59. Poultry Manure
• Manure
• Large chickens will produce around 4oz (100g)
of manure a day. This manure is very
phosphorus rich and is sold in garden centres in
pelleted form as a fertilizer. However, if it is put
on plants before it has properly rotted down then
it will burn them. To help with the rotting process
the soiled hay, straw or woodshavings should be
put on the muckheap or compost heap and
allowed to rot down.
62. White Leghorn
• With the basic objective of achieving self sufficiency in high
yielding germplasm of egg type stock, the four pure lines of
White Leghorn were maintained and improved for high egg
production potential, taking part period egg number upto 40
weeks of age as selection criteria through intra-population
selection using a family index. The part period egg number in
final generation of selection were 122.4, 112.1, 106.5 and 115.8
eggs in G, H, I and J lines of WLH, respectively. The
corresponding egg weights at 40 weeks of age were 54.6, 55.6,
55.7 and 53.2g. The age at sexual maturity ranged from 138 to
149 days. The good egg quality is also one of the important
factor affecting the feasibility of the poultry production system
by influencing reproduction rate through effects on hatchability
and storage and handling of eggs at various stages of
processing and affecting marketing through egg shell and
internal egg quality.
63. EGG TYPE COMMERCIAL STOCK
The high yielding hybrid stock of white egg i.e. ILI-80 and tinted egg type i.e. C.A.R.I.
Golden-92 were developed for commercial exploitations. A brief production profile of
these stocks has been presented below:
ILI_80
64. ILI-80
• First egg at 17 to 18 weeks
50% production at 150 days
Peak production at 26 to 28 weeks
Liveability of grower (96%) and layer (94%)
Egg production peak 92%
Hen Housed to 72 wk. more than 270 eggs
Hen day to 72 wk. more than 280 eggs
Feed efficiency (20 to 72 weeks) 2.1
Egg size Average
Egg weight 54 g
Excellent internal quality
Easy to handle, performs well under a variety of
managemental systems.
65. CARI Golden - 92
First egg at 18 to 19 weeks
50% production at 155 days
Peak production at 27 to 29 weeks
Livability of grower (96%) and layer (94%)
Egg production Peak 90%
Hen Housed to 72 wk. more than 265 eggs
Hen day to 72 wk. more than 275 eggs
Feed efficiency (20 to 72 weeks) 2.2
Egg size Average
Egg weight 54 g
Excellent internal quality of egg
66. Indigenous
Stock
Performance Profile
Body weight at 20
weeks (g) 1220
Age at sexual maturity
(days) 196
Annual egg production
(number) 92
Egg weight at 40 week
(g) 50
Fertility (%) 66
Hatchability FES (%) 63
67. Frizzle
• Performance Profile
• Body weight at 20 weeks (g) 1005
Age at sexual maturity (days) 185
Annual egg production (number) 110
Egg weight at 40 week (g) 53
Fertility (%) 61
Hatchability FES (%) 71
• Frizzle fowls have oval body with well-developed comb
and wattles. The skin is thin and pinkish pale in colour.
The beak and shanks generally have no correlations
with the plumage colour and are creamish pale in
colour. The birds have single comb and earlobes are
well developed with white spots on them. The eyes ae
bright and well-developed. Plumage colours vary
considerably among the birds but white, brown, black
and mixed colour are most common. Frizzle fowls are
found all over the hot and humid coastal areas
including Andaman Nicobar Islands. Good numbers of
these birds are also available on high altitudes hilly
tracts of North-Eastern states. It is said that birds have
better adaptability to the hot and humid climatic
conditions.
Performance Profile
Body weight at 20 weeks (g)
1005
Age at sexual maturity (days)
185
Annual egg production
(number) 110
Egg weight at 40 week (g) 53
Fertility (%) 61
Hatchability FES (%) 71
68. Kadaknath
• It is locally known as "Kalamasi" meaning the fowl having black flesh. Jhabua and Dhar districts of
Madhya Pradesh and the adjoining districts of Rajasthan and Gujarat spreading over an area of
about 800sq. miles is considered to be its home tract. These are mostly reared by tribals, adivasis
and rural poor. It is considered to be a sacred bird and offered as sacrifice to Goddess after
Diwali.The colour of the day old chicks is bluish to black with irregular dark stripes over the back.
