1. The book examines the Grameen Bank, both the original concept and the remodeled version known as Grameen II. It explores the bank's past, present, and future transitions in great detail.
2. A major theme is crisis, specifically the devastating 1998 floods in Bangladesh that affected over half the population. This crisis caused Grameen Bank to restructure from bottom to top, changing operations for members and employees.
3. Another theme is change. Task forces were created to install new foundations and standardize operations, culminating in the new Grameen II model. This allowed the bank to regain members' respect after the crisis.
This document discusses self-help groups (SHGs) and their role in empowering communities and promoting development, particularly in the fisheries sector. It describes how SHGs work as small, voluntary organizations where members make regular small contributions to a common fund that is then available to members as loans. This helps the economically disadvantaged gain access to capital. The document outlines the structure, goals, advantages and role of SHGs in fisheries development, providing examples of viable microenterprises SHGs can engage in. It concludes that active SHG participation helps address common coastal problems and improve local economies.
The document discusses guidelines for promoting gender equality among partners of Concern Worldwide India. It provides context on CWI's work to reduce poverty and inequality in India. It outlines an equality audit conducted with six partners in Odisha to identify challenges and opportunities to promote equality in organizational systems, management, programs and practices. The audit examined issues like gender inequalities, caste discrimination and marginalization of tribal communities in Indian society, with the goal of helping CWI and partners better include the most vulnerable groups.
Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor. Grameen Bank utilizes a group lending model where individuals receive loans but are jointly liable as members of self-formed groups. This model has proven highly successful with a 98% repayment rate. Over 94% of loans are given to women, empowering them financially and helping one-third of borrowers rise out of poverty. Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in microfinance and efforts to alleviate poverty.
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary organizations can play important roles in fisheries extension and technology transfer. They are aware of local needs and problems and can conduct training, demonstrations, awareness campaigns and information dissemination. They also help form self-help groups that encourage community participation. Fisheries co-management involves resource users, the government and other stakeholders sharing responsibility for management. It aims to sustainably manage resources through empowering fishing communities. Research organizations provide technical guidance for resource assessment and rehabilitation, while extension organizations disseminate information and technologies between stakeholders and researchers.
This document provides a research proposal on self-help groups (SHGs) and women entrepreneurship in India. It introduces SHGs and their role in empowering women and improving their economic status. The problem statement discusses how women have faced oppression and exploitation, but that SHGs have enabled women to gain greater control over resources and decision making. The objectives are to study entrepreneurial activities undertaken by women with SHG loans and how SHGs help develop women entrepreneurs. The methodology proposes a random sample of 4-5 villages in Patna to interview 50-60 women involved in entrepreneurship with SHG support. The literature review summarizes several studies and case studies that found SHGs improved members' incomes, financial stability, and business vent
SELF HELP GROUP: A PATHWAY TOWARDS CREDIT & ECO NOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMENIAEME Publication
n the present era SHG has evolved as one of the tool to get credit facilities, savings and economic impowerment and it is also been considered as need-based programme for alleviation of poverty to the so far neglected target groups (women, poor, deprived etc.) The experience across India and other countries has shown a robust potential of Self help groups to integrate with the development issues thereby significantly impacting the lives of poor
Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Studyijtsrd
Rural development is a very dynamic process which includes in improving the socio-economic, political, environmental, and well-being of the poor people living in rural areas. In India more than 70 percent people living in rural areas, the concept of rural development assume great significance. The Molakalmuru taluk is one of the most backward taluk in Chitradurga district these areas have been facing so many problems like unemployment, poverty, lack of skills, illiteracy, and basic infrastructure health care common trend here. The present study is focused on the Socio-Economic status of Self-Help Group on rural development, and to study impact of Self-Help Group on rural development in Molakalmuru taluk. The present paper it is based on primary and secondary sources of information. Nagesha B | Ajeya G"Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14329.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/14329/role-of-self-help-groups-in-rural-development-a-study/nagesha-b
This document discusses self-help groups (SHGs) and their role in empowering communities and promoting development, particularly in the fisheries sector. It describes how SHGs work as small, voluntary organizations where members make regular small contributions to a common fund that is then available to members as loans. This helps the economically disadvantaged gain access to capital. The document outlines the structure, goals, advantages and role of SHGs in fisheries development, providing examples of viable microenterprises SHGs can engage in. It concludes that active SHG participation helps address common coastal problems and improve local economies.
The document discusses guidelines for promoting gender equality among partners of Concern Worldwide India. It provides context on CWI's work to reduce poverty and inequality in India. It outlines an equality audit conducted with six partners in Odisha to identify challenges and opportunities to promote equality in organizational systems, management, programs and practices. The audit examined issues like gender inequalities, caste discrimination and marginalization of tribal communities in Indian society, with the goal of helping CWI and partners better include the most vulnerable groups.
Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in Bangladesh in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor. Grameen Bank utilizes a group lending model where individuals receive loans but are jointly liable as members of self-formed groups. This model has proven highly successful with a 98% repayment rate. Over 94% of loans are given to women, empowering them financially and helping one-third of borrowers rise out of poverty. Yunus was awarded the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in microfinance and efforts to alleviate poverty.
Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary organizations can play important roles in fisheries extension and technology transfer. They are aware of local needs and problems and can conduct training, demonstrations, awareness campaigns and information dissemination. They also help form self-help groups that encourage community participation. Fisheries co-management involves resource users, the government and other stakeholders sharing responsibility for management. It aims to sustainably manage resources through empowering fishing communities. Research organizations provide technical guidance for resource assessment and rehabilitation, while extension organizations disseminate information and technologies between stakeholders and researchers.
This document provides a research proposal on self-help groups (SHGs) and women entrepreneurship in India. It introduces SHGs and their role in empowering women and improving their economic status. The problem statement discusses how women have faced oppression and exploitation, but that SHGs have enabled women to gain greater control over resources and decision making. The objectives are to study entrepreneurial activities undertaken by women with SHG loans and how SHGs help develop women entrepreneurs. The methodology proposes a random sample of 4-5 villages in Patna to interview 50-60 women involved in entrepreneurship with SHG support. The literature review summarizes several studies and case studies that found SHGs improved members' incomes, financial stability, and business vent
SELF HELP GROUP: A PATHWAY TOWARDS CREDIT & ECO NOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMENIAEME Publication
n the present era SHG has evolved as one of the tool to get credit facilities, savings and economic impowerment and it is also been considered as need-based programme for alleviation of poverty to the so far neglected target groups (women, poor, deprived etc.) The experience across India and other countries has shown a robust potential of Self help groups to integrate with the development issues thereby significantly impacting the lives of poor
Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Studyijtsrd
Rural development is a very dynamic process which includes in improving the socio-economic, political, environmental, and well-being of the poor people living in rural areas. In India more than 70 percent people living in rural areas, the concept of rural development assume great significance. The Molakalmuru taluk is one of the most backward taluk in Chitradurga district these areas have been facing so many problems like unemployment, poverty, lack of skills, illiteracy, and basic infrastructure health care common trend here. The present study is focused on the Socio-Economic status of Self-Help Group on rural development, and to study impact of Self-Help Group on rural development in Molakalmuru taluk. The present paper it is based on primary and secondary sources of information. Nagesha B | Ajeya G"Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Development-A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14329.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/development-economics/14329/role-of-self-help-groups-in-rural-development-a-study/nagesha-b
This document is a research project submitted by Kennedy Nyabwala to Maseno University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The research examines the impact of microfinancing on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Kisumu Central Business District, Kenya. It includes an introduction providing background on microfinancing concepts and the microfinance industry in Kenya. The study aims to determine if local SMEs have obtained loans from microfinance institutions, if loan recipients have repaid as required, and if financing has helped SMEs grow. The significance of the research is recognizing the importance of microfinancing for SME development.
This is an SHG brochure published by Sukarya giving details of the project 'Sathi' - A project of empowerment of undertaken by Sukarya with the support of Charities Aid Foundation India (CAF) and Godfrey Philips India (GPI)
Social Entrepreneur - Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen BankJoshua Tsu
Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide banking services to rural areas and combat poverty. The bank makes small loans called "microcredit" to the poor, especially women, with no collateral required. This allows people to start small businesses and earn more income. Over time, the bank has expanded to reach over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has launched innovative programs like village phones and factory loans to help borrowers increase their earnings. The Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their work to alleviate poverty.
The document provides an overview and background of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It discusses how Grameen Bank was founded by Muhammad Yunus in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor without requiring collateral. The bank loans money primarily to women and has over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has a very high repayment rate of over 97%. The document also outlines the objectives and methodology of a study analyzing borrower satisfaction with Grameen Bank's loan settlement procedures.
Self Help Group (SHG) Movement in India has been recognized as an effective strategy for mobilization and empowerment of rural people, particularly poor women and other marginalized groups.
This document provides an introduction to self-help groups (SHGs) in India. SHGs are informal associations of poor people who come together to improve their living conditions through collective efforts. They are formed to tackle problems related to poverty, illiteracy, lack of skills and access to formal credit that individuals cannot address alone. The goals of SHGs are to build trust between rural poor communities and bankers and encourage banking in hard to reach populations. SHGs function by members contributing small regular savings to a common fund and taking short term loans for economic activities. This empowers women and improves access to financial services, consumption, housing, health and government programs for marginalized groups. However, challenges remain regarding skills development, patriarch
The study examined how emotion recognition is related to race. Sixty-seven participants interacted with a confederate of either their same or different race and then watched videos to identify emotions. The participant's emotional intelligence did not correlate with emotion recognition accuracy. Results showed that interacting with someone of a different racial group improved recognition of anxiety and fear. Recognition accuracy varied by emotion and intensity level depending on the participant and actor's race. Limitations included a small sample size and using acted emotions rather than real interactions. Future research should address equal media representation of criminality across races.
