tactics which involve a
high risk of damage to the
relationship.
7. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
1.3 How important is it to maintain a good working
relationship?
you
stangers
• positional bargaining is better
• transaction costs of exploring
interests would be high
• each side is protected by
competitive opportunities
8. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
1.4 What are the other side's expectations, and how hard
would they be to change?
• In positional bargaining, each side
sees the other as "the enemy" and
ignores the enormous costs of strikes,
lockouts, and bad feelings.
• Even parties that would like to change
often find it hard to change yourselfs
in practice.
9. 1 Does positional bargaining ever make sense?
1.5 Where are you in the negotiation?
• Bargaining over positions does the
least harm if it comes after you have
identified each other's interests,
invented options for mutual gain,
and discussed relevant standards of
fairness.
10. 2 What if the other side believes in a different
standard of fairness?
• In most negotiations there will be
no one "right" or "fairest"
answer.
• Usually one standard will be
more persuasive than another to
the extent that it is more directly
on point, more widely accepted,
and more immediately relevant in
terms of time, place and
circumstance.
11. 2 What if the other side believes in a different
standard of fairness?
1. An outcome informed even by conflicting standards of fairness
and community practice is likely to be wiser than an arbitrary result.
2. It is easier to agree to follow a principle or independent standard
than to give in to the other side's positional demand.
3. Unlike arbitrary positions, some standards are more persuasive
than others.
2.1 Using external standards improves on haggling in three ways
12. 2 What if the other side believes in a different
standard of fairness?
2.2 Agreement on the "best" standard is not necessary.
• Negotiators have different
standards.
• Criteria is just one tool.
• When it is difficult to argue
persuasively that one standard is
more applicable than another →
Resorting to fair procedures to
settle the remaining differences.
13. 3 Should I be fair if I don't have to be?
• How to get what you are entitled
to while still getting along with
the other side.
• When you have an opportunity to
get more than you think would be
fair, not take it without careful
thought.
• Weigh the possible benefits
against the potential costs of
accepting the windfall.
14. 3.1 How much is the difference
worth to you?
• Weigh this benefit against the risk
of incurring some of the costs ,
and then consider whether there
might not be better options.
• It would also be wise to consider
how certain you are of these
potential benefits.
3.2 Will the unfair result be
durable?
• If the other side later concludes
that an agreement is unfair, they
may be unwilling to carry it out.
• There is no value in a tentative
agreement, if the other side
repudiates it before it becomes
final.
• If the other side concludes that
you are untrustworthy, the cost
may not be limited to this
agreement.
3 Should I be fair if I don't have to be?
15. 3.3 What damage might the
unfair result cause to this or
other relationships?
• How likely is it that you will find
yourself negotiating with this
same party again?
• How about your reputation with
other people, especially your
reputation for fair dealing?
• A well-established reputation for
fair dealing can be an
extraordinary asset.
3.4 Will your conscience bother
you?
• Are you likely later to regret the
agreement, believing that you
took unfair advantage of someone?
3 Should I be fair if I don't have to be?
16. About Dealing with people
Q4: “What do I do if the people are
the problem?”
17. 4.1 Do not separate the people form the problem.
• Human propensity for defensive and reactive behavior, people problems
are one concern or the main focus of your negotiation.
4.2 Build a working relationship independent on agreement
or disagreement.
• The more seriously you disagree with someone, the more important is
that you are able it deal well with the disagreement.
• Do not: making substantive concession
pretending the disagreement do not exist
threatening the relationship
18. 4.3 Substantive issues need to be disentangle
form relationship and process issues.
Substantive issues Relationship issues
Terms Balance of emotion and reason
Conditions Ease of communication
Prices Degree of trust and reliability
Dates Attitude of acceptance (or rejection)
Numbers Relative emphasis on persuasion (or coercion)
Liabilities Degree of mutual understanding
19. • A good working relationship tends to make it easier to
get good substantive outcomes (for both side)
• Good substantive outcome tends to make a good
relationship ever better.
• Our point is that you should not give in for the
purpose of trying to improve a relationship.
20. 4.4 Negotiate the relationship
• Negotiate on their merits.
• Raise your concerns about the other side’s behavior and
discuss them.
• Avoid judging them or impugning their motivation.
• Explain your perceptions and feelings and inquire into
others.
• Propose extend standers or fair principles to determine how
you should deal with each other.
• Frame your discussion as looking forward, not back.
• Thought though your BATNA.
21. 4.5 Distinguish how you treat them and how they
treat you.
• No need to emulate unconstructive behavior.
• Our behavior should be designed to model and encourage
the behavior we would prefer, and to avoid any reward for
the behavior we dislike.
22. 4.6 Deal rationally with apparent irrationality
• People often act impulsively, or treat without careful
though.
• How should we do?
• Recognize that while people often do not negotiate rationally,
it is worth trying to yourself.
• Question your assumption that others are acting irrationally,
perhaps they see the situation differently.
“It is the perception that is skewed, not
the response to that perception.”
23. The question you face is not whether to
negotiate, but how .
Q5: “Should I negotiate even with terrorists,
or someone like Hitler? When does it make
sense not to negotiate.”
24. • Negotiate with terrorists?
• The question is whether to do so at a distance by
actions and words, or whether to do so more directly.
• The better the communication, the better your chance
to exert influence.
• Negotiation does not mean giving in.
• Though communication it may be possible to convince terrorists that
they will not receive ransom.
• It may also possible to learn of some legitimate interest they have,
and to work out an arrangement in which neither side gives in.
25. • Negotiate with someone like Hitler?
It depends on the alternative.
Even with someone like Hitler, we should negotiate if negotiation holds the
promise of achieving an outcome that, all things considered, meeting our
interests better than our BATNA.
The violence is intend to change the other side’s BATNA, or their perception of it,
so that they will more readily agree to our terms of peace.
In such cases thinking in negotiation terms in vital, so that we do not neglect to
craft and communicate our offer in ways that we can reasonably except will be
persuasive to the other side.
26. • Negotiate where people are acting of religious
conviction?
• Although people’s religious convictions are unlikely to be
changed through negotiation, the actions they take, even
those based on their convictions, may be subject to influence.
Negotiation does not require compromising your principles.
More often success is achieved by finding a solution that is
arguably consistent with each side’s principles.
27. • When does it make sense not to negotiate?
• Whether it make sense to negotiate and how much effort to put into it
depends on how satisfactory you find your BATNA and how likely you
think it is that negotiation will produce better results.
• To do this analysis, you need to have thought carefully about your
BATNA and the other side’s.
• Don’t assume either that you have a BATNA better than negotiating,
or that you don’t. Think it though. Then decide whether negotiating
make sense.