The adult plumage varies from silver to gold spangled to blue black without any spangling. The
skin, beak, shank, toes and soles of feet of males and females are dark gray colour. Even the
comb, wattles and tongue also show a purplish hue. The shining blue tinge of the earlobes add to
its unique features. The peculiarity of this breed is that most of the internal organs show the
characteristic black pigmentation which is more pronounced in trachea, thoracic and abdominal air
sacs, gonads, elastic arteries, at the base of the heart and mesentery. Varying degree of blackish
colouration is also found in the skeletal muscles, tendons, nerves, meninges, brain and bone
marrow. The black colour of muscles and tissues is due to the deposition of melanin pigment, a
genetic condition called "Fibromelanosis".
• The flesh of this breed though black and repulsive to look at, is considered not only a delicacy but
also of medicinal value. The tribal uses Kadakanath blood in the treatment of chronic disease in
human beings and its meat as aphrodisiac. The meat and eggs are reckoned to be a rich source
of protein (25.47% in flesh) and iron.
Performance ProfileBody weight at 20 weeks (g) 920
Age at sexual maturity (days) 180
Annual egg production (number) 105
Egg weight at 40 week (g) 49
Fertility (%) 55
Hatchability FES (%) 52
69. Naked Neck
• Naked neck is relatively larger in built with long cylindrical neck. As the
name indicates, neck of the birds is fully naked or only a tuft of feathers is
seen on the front of the neck above crop. The resulting bare skin
becomes reddish particularly in males as they approach sexual maturity.
General body feathering is also reduced. Various types of combs viz.
pea, rose, walnut and single combs are seen. The beak is short and well
curved. The face is long and not covered with feathers. The eyes are
compact and well set. The skin is thin and pinkish in colour. The beak
and shanks have no correlation with plumage colour. Main plumage
colours are brown, black, white and mixture of brown and black. Due to
the reduced feathering, the birds are capable to tolerate the tropical
stress. It lays the biggest size eggs among all the Indian native breeds of
chicken. Trivundrum region of Kerala is considered to be the homeland of
Naked neck but it is available throughout hot and humid coastal area
including Andman and Nicobar island and North-Eastern states of the
country in small numbers. People of these regions have great affinity for
Naked neck birds due to their better adaptability to the hot and humid
climatic conditions as well as for better taste and flavour of meat.
Performance Profile
Body weight at 20 weeks (g) 1005
Age at sexual maturity (days) 201
Annual egg production (number) 99
Egg weight at 40 week (g) 54
Fertility (%) 66
Hatchability FES (%) 71
70. UPCARI birds
1. Kadakanath x Dehlam Red
2. Aseel x Dehlam Red
3. Naked Neck x Dehlam Red
4. Frizzle x Dehlam Red
Performance Profile
Age at sexual maturity 170-180 days
Annual egg production 165-180
eggs
Egg size 52-55 g
Egg colour Brown
Egg quality Excellent Internal quality
Livability Above 95%
Temperament Active and good
forager
Unique scavenging type birds developed with native breed base,
having typical desi fowl look,
better tropical adaptability and disease resistance, exceptional growth
and production performance under managemental and feeding stress
of backyard system of poultry production. Four varieties of UPCARI birds suitable for different
agro-climatic conditions are available.
71. Guinea fowl
• Special features
• Hardy bird
• Suitable to any agro-climatic condition
• Resistant to many common diseases of chicken
• No requirement of elaborate and expensive housing
• Excellent foraging capabilities
• Consumes all non-conventional feed not used in chicken feeding
• More tolerant to mycotoxin and aflatoxin
• Hard egg shell provides minimum breakage and long keeping quality
• Guinea fowl meat is rich in vitamin and low in cholesterol
• Production characteristics
• Weight at 8 weeks 500-550 g
• Weight at 12 weeks 900-1000 g
• Age at first egg 230-250 day
• Average egg weight 38-40 g
• Egg production (in one laying cycle from March to September) 100-120 eggs
• Fertility 70-75%
• Hatchability on fertile eggs set 70-80%
• Guinea Fowl (GUNCARI) - Alternative Poultry Resources
• The GUNCARI birds were developed through adopting selective selection and breeding programme from
a wide base stock. The efforts to improve the guinea fowl for productive performance as well as general
immunocompetence have been made of our institute. Now three varieties of Guncari i.e. Kadmbari,
Chitambari and Swetambari are available.