The document analyzes the poster for the thriller film "Gone Girl." It discusses several design elements of the poster and how they relate to the thriller genre and create intrigue for the audience. The main image shows the protagonist from behind holding what seems to be a gun, implying violence and action. Dark colors and lighting create a mysterious atmosphere. Multiple images and elements leave questions unanswered, piquing the audience's interest in the film's storyline. The poster effectively uses genre conventions to entice viewers through an enigmatic presentation of the film's themes and characters.
Pavel Dabrytski - Agile Africa 2015 - Agile Economics - budgets, contacts, ca...IQ Business - agility@IQ
How to budget and capitalise your Agile projects. Interactive posters used in the Agile Africa Conference 2015. Great feedback from the attendees at the conference.
Why use video in your classes? Introduction to some concept or phenomena
Demonstration of problem solving
Illustration of a technique or approach
Inclusion of alternative viewpoints or perspectives
Evaluation of the source (the video content itself)
El documento define un algoritmo como un proceso de estudio y comprensión de un problema para encontrar una solución mediante pasos lógicos y organizados. Explica que los algoritmos son la base de las matemáticas y ayudan a resolver problemas. Distingue entre algoritmo y programa, señalando que un algoritmo incorpora la estructura básica de la computación sin detalles, mientras que un programa incluye detalles específicos para resolver un problema. Además, menciona formas de mejorar el pensamiento algorítmico a través de jue
Este documento introduce los algoritmos y explica brevemente qué es un algoritmo, dando como ejemplo la sucesión de Fibonacci. Luego, describe la importancia de los algoritmos para el almacenamiento, ordenamiento, búsqueda y transferencia de información. Finalmente, resume diferentes concursos y competencias de programación, explicando sus formatos de evaluación y lenguajes admitidos.
O Renascimento Cultural foi um movimento entre os séculos XIII e XVI que marcou a transição da Idade Média para a Idade Moderna na Europa. Os artistas e intelectuais renascentistas expressavam valores humanistas e uma visão de mundo mais dinâmica, voltada para a natureza em oposição ao teocentrismo medieval. A arte renascentista valorizava a perspectiva, proporção e representação naturalista em oposição aos cânones estilísticos da Idade Média.
The story behind the first concerted effort to make financing accessible to the world’s poorest is the stuff of folklore. Befitting the goal of poverty alleviation, the setting for this early experiment was a time of great tragedy in Bangladesh, one of the poorest countries in the world. A small country in the Indian subcontinent with a population of 130 million, a gross national product (GNP) per capita of about $300 and a literacy rate of only 38 percent for those over 15 years of age, 1 Bangladesh experienced drought and famine in 1974 that killed 1.5 million people (Macfarlane 2002). Having recently completed studies as a Fulbright scholar in the United States, Professor Mohammad Yunus was lecturing on economic theory at Chittagong University and growing increasingly frustrated at his inability to ease his neighbours’ suffering.
Dr. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in 1983 to provide microloans to poor citizens in Bangladesh, allowing many to become small business owners and lift themselves out of poverty. The model of group lending with joint liability was highly successful with repayment rates over 90%. This microcredit approach has been replicated worldwide and earned Dr. Yunus and Grameen Bank the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Yunus also developed the concept of social business, using business principles to solve social problems in a self-sustaining way. He has authored several books and received numerous honors for his pioneering work reducing poverty through access to credit and entrepreneurship opportunities.
This document summarizes an abstract and introduction about a study on the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It provides the following key details:
- Grameen Bank is a large NGO in Bangladesh that provides microcredit to poor women through small business loans. This allows women to generate income through small enterprises.
- The study aims to investigate the changes in livelihood status of women beneficiaries of Grameen Bank loans.
- Grameen Bank has reversed conventional banking by providing loans without collateral to the poorest populations. It aims to fight poverty by providing credit and catalyzing socioeconomic development for the poor.
The document discusses the history and impact of the Grameen Bank and its founder, Muhammad Yunus. It describes how Yunus pioneered microcredit and microfinance by providing small, collateral-free loans to poor entrepreneurs in Bangladesh through the Grameen Bank. The bank reversed conventional banking practices and has grown significantly, with over 8 million borrowers as of 2011, 97% of whom are women. Studies show over half of borrowers have risen out of poverty due to the loans. The bank has a high repayment rate of over 98% and is owned primarily by its borrowers.
