This document discusses the use of the preposition "by" in English. It provides examples of how "by" is used to indicate who performs an action or how something is done. The structure for using "by" is given as "by + noun". Exceptions for means of transportation like cars, taxis, bicycles and public transport are explained. The differences between using "by" and "with" are outlined. Other uses of "by" to indicate distance and percentage increase are also described. Exercises are included to practice using "by" correctly.

1. UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO
Facultad De Ciencias De La Educación Humanas Y
Tecnologías
English Major
TOPIC:
BY
PROFESSOR:
Mgs. Magdalena Ullauri
STUDENTS’ NAMES:
Jennifer Flores
Lizett Vistin

2. BY
We can use BY to indicate the person responsible who does the activity and to
say how we do something.
Example:
 This song was composed by Schubert.
 The seeds were sown by farmers
 He sends his homework by e-mail.

3. The structure to use by is:
by + noun (whit out the, my or a)
Example:
 She received a call by phone
 Peter felt bad by comment
X He was knocked down by my car
X They can´t get out by the rain
X I was wrong the sum by a number

4. We use in for cars and taxis
Example:
 They don´t go in their car. They go to school in taxi.
 Mary returned back of Quito in her car.

5. We use on for bicycles and public transport
Example:
 We travelled on the train the weekend.
 He is traveling on his bicycle to Baños.

6. By and Whit
Both can be used to say how somebody does
something.
We use by when we say what we do to
get a result.
Example:
 He succeeded by hard work.
 We got them to listen by
shouting.
We use with when we say what we use
to get a result.
Example:
 The boy killed the spider with a
shoe.
 The door must have been opened
whit a key

7. By = Beside
Both means the same, but by is used when there are a small distance and beside is
used when we are next to something.
Example:
 Who's the person sitting by door?
 The doctor is sitting beside the door.

8. Other use of by
Also by is used when we talk about increase of percentage.
Example:
 Janeth´s salary was 250 dollars, it has increased by 100 dollars. Now she has 350
dollars in a month.
 Peter and Jhon had a race over 200 metres. Peter won by about 50 metres.

9. EXERCISES