technical details of goat farming and fodder cultivation in west bengal situations.. for extension activities and enterpreneurship development in animal husbandry.
Dairy farmers’ production systems worldwide need to be able to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment.Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should also be given the opportunity to add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers.
This Guide gives individual dairy farmers proactive guidance on how these objectives can be achieved on their farm. The Guide to good dairy farming practice has been written in a practical format for dairy farmers engaged in the production of milk from any dairy species. When adopted, it will support the production and marketing of safe, quality-assured milk and dairy products. The Guide focuses on the relationship between consumer safety and economic, social and environmental management at the farm level.
The Guide contains many individual practices that contribute to good dairy farming
practice, covering the key aspects of animal health, milk hygiene, nutrition, welfare, the
environment and socio-economic management.
These practices have been drawn from best practice guidelines and existing assurance
schemes around the world, and so individual practices will vary in their applicability to various dairying regions. They are not intended to be legally binding and readers are encouraged to select and implement those guidelines that are of relevance to their situation. As such, this Guide aims to provide a genuine framework for dairy farm assurance schemes to be developed globally, giving individual countries and dairy farmers the opportunity to develop schemes that are specific to their needs.
This document summarizes key aspects of managing the transition period for high-yielding dairy cows. The transition period is 4 weeks before and after calving and is a time of increased health risks. Feeding a balanced transition diet is important to reduce risks of diseases like milk fever and ketosis. The transition diet should gradually increase energy and protein while decreasing fiber to support intake and metabolism without disrupting the rumen. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium and the dietary cation-anion difference must be carefully managed to prevent milk fever. Commercial transition supplements can help achieve these nutrient balances and support a smooth transition to lactation.
This document provides information on feeding management of sheep and goats. It discusses the importance of feed costs in livestock production. Key points include feeding schedules for kids from birth to weaning based on milk, creep feed, and forage intake. It also outlines nutrition requirements and feeding practices for does based on their stage of production such as dry, breeding, gestation and lactation. Different feeding systems for goats like tethering, intensive and extensive systems are also summarized.
The document discusses nutritional management strategies for livestock during times of scarcity caused by natural calamities. It describes how floods can damage crops, stored feed, and water sources. It recommends using fallen leaves, crop residues, and aquatic plants as alternative feeds during floods. It emphasizes balanced feeding for different classes of livestock based on their nutrient needs. Complete feed blocks and urea treatment of straw are presented as techniques to improve the nutritional value of available feeds.
This document discusses the importance of feeding milk replacer and calf starter to young calves. It notes that calves should receive colostrum within the first 6 hours of birth for antibodies and then be fed milk replacer instead of whole milk. The feeding schedule recommends gradually increasing milk replacer to 2 liters per day by 1 month while also introducing calf starter and hay. The document provides tips for raising healthy calves and requirements for calf starter and growth meals.
This document provides guidance on planning a tropical beef production operation. It discusses factors to consider such as selecting suitable cattle breeds, choosing a farm location with good road access and suitable soil and rainfall, and designing animal housing and yards. For small operations with fewer than five head, simple pens made of local materials near the home are recommended. Larger operations require more robust housing, yards, and facilities to handle larger numbers of cattle. Key aspects of pen, shed, and yard design include orientation for shade and ventilation, drainage, space requirements, and cleaning.
Cattle and Buffalo breeds
Having similar characters.
27 indigenous cattle breeds.
Milch breeds:-
Sahiwal
Gir
Red sindhi
Dual purpose short horned
Hariana
Ongole
Krishna valley
Deoni
Dual purpose long horned
Tharparker
Kankrej
Draft purpose
Hallikar
Amritamahal
Khillari
Kangayam
Umbalacherry
Dairy farmers’ production systems worldwide need to be able to combine profitability with the responsibility of protecting human health, animal health, animal welfare and the environment.Dairy farmers, as the primary producers in the supply chain, should also be given the opportunity to add value to their product by adopting methods of production that satisfy the demands of processors and customers.
This Guide gives individual dairy farmers proactive guidance on how these objectives can be achieved on their farm. The Guide to good dairy farming practice has been written in a practical format for dairy farmers engaged in the production of milk from any dairy species. When adopted, it will support the production and marketing of safe, quality-assured milk and dairy products. The Guide focuses on the relationship between consumer safety and economic, social and environmental management at the farm level.
The Guide contains many individual practices that contribute to good dairy farming
practice, covering the key aspects of animal health, milk hygiene, nutrition, welfare, the
environment and socio-economic management.