Microfinance Forum 2008 (2.Applicability Of Mf To The World)Living in Peace
2008年11月28日に世界銀行東京ラーニングセンターで行われたマイクロファイナンス・フォーラムの資料です。
2.Applicability Of Mf To The World
世界におけるマイクロファイナンスの適用可能性-グラミンモデルの複製事業からの学びについて
Abul Kalam氏 (グラミン銀行 シニアプリンシパルオフィサー)
※Living in Peace(リビング・イン・ピース)について
本フォーラムの主催団体であるLiving in
Peaceは、経済開発に関心のある金融機関関係者を中心に2008年10月に設立されました。その他にも公務員、国際機関関係者、学生などがメンバーになっており、2009年4月にNPO法人格を取得いたしました。また現在、ミュージックセキュリティーズと提携してマイクロファイナンス・ファンドの組成準備中です。(HP:http://www.living-in-peace.org/
旧Blog;http://d.hatena.ne.jp/microfinance/)
Muhammad Yunus pioneered microfinance in the 1970s by making small loans to impoverished villagers in Bangladesh. Microfinance has since spread globally and helped many people escape poverty by providing financial services to the poor. While microfinance has been successful in some areas, evidence also shows its limitations. It works best to support existing small businesses rather than as a cure for poverty on its own. Some borrowers take on too much debt, and the poorest may be better served first through savings programs rather than loans. Effective microfinance requires balancing social and financial sustainability.
This document is a research project submitted by Kennedy Nyabwala to Maseno University in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The research examines the impact of microfinancing on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Kisumu Central Business District, Kenya. It includes an introduction providing background on microfinancing concepts and the microfinance industry in Kenya. The study aims to determine if local SMEs have obtained loans from microfinance institutions, if loan recipients have repaid as required, and if financing has helped SMEs grow. The significance of the research is recognizing the importance of microfinancing for SME development.
This is an SHG brochure published by Sukarya giving details of the project 'Sathi' - A project of empowerment of undertaken by Sukarya with the support of Charities Aid Foundation India (CAF) and Godfrey Philips India (GPI)
Social Entrepreneur - Muhammad Yunus and the Grameen BankJoshua Tsu
Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank in 1983 in Bangladesh to provide banking services to rural areas and combat poverty. The bank makes small loans called "microcredit" to the poor, especially women, with no collateral required. This allows people to start small businesses and earn more income. Over time, the bank has expanded to reach over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has launched innovative programs like village phones and factory loans to help borrowers increase their earnings. The Grameen Bank and Muhammad Yunus were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their work to alleviate poverty.
The document provides an overview and background of Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It discusses how Grameen Bank was founded by Muhammad Yunus in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor without requiring collateral. The bank loans money primarily to women and has over 8 million borrowers across Bangladesh. It has a very high repayment rate of over 97%. The document also outlines the objectives and methodology of a study analyzing borrower satisfaction with Grameen Bank's loan settlement procedures.
Self Help Group (SHG) Movement in India has been recognized as an effective strategy for mobilization and empowerment of rural people, particularly poor women and other marginalized groups.
This document provides an introduction to self-help groups (SHGs) in India. SHGs are informal associations of poor people who come together to improve their living conditions through collective efforts. They are formed to tackle problems related to poverty, illiteracy, lack of skills and access to formal credit that individuals cannot address alone. The goals of SHGs are to build trust between rural poor communities and bankers and encourage banking in hard to reach populations. SHGs function by members contributing small regular savings to a common fund and taking short term loans for economic activities. This empowers women and improves access to financial services, consumption, housing, health and government programs for marginalized groups. However, challenges remain regarding skills development, patriarch
The study examined how emotion recognition is related to race. Sixty-seven participants interacted with a confederate of either their same or different race and then watched videos to identify emotions. The participant's emotional intelligence did not correlate with emotion recognition accuracy. Results showed that interacting with someone of a different racial group improved recognition of anxiety and fear. Recognition accuracy varied by emotion and intensity level depending on the participant and actor's race. Limitations included a small sample size and using acted emotions rather than real interactions. Future research should address equal media representation of criminality across races.
The document analyzes the poster for the thriller film "Gone Girl." It discusses several design elements of the poster and how they relate to the thriller genre and create intrigue for the audience. The main image shows the protagonist from behind holding what seems to be a gun, implying violence and action. Dark colors and lighting create a mysterious atmosphere. Multiple images and elements leave questions unanswered, piquing the audience's interest in the film's storyline. The poster effectively uses genre conventions to entice viewers through an enigmatic presentation of the film's themes and characters.
Pavel Dabrytski - Agile Africa 2015 - Agile Economics - budgets, contacts, ca...IQ Business - agility@IQ
How to budget and capitalise your Agile projects. Interactive posters used in the Agile Africa Conference 2015. Great feedback from the attendees at the conference.
