The document describes SQL-like commands for creating, altering, querying, and manipulating graph database types, indices, and data. It includes commands for creating and modifying types and attributes, inserting and updating data, indexing, querying, and more. Sample commands are provided to demonstrate creating types for user profiles with various attributes, inserting sample profile data, running queries to retrieve and aggregate data, and altering types and indices.

1. CREATE [ABSTRACT] TYPE Identifier [EXTENDS Identifier] [ATTRIBUTES(AttrIdentifier Integer, UnsignedInteger, Double, String, Boolean, DateTime, BackwardEdge, List<Primitive-
[=DefaultValue])] [BACKWARDEDGES(BackwardEdge [,BackwardEdge])] [UNIQUE(Identifier Datatype>, Set<Userdefined-Datatype>
[,Identifier])] [MANDATORY(Identifier [,Identifier])] [INDICES(IndexOptOnCreateType)]
COUNT | AVG | MIN | MAX | SUM
CREATE TYPES [[ABSTRACT] bulk_type_list_member] [,[ABSTRACT]bulk_type_list_member]]
CONCAT | TOUPPER | MAXWEIGHT | SUBSTRING | TOP | CURRENTDATE
ALTER TYPE Identifier ADD ATTRIBUTES(attr_definition [,attr_definition])|
ALTER TYPE Identifier DROP ATTRIBUTES (Identifier [,Identifier]) |
ALTER TYPE Identifier ADD BACKWARDEDGES (BackwardEdge [,BackwardEdge]) | Comments within lines start with /* and end with */
ALTER TYPE Identifier DROP BACKWARDEDGES (Identifier [,Identifier]) |
ALTER TYPE Identifier RENAME ATTRIBUTE Identifier TO Identifier |
ALTER TYPE Identifier RENAME TO Identifier | DESCRIBE INDICES | DESCRIBE INDEX Identifier [edition] |
ALTER TYPE Identifier RENAME BACKWARDEDGE Identifier TO Identifier | DESCRIBE EDGES | DESCRIBE EDGE Identifier |
ALTER TYPE Identifier UNIQUE (Identifier [,Identifier]) | DESCRIBE FUNCTIONS | DESCRIBE FUNCTION Identifier |
ALTER TYPE Identifier DROP UNIQUE DESCRIBE AGGREGATES | DESCRIBE AGGREGATE Identifier |
DESCRIBE SETTINGS [ON TYPE TypeIdentifier | ON ATTRIBUTE attr_definition | ON DB | ON
SESSION] | DESCRIBE SETTING Identifier [ON TYPE TypeIdentifier | ON ATTRIBUTE attr_definition
DROP TYPE Identifier | ON DB | ON SESSION] |
DESCRIBE TYPES | DESCRIBE TYPE TypeIdentifier
TRUNCATE Identifier
SETTING DB SettingOperation (= SET ("SettingName"=value [,"SettingName"=value]) | GET <sones version="1.0">
("SettingName" [,"SettingName"]) | REMOVE ("SettingName" [,"SettingName"]) <GraphDB version="1.0">
CREATE INDEX identifier [EDITION identifier] ON identifier (index_attribute_list) SETTING SESSION SettingOperation | SETTING TYPE Identifier SettingOperation |
[INDEXTYPE Identifier] <queryresult version="1.0">
SETTING ATTRIBUTE Identifier SettingOperation
SettingName = (DEPTH, SETREADONLY, TYPE, UUID, SHOWREVISION, SELECTTIMEOUT)
<query>FROM UserProfile u SELECT *</query>
<result>Successful</result>
REBUILD INDICES <duration resolution="ms">1</duration>
REBUILD INDICES TypeIdentifier [,TypeIdentifier] DUMP [{GDDL|GDML|ALL}] [AS {GQL,CSV}] <warnings />
<errors />
FROM Identifier DROP INDEX IndexIdentifier [EDITION EditionIdentifier]
FROM Identifier alias [,Identifier Alias] SELECT * | selection_list
<results>
[WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY group_expr] [ORDER BY order_expr] [OFFSET offset_expr] <DBObject>
[LIMIT limit_expr] [DEPTH depth_expr] <attribute name="Username" type="String">User1</attribute>
INSERT INTO Identifier VALUES (AttrAssign [,AttrAssign]) [WHERE where_condition]
<attribute name="Age" type="Int64">25</attribute>
AttrAssign = [idNode=Value]|[idNode={REF(..),REFUUID(..),SETOF(..),LISTOF(..),SETOFUUIDS </DBObject>
(..)} </results>
</queryresult>
INSERTORUPDATE Identifier VALUES (AttrAssign [,AttrAssign]) [WHERE where_condition] </GraphDB>
„describe type“ command (URL encoded) </sones>
INSERTORREPLACE Identifier VALUES (AttrAssign [,AttrAssign]) [WHERE where_condition]
GET /gql?describe%20types HTTP/1.1