These practices have been drawn from best practice guidelines and existing assurance
schemes around the world, and so individual practices will vary in their applicability to various dairying regions. They are not intended to be legally binding and readers are encouraged to select and implement those guidelines that are of relevance to their situation. As such, this Guide aims to provide a genuine framework for dairy farm assurance schemes to be developed globally, giving individual countries and dairy farmers the opportunity to develop schemes that are specific to their needs.
This document summarizes key aspects of managing the transition period for high-yielding dairy cows. The transition period is 4 weeks before and after calving and is a time of increased health risks. Feeding a balanced transition diet is important to reduce risks of diseases like milk fever and ketosis. The transition diet should gradually increase energy and protein while decreasing fiber to support intake and metabolism without disrupting the rumen. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium and the dietary cation-anion difference must be carefully managed to prevent milk fever. Commercial transition supplements can help achieve these nutrient balances and support a smooth transition to lactation.
This document provides information on feeding management of sheep and goats. It discusses the importance of feed costs in livestock production. Key points include feeding schedules for kids from birth to weaning based on milk, creep feed, and forage intake. It also outlines nutrition requirements and feeding practices for does based on their stage of production such as dry, breeding, gestation and lactation. Different feeding systems for goats like tethering, intensive and extensive systems are also summarized.
The document discusses nutritional management strategies for livestock during times of scarcity caused by natural calamities. It describes how floods can damage crops, stored feed, and water sources. It recommends using fallen leaves, crop residues, and aquatic plants as alternative feeds during floods. It emphasizes balanced feeding for different classes of livestock based on their nutrient needs. Complete feed blocks and urea treatment of straw are presented as techniques to improve the nutritional value of available feeds.
This document discusses the importance of feeding milk replacer and calf starter to young calves. It notes that calves should receive colostrum within the first 6 hours of birth for antibodies and then be fed milk replacer instead of whole milk. The feeding schedule recommends gradually increasing milk replacer to 2 liters per day by 1 month while also introducing calf starter and hay. The document provides tips for raising healthy calves and requirements for calf starter and growth meals.
This document provides guidance on planning a tropical beef production operation. It discusses factors to consider such as selecting suitable cattle breeds, choosing a farm location with good road access and suitable soil and rainfall, and designing animal housing and yards. For small operations with fewer than five head, simple pens made of local materials near the home are recommended. Larger operations require more robust housing, yards, and facilities to handle larger numbers of cattle. Key aspects of pen, shed, and yard design include orientation for shade and ventilation, drainage, space requirements, and cleaning.
Cattle and Buffalo breeds
Having similar characters.
27 indigenous cattle breeds.
Milch breeds:-
Sahiwal
Gir
Red sindhi
Dual purpose short horned
Hariana
Ongole
Krishna valley
Deoni
Dual purpose long horned
Tharparker
Kankrej
Draft purpose
Hallikar
Amritamahal
Khillari
Kangayam
Umbalacherry
This document discusses cattle nutrition and feeding strategies across different phases of production. It covers the nutritional needs and feeding programs for dairy cattle in their lactation cycle and beef cattle in their biological cycle. Key points addressed include the nutrient requirements and common feeding practices for cattle in growth, gestation, lactation and dry periods. Various grazing systems and some nutritional disorders affecting cattle are also summarized.
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
This document discusses approaches to augmenting milk production through improved feed and fodder management. It provides information on various aspects of feeding dairy cattle including the nutrient requirements of cattle at different lactation stages and milk yields. Tables are included that specify the recommended quantities of green fodder, dry fodder, and concentrates for cows and buffalo at different production levels. The document also addresses fodder crop production, ration formulation, and strategies to ensure adequate availability of feed resources.
Etiopathogenesis, therapy, prevention and control of milk fever in dairy cattleRadhika Vaidya
Milk fever, or hypocalcemia, is a metabolic disease of dairy cattle occurring around calving caused by a rapid drop in blood calcium levels due to the cow's high calcium demands for milk production. Key points:
- Jersey and older cows have higher risk. Nutritional factors like high phosphorus, potassium, and cation-anion imbalance can also predispose cows.
- At calving, calcium mobilization from bone cannot keep up with losses in colostrum, impairing absorption from gut and causing hypocalcemia.
- Clinical signs include weakness, recumbency, and shock. IV calcium treatment is effective if given early. Prevention focuses on low calcium diet pre-calving
The document discusses establishing a dairy farm business in Varanasi, India. It provides details on the production, marketing, financials, operations, and human resource management of the dairy farm. Key points include producing over 125,000 liters of milk annually, earning over Rs. 30 lakhs in revenue, employing 7 people, and involving milking cows twice daily.