Why use video in your classes? Introduction to some concept or phenomena
Demonstration of problem solving
Illustration of a technique or approach
Inclusion of alternative viewpoints or perspectives
Evaluation of the source (the video content itself)
El documento define un algoritmo como un proceso de estudio y comprensión de un problema para encontrar una solución mediante pasos lógicos y organizados. Explica que los algoritmos son la base de las matemáticas y ayudan a resolver problemas. Distingue entre algoritmo y programa, señalando que un algoritmo incorpora la estructura básica de la computación sin detalles, mientras que un programa incluye detalles específicos para resolver un problema. Además, menciona formas de mejorar el pensamiento algorítmico a través de jue
Este documento introduce los algoritmos y explica brevemente qué es un algoritmo, dando como ejemplo la sucesión de Fibonacci. Luego, describe la importancia de los algoritmos para el almacenamiento, ordenamiento, búsqueda y transferencia de información. Finalmente, resume diferentes concursos y competencias de programación, explicando sus formatos de evaluación y lenguajes admitidos.
O Renascimento Cultural foi um movimento entre os séculos XIII e XVI que marcou a transição da Idade Média para a Idade Moderna na Europa. Os artistas e intelectuais renascentistas expressavam valores humanistas e uma visão de mundo mais dinâmica, voltada para a natureza em oposição ao teocentrismo medieval. A arte renascentista valorizava a perspectiva, proporção e representação naturalista em oposição aos cânones estilísticos da Idade Média.
The story behind the first concerted effort to make financing accessible to the world’s poorest is the stuff of folklore. Befitting the goal of poverty alleviation, the setting for this early experiment was a time of great tragedy in Bangladesh, one of the poorest countries in the world. A small country in the Indian subcontinent with a population of 130 million, a gross national product (GNP) per capita of about $300 and a literacy rate of only 38 percent for those over 15 years of age, 1 Bangladesh experienced drought and famine in 1974 that killed 1.5 million people (Macfarlane 2002). Having recently completed studies as a Fulbright scholar in the United States, Professor Mohammad Yunus was lecturing on economic theory at Chittagong University and growing increasingly frustrated at his inability to ease his neighbours’ suffering.
Dr. Muhammad Yunus founded Grameen Bank in 1983 to provide microloans to poor citizens in Bangladesh, allowing many to become small business owners and lift themselves out of poverty. The model of group lending with joint liability was highly successful with repayment rates over 90%. This microcredit approach has been replicated worldwide and earned Dr. Yunus and Grameen Bank the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize. Dr. Yunus also developed the concept of social business, using business principles to solve social problems in a self-sustaining way. He has authored several books and received numerous honors for his pioneering work reducing poverty through access to credit and entrepreneurship opportunities.
This document summarizes an abstract and introduction about a study on the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. It provides the following key details:
- Grameen Bank is a large NGO in Bangladesh that provides microcredit to poor women through small business loans. This allows women to generate income through small enterprises.
- The study aims to investigate the changes in livelihood status of women beneficiaries of Grameen Bank loans.
- Grameen Bank has reversed conventional banking by providing loans without collateral to the poorest populations. It aims to fight poverty by providing credit and catalyzing socioeconomic development for the poor.
The document discusses the history and impact of the Grameen Bank and its founder, Muhammad Yunus. It describes how Yunus pioneered microcredit and microfinance by providing small, collateral-free loans to poor entrepreneurs in Bangladesh through the Grameen Bank. The bank reversed conventional banking practices and has grown significantly, with over 8 million borrowers as of 2011, 97% of whom are women. Studies show over half of borrowers have risen out of poverty due to the loans. The bank has a high repayment rate of over 98% and is owned primarily by its borrowers.
Microfinance Forum 2008 (2.Applicability Of Mf To The World)Living in Peace
2008年11月28日に世界銀行東京ラーニングセンターで行われたマイクロファイナンス・フォーラムの資料です。
2.Applicability Of Mf To The World
世界におけるマイクロファイナンスの適用可能性-グラミンモデルの複製事業からの学びについて
Abul Kalam氏 (グラミン銀行 シニアプリンシパルオフィサー)
※Living in Peace(リビング・イン・ピース)について
本フォーラムの主催団体であるLiving in
Peaceは、経済開発に関心のある金融機関関係者を中心に2008年10月に設立されました。その他にも公務員、国際機関関係者、学生などがメンバーになっており、2009年4月にNPO法人格を取得いたしました。また現在、ミュージックセキュリティーズと提携してマイクロファイナンス・ファンドの組成準備中です。(HP:http://www.living-in-peace.org/
旧Blog;http://d.hatena.ne.jp/microfinance/)
Muhammad Yunus pioneered microfinance in the 1970s by making small loans to impoverished villagers in Bangladesh. Microfinance has since spread globally and helped many people escape poverty by providing financial services to the poor. While microfinance has been successful in some areas, evidence also shows its limitations. It works best to support existing small businesses rather than as a cure for poverty on its own. Some borrowers take on too much debt, and the poorest may be better served first through savings programs rather than loans. Effective microfinance requires balancing social and financial sustainability.
