The document discusses different uses of the word "by" in sentences. It explains that "by" can be used to indicate proximity or location. It can also be used with passive voice sentences to indicate who performs an action. Additionally, "by" can show how an action is performed or the method and means used. Some other uses of "by" covered are to indicate deadlines, measurements, amounts, rates of change over time, and job titles or descriptions.

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CHIMBORAZO
VICERRECTORADO ACADÉMICO
UNIDAD DE PLANIFICACIÓN ACADÉMICA
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN HUMANAS Y
TECNOLOGÍAS
CARRERA IDIOMAS
GRAMMAR VI
PROFESSOR:
Mgs. Magdalena Ullauri
TOPIC: BY
STUDENTS’ NAMES:
JENNIFER FLORES
LIZZET VISTIN

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BY
By is used to indicate proximity. Example:
 Can I sit by you?
 He was standing by me.
 The post office is by bank.
By is used to indicate the person that does something in a passive
voice sentence. Example:
 The microwave was fixed by mechanic.
 The flowers were delivered by postman.
 The branch office was closed by head office.
By is used to indicate an action with a particular purpose. Example:
 You can pass the exam by preparing for it.
 I expressed my feeling toward her by writing a letter.
 She finally broke the record by pure effort.
By is used to indicate a mean or method. Example:
 Please send this package to Russia by airmail.
 I came here by subway.
We use by to talk about a deadline when something will
happen before that time. Example:
 By tomorrow
 By next week
 By six o'clock
 By Wednesday
 By summer

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By is used to show the person or thing that does something.
Example:
 The motorcycle was driven by tiny bald man.
 I'm reading some short stories by Chekhov.
 I felt frightened by anger in his voice.
By is used to show how something is done. Example:
 They travelled across Europe by train.
 He learned English by listening to the radio.
I refuse to live by their rules.
By as a preposition is used to express near or at the side of.
Example:
 A small child stood sullenly by her side.
 He wanted to keep her close by him always.
 The policewoman walked by them without saying a
word.
By is used to show measurements or amounts. Examples:
 Our office floor space measured twelve meters by ten.
 Their wages were increased by 15 percent.
 Freelance workers are paid by hour.
 These phones have sold by thousand (= several thousand
have been sold).

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By is used to say that something increases or changes with
every minute, hour, day, etc. Example:
 The death toll from the hurricane was climbing minute
by minute.
 The credibility of the campaign has deteriorated month
by month.
By is used to describe or show what happens every minute,
hour, etc. Example:
 A minute-by-minute timeline of the incident.
 The book paints a detailed, week-by-week portrait of his
father's illness.
By is used when describing someone's character, job, etc.
Example:
 She is, by nature, a sunny, positive kind of person.
 He's a plumber by trade.
 She was, by profession, a lawyer.