Vet obst lecture 14 Postpartum complications in sheep and goatsDrGovindNarayanPuroh
This document discusses parturition related disorders in sheep and goats. It describes the normal stages of labor and common disorders that can occur during pregnancy (pre-partum), at parturition, and after parturition (post-partum). Some of the most common pre-partum disorders discussed include abortion, pregnancy toxemia, vaginal prolapse, and hydrometra. Common parturient disorders include dystocia caused by fetal or maternal factors, prolonged gestation, and fetal mummies. Post-partum disorders discussed are retained placenta, metritis, uterine prolapse, and uterine rupture. The document provides details on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of these various disorders.
The document discusses feeding strategies for young stock and cows. For young stock, proper feeding and care pre-weaning is critical. Growth must be balanced across development, condition, and size. For cows, feeding varies by lactation stage. During dry periods, cows should maintain condition without overfeeding. In early lactation, high-quality feed maximizes peak yield and fertility. Feeding is adjusted in mid-late lactation based on individual production levels.
The document discusses management strategies for dairy cattle during summer heat stress and drought conditions. It outlines the direct impacts of heat stress such as reduced feed intake, milk yield, and reproduction. Recommendations are given to prevent heat stress through cooling methods like misters, fans, and shade as well as enhancing natural heat loss through cooled water, wallowing, and shade. For drought, the summary focuses on feeding management through conservation, supplementation, and alternative forages as well as avoiding toxic plants.
This document discusses feeding recommendations for small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It provides guidelines for feeding kids/lambs, growing animals from 3-6 months, adult animals, and animals during gestation and lactation. It recommends increasing nutrient intake during flushing and lactation periods. Metabolic disorders like enterotoxemia and polioencephalomalacia are also discussed. The document emphasizes matching feed quality and quantities to animal needs and gradual introduction of new feeds.
This document provides an overview of 12 ideas for improved dairy farm management. It discusses recognizing the dairy farm as a business and understanding supply and demand economics. Key steps include measuring performance with data, using analytics as a competitive advantage, maintaining accurate financial records, analyzing investments, understanding how earnings and asset turnover impact profitability, and maintaining a consistent business strategy regardless of milk price fluctuations. The overall message is that the most profitable approach focuses on increasing milk production at the lowest cost.
The document provides information on managing dry cows through their dry period in 3 phases to maintain body condition and health for optimal subsequent milk production. It discusses feeding dry cows balanced diets with adequate forages and minimal grains to avoid metabolic disorders while maintaining energy reserves. Special care is needed around calving to gradually transition diets and allow mammary adaptation through a normal dry period of around 60 days.
Challenges in goat farming in india - Goat Farming ConsultancyIbne Ali
- India has the largest population of goats in the world at approximately 160 million. Goat farming provides supplementary income to 70 million farmers in over 500,000 remote villages.
- Goat meat and milk production in India has increased in the last decade. India is the largest producer of goat milk and second largest producer of goat meat globally.
- The goat sector contributes 8.4% to India's livestock GDP, or 38,590 crores, through products like meat, milk, skin, manure, and others. Goats contribute approximately Rs. 40,000 crores to the Indian economy.
Dry matter intake of cows can be influenced by physical fill, metabolic feedback, and oxygen consumption. It is also affected by moisture, neutral detergent fiber, and fat content of diets as well as the forage to concentrate ratio. Additional factors include cow behavior, dominance at the feed bunk, weather, feeding method as a total mixed ration or individual ingredients, feeding frequency, sequence of feeding, and access time to feed. Maximizing intake requires adequate bunk space and feeding time for cows.
1. Goats are an important source of livelihood and nutrition for small farmers in India. India has the largest population of goats in the world at 148.88 million.
2. Goat farming is less capital intensive than other livestock and goat meat (chevon) and milk production are major contributions to India's agricultural economy. India ranks first globally in goat milk and second in goat meat production.
3. The major states for goat population are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar. Some important native goat breeds found in different regions of India include the Jamunapari, Sirohi, Marwari, Osmanabadi, and
This document provides a classification of various buffalo breeds around the world based on their taxonomy, domestication, and locations. It discusses several Asian and African river and swamp buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Jaffarabad, Surti, Mehsana, Bhadawari, Nagpuri, Pandaripuri, Egyptian, Jimes, Khoozestani, Kerabao, and Tedong. It provides information on their physical characteristics and production traits like milk yield, lactation length, age at first calving, and calving interval.