Microfinance began in the 1970s when Muhammad Yunus lent money to poor villagers in Bangladesh. It has since spread globally and helped millions of poor people access small loans and other financial services. While microfinance has been successful in some areas, it also faces challenges in accurately assessing risk, enforcing repayment, and reaching the very poor who lack collateral. In China, microfinance is less developed than other Asian nations despite significant pockets of rural poverty. The absence of civil society organizations and a supportive regulatory environment have hindered the growth of microfinance there.
Muhammad Yunus was inspired to establish microcredit lending after observing that poor residents in villages struggled to access loans from traditional banks due to concerns over repayment. He founded Grameen Bank to provide small, affordable loans to the poor, particularly women, to help them establish businesses and lift themselves out of poverty. Grameen Bank has grown tremendously, with over 8 million borrowers in Bangladesh and other countries. Yunus received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for his work establishing microcredit as an effective tool for alleviating poverty.
Muhammad Yunus was inspired to establish microcredit lending after observing how small loans could help impoverished villagers in Bangladesh become self-sufficient. He founded Grameen Bank in 1983 to provide small, low-interest loans to the poor without requiring collateral. Over 97% of Grameen Bank's 8 million borrowers are women. Yunus also worked to empower women and challenge social discrimination by encouraging them to start businesses using microloans. Grameen Bank has been hugely successful with a 97% repayment rate, lifting many out of poverty and earning Yunus the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for his work reducing poverty through microfinance.
Muhammad Yunus founded the Grameen Bank to provide microloans to the poor in Bangladesh who were not being served by traditional banks. During a university visit, he saw that villagers were too poor to access loans but could succeed with small amounts of capital. This inspired him to create Grameen Bank in 1983 to offer "microcredit" loans to the poor, especially women. Today, Grameen Bank has over 8 million borrowers, 97% of whom are women, and a 97% repayment rate. Yunus received the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize for his work to alleviate poverty through microfinance.
Norm DeLisle is the Executive Director of Michigan Disability Rights Coalition. Their mission is to transform communities with liberty and access for all with a feisty and non-compliant attitude. DeLisle discusses how organizations can lose focus on their core mission over time as they deal with the demands of sustaining the organization. He refers to an organization's core purpose as "Mission One" and the tasks required to sustain the organization as "Mission Two." Over time, the tension between Mission One and Mission Two can cause "Mission Creep" where an organization drifts away from its original purpose and focuses more on sustaining itself. DeLisle provides strategies for organizations to maintain their focus on Mission One such
Microfinance and Social Pressure in India. Published Paper- Mathew Josephmathew joseph
This document provides an overview of microfinance and its role in addressing poverty in India. It discusses the origins and rationale of microfinance, focusing on providing small loans to the poor, especially women. Microfinance grew rapidly in India supported by claims that it could alleviate poverty through entrepreneurship. However, more recently there have been criticisms of microfinance organizations and their role in a wave of rural suicides in India. The document aims to provide a third perspective on microfinance practices through an examination of one of India's largest microfinance organizations, SKS.
The document is an autobiography of Muhammad Yunus, founder of Grameen Bank. It describes how Yunus established Grameen Bank in 1983 to provide microloans to the poor in Bangladesh who lacked access to traditional banking. The bank pioneered group lending, where members support each other and are jointly responsible for loans. It has since grown to serve over 8 million borrowers, mostly women, and has had success in reducing poverty through small business creation.
The document provides an overview of Ramandeep Singh Saini's internship at Grameen Bank under Nobel Laureate Prof. Yunus. It summarizes the key aspects of Grameen Bank's microfinance model including its origins in Bangladesh, operational structure, lending practices, and impact. Some of the main points covered are:
- Grameen Bank pioneered the group lending model and provides small, collateral-free loans primarily to women to invest in income-generating activities.
- It has a decentralized branch structure and takes banking services directly to villages. Loans are typically under $100 USD and repaid in weekly installments.
- Rigorous training and social pressure among group members helps maintain
A report on microcredit system in bangladeshneha0175120
The document provides background information on microcredit in Bangladesh. It discusses the origins and modern development of microcredit, with a focus on pioneering institutions like Grameen Bank. It outlines the key principles of microcredit, including group lending and lending to women. It also examines the typical users and suppliers of microcredit services in Bangladesh, how borrowers use loans, and the economic and social impacts of microcredit programs.
