Successful Leisure Tourism Public Transport

Key Factors for Successful Leisure and
Tourism Public Transport Offers
– some German Experiences

”Transport and Tourist Destinations”
Geography of Leisure and Tourism Research Group
(GLTRG)
Royal Geographic Society
London 31st August to 2nd September 2005

Prof. Dr. A. Kagermeier

University of Paderborn, Germany

Dr. W. Gronau

Intercollege Larnaca, Cyprus

Agenda

1) Leisure and tourism traffic as a continuously
growing transport segment
2) Structural conditions at the supply side for
successful implementations
3) Means of transport affinity as a central
dimension on the demand side
4) Conclusions

Prof. Kagermeier, Paderborn & Dr. Gronau, Larnaca

Successful Leisure & Tourism Public Transport

Leisure & Tourism Traffic: a fast growing Market?
Billion trips

40

40

36


36


36


36


35


35


35

30

30


26


27


26

20

20

10

10

0
1976

1983

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2001

0
2002

Source: DIW 2004


Affinity of Leisure & Tourism Traffic for
Motorized Private Vehicle Traffic

Distances

Trips
9,8%

6,3%

27,7%

4,4%
1,0%

6,3%
3,3%
4,2%

0,01%

6,0%

74,0%
57,1%

foot

bike

bus

train

car

plane
Source: DIW 2004



Supply Side Basic Conditions for Successful
Leisure & Tourism Public Transport Offers
structural precondition:
aiming at choice-riders/non-captives


transparency and quality of the offer
(frequency, direct relations, …)



service quality in the catchment area



Basic Conditions: Quality of the Offer
poor quality

East
Westfalia
(rural)

Dinosaurierpark

good quality – rural
catchment area
Freilichtmuseum

good quality – urban
catchment area

Mensch&Natur

Munich
(urban)

Zoo Hellabrunn
0%

20%

car

40%

bus/train

60%

bike

80%

100%

by foot

Source: own investigations











management of car parking facilities



Basic Conditions: Quality of the Offer
low quality

East
Westfalia
(rural)

Dinosaurierpark

good quality – rural
catchment area
Freilichtmuseum

good quality – urban
catchment area

Mensch&Natur

Munich
(urban)

good quality – urban +
park. management

Zoo Hellabrunn
0%

20%

car

40%

bus/train

60%

bike

80%

100%

by foot















intensive marketing activities
(cooperation / “combined-tickets”)



Role of „combined-tickets“







2/5 of car users know
the ticket
1/3 of combined-ticket
users have a high affinity
to private car use
1/3 of combined-ticket
users could have used
their own car














intensive marketing activities
(cooperation / “combined-tickets”)



slow reaction speed
(2 to 3 years start-up time)



Example of Time-Lag for Inventing new Offers

100%

Frankenwald-mobil
Vulkan-Express

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%
2000

2001

2002

2003

reference basis (100%): year 2003


Conditions on the Demand Side

Prof. Dr. A. Kagermeier

Dr. W. Gronau

University of Paderborn, Germany

Intercollege Larnaca, Cyprus

Leisure Time Connotation of Different Means of
Transport (Medians)
no leisure connotation at all
1

2

3

strong leisure connotation
4

by foot

5

6

7



bike



motor-bike



car



sports car



coach



public transport



train



boat



airplane
1

2

3

no leisure connotation at all

4

5

6


7

strong leisure connotation

Quelle: Fastenmeier, Gstalter & Lehnig 2004, p. 19


Importance of Fun and Function for Transport
Alternatives in Leisure Time by „Mobility Groups“
2

1.5

Fun Importance

1

Calm
Bon Viveurs
-2

-1.5

0.5

0.5

-0.5

-1

Hasty
Individualists

-0.5

1

1.5

Fun-Orientated
Car Enthusiasts

2

Outside-Orientated
Sportlers
Price Conscious Dawdlers

-1

-1.5

Sporty
Enviromentalists
Versatile
Family Persons

-2

Funktion Importance


Connotations for Different Transport Alternatives
in Leisure Time by „Mobility Groups“
2

Car
Public
Transport

OutsideOrientated
Sportlers

1.5

Fun-Orientated
Car Enthusiasts

Hasty
Individualists

1

Fun Factor

Versatile
Family Persons
Price Conscious Dawdlers
Calm
0.5
Outside-Orientated Sportlers
Bon Viveurs
Sporty Enviromentalists
Price Conscious
Versatile
Dawdlers
Family Persons
-2

-1.5

-1

0.5

-0.5

1

1.5

2


Fun-Orientated
Car Enthusiasts

Hasty
Individualists

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

Function Factor



Affinity for Different Transport Alternatives in
Leisure Time by „Mobility Groups“
2

1.5

Public-Transport

1

0.5

Calm
Bon Viveurs
-2

-1.5

-1

1

0.5

-0.5

Versatile
Family Persons

1.5

2

-0.5

Price Conscious
Dawdlers
-1

Outside-Orientated Sportlers
Hasty
Individualists

-1.5

Fun-Orientated
Car Enthusiasts

-2

Car


Influence of „Mobility Groups“ I
(Location Zoo Munich)
Fun-Orientated Car
Enthusiasts

Versatile Family
Persons

Sporty
Enviromentalists
0%

20%

40%

60%

Public Transport


80%

100%

Car


Influence of „Mobility Groups“ II
(Location Therme Erding)
Fun-Orientated Car
Enthusiasts

Versatile Family
Persons

Sporty
Enviromentalists
0%

20%

40%

60%

Public Transport


80%

100%

Car


Market Communication

Quality of the Offer

Success
Factors
for Leisure
& Tourism
Transport

Situation of Motorized Individual Traffic
Catchment Area
Target Group Identification
(nature-, family-, sport-orientated)


We want to thank
you for your
attention
… and are looking
forward to a lively
discussion



offer side basic conditions for successful
leisure & tourism public transport offers











constraints for car use



Role of car-restrictions in combination with
Parkingplace-Management

Rachel:
72 %

Lusen:

P
19 %



Verkehrsmittelbewertung nach Freizeitverkehrsgruppen
Bewertung Spaß
2

MIV
Spaßorientierte
Autofreunde

1.5

ÖV

AußenBewertung Spaß
Eilige
1

orientierte
Individualisten
Sportler
Vielseitige
Preissensible
Familienmenschen
Bequeme
Außenorientierte
Ruhige 0.5
Genießer
Sportlich Umweltbewusste
Sportler
Vielseitige
Preissensible
Sportlich
Bequeme
Umweltbewusste Familienmenschen
1
1.5
-0.5
0.5
-2
-1.5
-1
Ruhige
Genießer
Eilige
Spaßorientierte Individualisten
Autofreunde

Bewertung
Funktion

2

-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2



importance of fun and function for choosing a
mean of transport

importance of having fun

1

0.75

calm “bon viveur”
hasty individualists
0.5

outside
oriented
sportsmen

Spaß

0.25

0

fun orientated
car-enthusiasts
price-conscious
lazily

sporting
environmentally
conscious
versatile
family orientated
0.25

0.5

0.75

1

importance of function


Leisure & tourism traffic: a fast growing market?
Billions person kilometer

500

384


400

300

271
256 


500

390


403


404


407


388 381 400



314


300

200

200

100

100

0
1976

1983

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2001

0
2002

Source: DIW 2004


Influence of „Mobility Groups“ III
(Location Museum Munich)
Fun-Orientated Car
Enthusiasts

Versatile Family
Persons

Sporty
Enviromentalists
0%

20%

40%

60%

Public Transport


80%

100%

Car


Successful Leisure Tourism Public Transport

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