The main feedstuffs fed to cattle include: grass, hay, grain, silage and total mixed ration. There are in fact, many types of feeds that can be fed to cattle, for example, crumbles, meals, coarse mix and pellets made from raw material such as corn, wheat, soybean. In this article, Elena Forbes of Azeus Machinery takes a closer look at the processes involved in creating a good quality pellet. With the global demand for cattle feed ever increasing, the need to produce high quality and nutritionally balanced feed has become an essential issue in the feed market.
The document discusses the design and management of horse stables. It notes that stables provide shelter and protection for horses while allowing for fresh air, light, and the owner's convenience. Proper stable design considers space, ventilation, drainage, flooring, and temperature control. Stables should have individual stalls or loose housing areas, aisles at least 2 meters wide, non-slip flooring, and roofing that provides good airflow without drafts. Site selection considers drainage, access, and proximity to other facilities. LED lighting reduces fire risks.
This document discusses cattle nutrition and feeding strategies across different phases of production. It covers the nutritional needs and feeding programs for dairy cattle in their lactation cycle and beef cattle in their biological cycle. Key points addressed include the nutrient requirements and common feeding practices for cattle in growth, gestation, lactation and dry periods. Various grazing systems and some nutritional disorders affecting cattle are also summarized.
This document discusses feeding strategies for high-yielding dairy cows. It notes that milk is synthesized from nutrients absorbed from the bloodstream. High yielders are defined as cows producing over 20 kg/day or buffaloes over 15 kg/day. Feeding strategies for high yielders include providing extra rations of high-quality roughage and concentrates, gradually increasing concentrates, and maintaining 14% crude protein. Challenge feeding involves increasing concentrates before calving to prepare cows for high milk production. Minerals like calcium, phosphorus and magnesium are also important to meet requirements and prevent issues like milk fever. Buffers help maintain rumen pH for optimal fiber digestion and milk fat levels.
This document discusses approaches to augmenting milk production through improved feed and fodder management. It provides information on various aspects of feeding dairy cattle including the nutrient requirements of cattle at different lactation stages and milk yields. Tables are included that specify the recommended quantities of green fodder, dry fodder, and concentrates for cows and buffalo at different production levels. The document also addresses fodder crop production, ration formulation, and strategies to ensure adequate availability of feed resources.
Etiopathogenesis, therapy, prevention and control of milk fever in dairy cattleRadhika Vaidya
Milk fever, or hypocalcemia, is a metabolic disease of dairy cattle occurring around calving caused by a rapid drop in blood calcium levels due to the cow's high calcium demands for milk production. Key points:
- Jersey and older cows have higher risk. Nutritional factors like high phosphorus, potassium, and cation-anion imbalance can also predispose cows.
- At calving, calcium mobilization from bone cannot keep up with losses in colostrum, impairing absorption from gut and causing hypocalcemia.
- Clinical signs include weakness, recumbency, and shock. IV calcium treatment is effective if given early. Prevention focuses on low calcium diet pre-calving
The document discusses establishing a dairy farm business in Varanasi, India. It provides details on the production, marketing, financials, operations, and human resource management of the dairy farm. Key points include producing over 125,000 liters of milk annually, earning over Rs. 30 lakhs in revenue, employing 7 people, and involving milking cows twice daily.
Vet obst lecture 14 Postpartum complications in sheep and goatsDrGovindNarayanPuroh
This document discusses parturition related disorders in sheep and goats. It describes the normal stages of labor and common disorders that can occur during pregnancy (pre-partum), at parturition, and after parturition (post-partum). Some of the most common pre-partum disorders discussed include abortion, pregnancy toxemia, vaginal prolapse, and hydrometra. Common parturient disorders include dystocia caused by fetal or maternal factors, prolonged gestation, and fetal mummies. Post-partum disorders discussed are retained placenta, metritis, uterine prolapse, and uterine rupture. The document provides details on the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of these various disorders.
The document discusses feeding strategies for young stock and cows. For young stock, proper feeding and care pre-weaning is critical. Growth must be balanced across development, condition, and size. For cows, feeding varies by lactation stage. During dry periods, cows should maintain condition without overfeeding. In early lactation, high-quality feed maximizes peak yield and fertility. Feeding is adjusted in mid-late lactation based on individual production levels.