The document discusses the history and impact of microfinance, specifically the Grameen Bank founded by Muhammad Yunus in Bangladesh. It notes that traditional banks often exclude the poor due to lack of collateral and perceived repayment risk. The Grameen Bank pioneered an innovative group lending model where loans are provided to groups of borrowers who are jointly liable for repayment, incentivizing monitoring and reducing costs. This model has enabled over 5 million poor Bangladeshis, especially women, to access credit and engage in entrepreneurship. The success of the Grameen Bank in alleviating poverty demonstrates that traditional perceptions of lending to the poor may be outdated.
The Grameen Bank is a microfinance organization and community development bank in Bangladesh that provides small, collateral-free loans known as microcredit primarily to impoverished women in rural Bangladesh. It was founded in 1976 by economist Muhammad Yunus and transformed into an independent bank in 1983. The bank pioneered the concept of microcredit and group lending, where borrowers form solidarity groups and use peer pressure to ensure repayment. It has been highly successful with over 97% repayment rates and has inspired similar programs in over 40 other countries.
The microfinance sector in India is at a crossroads after facing a crisis in 2010 in Andhra Pradesh that highlighted issues with some profit-seeking microfinance organizations. While microfinance has benefited many rural women, representatives at a recent forum discussed problems in the system and the need for responsible, ethical practices. Some key points discussed included the complementary but different roles of self-help groups and microfinance institutions, the need to design women-centered financial products, and ensuring microfinance integration with wider development efforts to truly empower women economically.
This document summarizes a research paper on microfinance in India. It discusses the concept and origins of microfinance, providing small loans and financial services to unemployed or low-income individuals. Microfinance first began in the 18th century and was pioneered by organizations like the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh. The paper then outlines different forms of microfinance common in India, including microloans, microsavings, microinsurance, self-help groups, and rural cooperatives. It reviews several other studies on topics like the relationship between microfinance and women's empowerment in India. In conclusion, microfinance can help develop India's economy and backward areas if it continues to expand and support more underserved communities.
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Dowla, Asif, and Dipal Barua. The Poor Always Pay Back: The Grameen II Story. Bloomfield,
CT: Kumarian, 2006. Print. Cost: 7.99 (Amazon)
Rose Pendley and Christian Reyes
Book Review
CMST 303-002
April 26, 2015
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The Poor Always Pay Back
The novel The Poor Always Pay Back by Asif Dowla and Dipal Barua goes into great
detail in examining the Grameen Bank, both the original concept and the remodeled version of
the bank known as Grameen ll. The book does an incredibly thorough job of exploring the past,
present, and future of the company, and the transitions between them. From the first member in
1983 to 5,660,454 members in 2006 the bank which is now both a publicly and privately traded
company has always aimed to shape their company in light of the member’s needs.
The Bank was started when the founder Mohammad Yunus met a bamboo stall maker
named Sufia Khatoon who was stuck in a viscous cycle of oweing and borrowing with a money
lender to support her family. Yunus, who had recently earned a PhD in economics and some of
his students found that there were 42 people in Sufia’s village alone who were stuck in the same
situation she was. Yunus gave those people their money out of his own pocket to escape the
grasps of the money lender. When these loans were repaid in full, he realized, “These people
were poor, not because they were lazy or stupid, but because they did not have credit and could
not get any from a formal financial institution because they had no collateral” (Dowla and Barua
16).
Dowla and Barua wrote this book to prove just that. They take readers through the
different life stages of the Grameen Bank, all to prove that the institution itself has lifted millions
of people out of poverty, proving all skeptics wrong. At the end of the day, the poor really do
always pay back. Unknowingly, Dowla and Barua also wrote this book to perfectly coincide with
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the themes and terminology of Organizations Communication that are discussed in both our book
and class.
There are two major themes in this book, on being crisis, and closely related to that, the
other would be change. A great deal of the book discusses the floods in Bangladesh or the effects
of the flood. It was the worst flood in the history of the country and more than half its population
was affected in a devastating way from losing their home, crops, or maybe even lives. This flood
was the cause of all the change in the Grameen bank in 1998, when the entire bank was
restructuring from bottom to top. The bank couldn’t handle the crisis. Groups were eliminated,
loan types were changed, payment plans were personalized, essentially the essence of the bank
stayed the same, but the actual day to day operations changed for both members and employees
of the bank.
The concept of globalization is beyond relevant to the Grameen Bank, in 1983 the bank
opened its doors the first customer, and in 2010 the bank exceeded 10 million members. The
wide variety of members, locations, and needs are so diverse the bank must evolve and change
with the environment around it. Especially in such an ever changing society, the bank must
remain interconnected with the outside world to understand the changing needs of the borrowers,
as well as maintain connection and understanding internally between branches to maintain
successful as one whole.
