Organ donation involves removing organs or tissues from living or deceased donors to transplant into recipients. It is necessary due to conditions like organ failure from disease or accidents. There are two types of donors - living donors who can donate certain organs, and deceased donors who can donate almost all organs after consent from relatives. While organ donation and transplantation has occurred in India since the 1960s, it faces challenges like lack of public awareness, no transparency in allocation, and religious/social barriers. Efforts are needed to educate medical professionals and the public, gain media and government support, and address organizational issues to increase organ donation rates.