The document discusses management strategies for dairy cattle during summer heat stress and drought conditions. It outlines the direct impacts of heat stress such as reduced feed intake, milk yield, and reproduction. Recommendations are given to prevent heat stress through cooling methods like misters, fans, and shade as well as enhancing natural heat loss through cooled water, wallowing, and shade. For drought, the summary focuses on feeding management through conservation, supplementation, and alternative forages as well as avoiding toxic plants.
This document discusses feeding recommendations for small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It provides guidelines for feeding kids/lambs, growing animals from 3-6 months, adult animals, and animals during gestation and lactation. It recommends increasing nutrient intake during flushing and lactation periods. Metabolic disorders like enterotoxemia and polioencephalomalacia are also discussed. The document emphasizes matching feed quality and quantities to animal needs and gradual introduction of new feeds.
This document provides an overview of 12 ideas for improved dairy farm management. It discusses recognizing the dairy farm as a business and understanding supply and demand economics. Key steps include measuring performance with data, using analytics as a competitive advantage, maintaining accurate financial records, analyzing investments, understanding how earnings and asset turnover impact profitability, and maintaining a consistent business strategy regardless of milk price fluctuations. The overall message is that the most profitable approach focuses on increasing milk production at the lowest cost.
The document provides information on managing dry cows through their dry period in 3 phases to maintain body condition and health for optimal subsequent milk production. It discusses feeding dry cows balanced diets with adequate forages and minimal grains to avoid metabolic disorders while maintaining energy reserves. Special care is needed around calving to gradually transition diets and allow mammary adaptation through a normal dry period of around 60 days.
Challenges in goat farming in india - Goat Farming ConsultancyIbne Ali
- India has the largest population of goats in the world at approximately 160 million. Goat farming provides supplementary income to 70 million farmers in over 500,000 remote villages.
- Goat meat and milk production in India has increased in the last decade. India is the largest producer of goat milk and second largest producer of goat meat globally.
- The goat sector contributes 8.4% to India's livestock GDP, or 38,590 crores, through products like meat, milk, skin, manure, and others. Goats contribute approximately Rs. 40,000 crores to the Indian economy.
Dry matter intake of cows can be influenced by physical fill, metabolic feedback, and oxygen consumption. It is also affected by moisture, neutral detergent fiber, and fat content of diets as well as the forage to concentrate ratio. Additional factors include cow behavior, dominance at the feed bunk, weather, feeding method as a total mixed ration or individual ingredients, feeding frequency, sequence of feeding, and access time to feed. Maximizing intake requires adequate bunk space and feeding time for cows.
1. Goats are an important source of livelihood and nutrition for small farmers in India. India has the largest population of goats in the world at 148.88 million.
2. Goat farming is less capital intensive than other livestock and goat meat (chevon) and milk production are major contributions to India's agricultural economy. India ranks first globally in goat milk and second in goat meat production.
3. The major states for goat population are Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, and Bihar. Some important native goat breeds found in different regions of India include the Jamunapari, Sirohi, Marwari, Osmanabadi, and
This document provides a classification of various buffalo breeds around the world based on their taxonomy, domestication, and locations. It discusses several Asian and African river and swamp buffalo breeds such as Murrah, Nili-Ravi, Jaffarabad, Surti, Mehsana, Bhadawari, Nagpuri, Pandaripuri, Egyptian, Jimes, Khoozestani, Kerabao, and Tedong. It provides information on their physical characteristics and production traits like milk yield, lactation length, age at first calving, and calving interval.
The main feedstuffs fed to cattle include: grass, hay, grain, silage and total mixed ration. There are in fact, many types of feeds that can be fed to cattle, for example, crumbles, meals, coarse mix and pellets made from raw material such as corn, wheat, soybean. In this article, Elena Forbes of Azeus Machinery takes a closer look at the processes involved in creating a good quality pellet. With the global demand for cattle feed ever increasing, the need to produce high quality and nutritionally balanced feed has become an essential issue in the feed market.
The document discusses the design and management of horse stables. It notes that stables provide shelter and protection for horses while allowing for fresh air, light, and the owner's convenience. Proper stable design considers space, ventilation, drainage, flooring, and temperature control. Stables should have individual stalls or loose housing areas, aisles at least 2 meters wide, non-slip flooring, and roofing that provides good airflow without drafts. Site selection considers drainage, access, and proximity to other facilities. LED lighting reduces fire risks.
