The document provides instructions for writing an essay examining the rise of the polis in ancient Greece during the Archaic Period from 750-500 BC. It asks the writer to discuss how the "8th century revolution" fundamentally changed Greek society and how Athens and Sparta specifically shaped their governments in response. The writer should also consider how these choices influenced the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars in the Classical Period from 500-323 BC. The instructions provide an outline for a three paragraph response discussing the problems created by changes in the Archaic Period, how Athens and Sparta addressed these problems differently, and the results in terms of each city-state's power and influence over major wars.