At the center of the entire company is the members, it is here demographics come into
play. In order to become a member of the bank, applicants must meet certain poverty
requirements, Including but limited to, yearly income, land ownership, and family size. It is also
common, for the members at any specific branch to be predominantly women. At one time loans
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were only given to the women of the house though now anyone can receive loan regardless of
gender.
The Four Flow of Communication is also highlighted in the book. Membership
negotiations come into play as previously mentioned, members must meet specific demographic
requirements to borrow from the bank. Member groups are very Self-Structured. Every group is
composed of 5 people including a group chairman and a group secretary, who maintain group
administration duties. The Center manager is in charge of all activity coordination, from
collecting money, to organizing member activities. Institutional positioning is very hierarchical,
in that control and power is incredibly linear, from the group members at the bottom, then center
and branch managers above them and nation employees above them etcetera.
Additionally, the concept of an organizational life cycle comes into play when the bank
went through a period of restructuring following a flood in Bangladesh of monumental
proportions. With 70% of branches affected, it became clear that the traditional version of
Grameen wasn’t able to withstand a crisis. Eventually after bringing in task forces and a period
of trial and error, a new structure of the bank would become finalized and called Grameen II.
As stated earlier, the original Grameen was unable to handle a big crisis like the flood in
1998 in Bangladesh. The organization crisis Grameen went through was dramatic because of the
realization that the bank had to change abruptly due to the flood. At this time, those who were
affected by the flood were not insured against floods because of the underdeveloped financial
market. In the midst of the destruction, people lost assets such as livestock, homes damaged and
170 members lost their lives. In response, Grameen tried to relieve the stress of their members by
allowing the members to use up to 90% of their savings group fund and also implemented
supplementary loan to use to repair homes. Unfortunately, the actions Grameen took at the time
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did not measure out and were seen as a burden because borrowers are unable to pay off the
accumulated loans. In order to gain control of the organization, Grameen had to recruit
volunteers from the classical days to create a task force in hopes to implement and install the
foundation of the bank.
Furthermore, the task force created a feedback and exchange process to better re-establish
the organization from its original roots. By doing so, the task force was given responsibility to
run the worst-performing zones. The task force had to collaborate amongst each other to see the
best fit to improve the situations in the branch. What the task force actually saw best fit was,
“rather than starting over and adopting a holistic approach to improve the overall of the branch,
the task forces concentrated on improving the repayment rate only.” Management argued that if
the task force emphasized on just one aspect, than it would eventually led back to the crisis. You
can see that both the task force and management were highly involved in coming to a solution to
the problem which involved both parties to effectively communicate to each other. Evidently,
management allowed the task force to see fit to the problem by making suggestions and new
innovations for Grameen II and made priority meetings for the task force to meet. Their meetings
were highly organized which included well-defined agendas that discussed local branch issues.
During the task force period, there was uncertainty of change amongst each other. This
period was rough because some of the task force in different branches were slacking and not
following through with meetings or gathering with borrowers. This led to a crisis in 1999. Task
forces worked hard then to create methods that were successful for their branch in hopes of
others to adapt as well. Unfortunately, other branches refused their methods because they felt the
method would not be successful in their area of operation. The uncertainty of change grew
amongst different task force branches because of the lack of success.
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Lastly, accommodations had to be made. In order to get all the branches on the same
page, the head office suggest starting “implementing changes at once center in a couple of
branches.” By doing so, they created a rulebook for some branches to use as references. These
rules were created by gathering feedback from borrowers, staff, and the task force. In May,
2000 after the rules were finalized, the staff now had to convert to Grameen II. In this process,
the staff had to convert all the basic loans into flexible loans. The book goes into great detail in
what else went into making the transition. As a result of the change, Grameen II flourished and
was able to regain the respect of its members and even gain new members.
Rose’s Recommendation: I would 100% recommend this book to other readers. To me it
was incredibly interesting reading about this bank that has had incredible effects on the lives of
millions of people, and it’s something that I had never heard of in my entire life. While doing
research on the book, I ran across a quote from in an article that said Muhammad Yunus (the
creator of the bank) is single handedly credited with lifting millions of people out of poverty. It is
fascinating to me that I’d never heard of this organization that has literally completely changed
the lives of millions of people. The book explains how Yunus has done this pretty much from
beginning to end, and it fascinating to read.
Christian’s recommendation: I would and would not recommend this book. The reason I
would recommend the book is because it gives the audience a perspective of how other people in
the world live. It illustrates the different struggles they have to go through every day and how
they overcome those struggles. It gives you an appreciation of what you have and also awareness
of what else is happening in our world. The reason I also won’t recommend it is that you can lose
interest or focus because the book provides detailed behind the scenes information. They go into
great detail on how the loans work and what they have to do in order to obtain the goal. That is
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just my personal view on the book. Overall, it was a great book about an organization that started
from a vision into an organization that now impacts millions of lives.