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This document provides examples of rewriting adverb clauses of time and reason as adverb phrases. It shows adverb clauses rewritten as shorter adverb phrases by removing subordinate conjunctions like "while", "before", and "because" and modifying the verbs. Rewriting clauses as phrases makes the writing more concise and reduces complexity. Examples are given of changing clauses like "While they were in Italy" to the phrase "While in Italy".
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Grammar 20 presentation upload
- 2. Reducing Adverb Clauses of Time to Adverb Phrases Adverb Clause Adverb Phrase While they were in Italy, they had trouble. While in Italy, they had trouble. While I was in Italy, they had trouble. When I am traveling, I keep a journal. When traveling, I keep a journal. When Sue is traveling, I keep a journal.
- 3. Changing Adverb Clauses of Time to Adverb Phrases Adverb Clause Adverb Phrase Before we left, we visited Rome. Before leaving, we visited Rome. Before Ann left, we visited Rome. After they (had) investigated, the police identified the killers. After investigating, the police identified the killers. After having investigated, the police identified the killers. When they heard Reg speak, many Italians were moved. When/On/Upon hearing Reg speak, many Italians were moved.
- 4. Changing Adverb Clauses of Time to Adverbial Phrases Adverb Clause Adverbial Phrase While they waited at the hospital, they were deeply troubled. Waiting at the hospital, they were deeply troubled. When they heard the news, they decided what to do. Hearing the news, they decided what to do.
- 5. Changing Adverb Clauses of Reason to Adverbial Phrases Adverb Clause Adverbial Phrase As he saw the guns, he chose to flee. Seeing the guns, he chose to flee. Because they were unable to catch him, the pursuers fired several shots. Being unable to catch him, the pursuers fired several shots. Unable to catch him, the pursuers fired several shots. Because I’ve been to Bari, I hope to return. Having been to Bari, I hope to return. Because I’d been to Bari, I hoped to return. Having been to Bari, I hoped to return. Since they were accused by the police, they had to appear in court. Accused by the police, they had to appear in court.