UPDATE Identifier SET (update_attr_element [,update_attr_element]) [WHERE
Host: databaseserver.domain Server-Hostname {
where_condition]
Accept: application/json; utf-8 "query": "FROM User u SELECT *",
"result": "Successful",
REPLACE Identifier VALUES (AttrAssign [,AttrAssign]) WHERE where_condition "warnings": [],
"errors": [],
application/json application/xml text/plain text/html
FROM Identifier DELETE [id] [WHERE where_condition]
"results":
[{
"Username": "User1",
BEGIN [DISTRIBUTED] | [LONG-RUNNING] | [DISTRIBUTED LONG-RUNNING] TRANSACTION [ISOLATION "Age": "25"
GET /Logfile
= {Full | Read | Write}] [Name=transaction_name] [TIMESTAMPE=transaction_timestamp]
}],
"Duration": ["1","ms"]
COMMIT TRANSACTION [Name=transaction_name] [ASYNC] }
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION [Name=transaction_name] [ASYNC]

2. CREATE TYPE INSERT INTO
UserProfile ATTRIBUTES (String Username, Integer Age, SET<UserProfile> Friends) UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User1", Age = 25)
BACKWARDEDGES (UserProfile.Friends FriendOf) INSERT INTO
UNIQUE (Username) UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User2", Age = 22, Friends = SETOF(Name = "User1"))
MANDATORY (Username) INSERT INTO
CREATE TYPE UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User3" Father = REF(Name = "User1"), Enemies = SETOF(Name = "User2"))
SecondUserProfile EXTENDS UserProfile ATTRIBUTES (SET<UserProfile> Enemies) INSERT INTO
CREATE TYPE
UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User4", WeightedFriends = SETOF(Name = "User1":(1.2)))
ThirdUserProfile EXTENDS UserProfile ATTRIBUTES (LIST<String> Hobbies)
INSERT INTO
ThirdUserProfile VALUES (Name = "User5", Hobbies = LISTOF("Books","Music"))
INSERT INTO
CREATE TYPES UserProfile VALUES (Name = "UndefinedAttributeUser", Weight = 70.1) /* Undefined Attribute */
Tag ATTRIBUTES (String Name) BACKWARDEDGES (Website.Tags TaggedSite) INDICES (Name)
Website ATTRIBUTES (String Name, String URL, SET<Tag> Tags) INDICES (Name)
FROM UserProfile U SELECT U.Friends.Friends.Name WHERE U.Name = "User1"
FROM UserProfile U SELECT U.Name WHERE U.Friends.Friends.Name = "User1"
ALTER TYPE
FROM UserProfile U SELECT U.Friends.Count()
UserProfile ADD ATTRIBUTES (SET<UserProfile> Enemies, UserProfile Father)
ALTER TYPE
UserProfile ADD BACKWARDEDGES (UserProfile.Enemies EnemyOf)
ALTER TYPE
UserProfile ADD ATTRIBUTES (SET<WEIGHTED(Double, DEFAULT = 1.5, SORTED = DESC) FROM UserProfile U
<UserProfile>> WeightedFriends ) DESCRIBE TYPES SELECT U.Name.CONCAT("-> Age:", U.Age) AS "Name"
DESCRIBE TYPE UserProfile FROM UserProfile U
DESCRIBE SETTING Depth ON TYPE UserProfile SELECT U.Name, CURRENTDATE()
DESCRIBE SETTING Depth ON ATTRIBUTE UserProfile.Friends FROM UserProfile U
DROP TYPE SecondUserProfile DESCRIBE SETTINGS ON DB SELECT U.WeightedFriends.MAXWEIGHT()
DESCRIBE INDEX Tag.Name FROM UserProfile U
DESCRIBE FUNCTION CONCAT SELECT U.Name.SUBSTRING(2,3)
FROM UserProfile U
FROM UserProfile DROP INDEX IDX_Name SELECT U.Friends.Path(S.Name = "User1", 10, 10, "true", "false")
WHERE U.Name = "User2" DEPTH 1
SETTING TYPE User SET („DEPTH“=2)
CREATE INDEX
IDX_Name ON UserProfile(Name) INDEXTYPE Hashtable FROM UserProfile U
SELECT AVG(U.Age)
UPDATE FROM UserProfile U
UserProfile SET (Friends += SETOF(Name="User2", Name="User4") SELECT AVG(U.Age), U.Name
TRUNCATE UserProfile WHERE Name = "User3" GROUP BY U.Name
OFFSET 10
LIMIT 10
INSERTORUPDATE REPLACE
UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User1", Age = 40) WHERE Name = "User1" UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User1", Age = 50)
INSERTORUPDATE WHERE Name= "User1-new"
UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User5") WHERE Name = "User5"
FROM UserProfile DELETE WHERE Name = "User1"
INSERTORREPLACE
UserProfile VALUES (Name = "User1-new", Age = 50) WHERE Name = "User1"