This document discusses several scientists throughout history who contributed to the scientific classification of organisms, including Aristotle, Charaka from India, and John Ray from England. Aristotle was one of the first to classify plants and animals, dividing them into those with and without red blood. Charaka classified around 200 animals and plants in India. John Ray is credited with laying the foundation for scientific classification methods and publishing a book documenting over 18,000 plants, using the term "species" for the first time.