বাংলাদেশে প্রাপ্ত ফল সমূহের পুষ্টিগুণ, ঔষধিগুণ ও স্বাস্থ্য উপকারিতা , 190 পৃষ্ঠার সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা বই ... খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই
৫০টি বিস্তারিত ব্যখ্যা ছবি ...প্রতেকটি ফলের ----- চার্ট আকারে পুষ্টিগুণ বা উপাদান ... বিস্তারিত স্বাস্থ্য উপকারিতা...এবং এর ঔষধিগুণ বা ভেষজগুন বা আয়ুর্বেদিকগুণ ও তৈরি প্রক্রিয়া ... এবং রূপচর্চায় এর ব্যবহার ও অন্য কাজে এর ব্যবহার
Snake -Bangladesh by Abdul Hai সাপ.pptxMd Abdul Hai
Snake, Poisonous & Non poisonous snake, Ati-venom, Mode of Action ,Snake details in Bangladesh.
Abdul Hai-01752003007 .
Mail: abdulhai.bau.bd@gmail.com
A book, Based on Islam and Modern Generation of Bangladesh, Named Crossing the bridge... Story of a boy , his change in life, coming towards Islam, How Islam changed his life.
Everybody should read , a lot of things to know about Islam... With some strong logics....
Advances in animal health management system & use of epidemiological toolsSharadindu Shil
This document discusses advances in animal health management systems and the use of epidemiological tools in disease monitoring and control. It covers several key points:
1) The importance of classifying and prioritizing animal diseases at both the global and regional levels to effectively monitor and respond to outbreaks.
2) The need for comprehensive surveillance programs that utilize both passive and active surveillance methods to detect diseases early. Participatory approaches and information sharing systems are important.
3) The value of outbreak investigation and epidemiological analysis to understand disease transmission and implement appropriate control measures like vaccination and movement restrictions.
4) The limitations of current approaches and need for ongoing training and evaluation to continuously improve animal health management and emerging disease detection
This document discusses advances in frozen semen technologies and the importance of hygienic practices during artificial insemination (AI) for fertility management in livestock.
It begins by providing background on the Indian scenario of AI, including the large network of AI centers and increases in semen production and conception rates over time. It then covers the evolution of frozen semen technology from early experiments to modern developments like sexed semen.
Recent advances discussed include semen sexing, sperm encapsulation, transcriptomics, ovum pick up, biomarkers, in vitro techniques, and embryo technologies. It emphasizes the importance of genetic, sanitary and environmental quality in semen production. Proper testing, storage, and hyg
This document discusses the role of paravets (community animal health workers without veterinary degrees) in India's animal health system. It describes how paravets provide basic services like vaccinations, AI, and wound dressing under veterinarian supervision. While privately employed paravets are seen as a threat, governments now acknowledge their important role in serving resource-poor communities. The document outlines paravets' mandated duties and positive impacts, as well as factors affecting their performance like education, attitude, and experience. It advocates for community-based models and privatization to improve service delivery in rural areas lacking government veterinary resources.
Improved animal health for poverty reduction and sustainable livelihoodsSharadindu Shil
This document discusses animal husbandry and veterinary services in West Bengal. It notes that livestock are an important source of livelihood for many rural families and provide nutrients, income, and insurance. The Animal Resources Development (ARD) department aims to support sustainable livestock farming and food security. It has established a network for animal health care, training, and cooperatives. Vaccination schedules are provided for various livestock to prevent diseases like foot and mouth disease. Challenges include addressing the impacts of climate change, trade, and evolving disease agents. Effective surveillance, public-private partnerships, and research are needed to improve animal health and support livelihoods.
The document discusses various laws and rules related to the prevention of cruelty to animals in India. It outlines offenses under the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960 such as cruelty, maiming, bestiality, and phooka. It also summarizes rules for the transportation of animals, licensing of premises housing animals, animal birth control for dogs, and operation of slaughterhouses. The key aim of these laws and rules is to promote humane treatment of animals and prevent the infliction of unnecessary pain or suffering.
Breeding Approaches Towards Disease Resistance In LivestocksSharadindu Shil
a detailed description of instances & methodologies used in livestock breeding for developing disease resistant breeds world wide.specially helpful for veterinary post graduate students for their seminars.
23. প্রেনষনর বয়স ও রবরভন্ন রদ
• ১। স্ত্রী ছাগল ১২-১৫ মাস বয়ষস এবাং ভাল পুঠষ্ট র খাবার রদষল তার ও
৩ মাস আষগ প্রেনন রাষনা যায়।
• ২। পুাং ছাগল ১৫-২৪ মাষসর মষিয বযবহার রা যায়।
• ৩। পুাং ছাগল ২ বছষরর মষিয বয়স হষল ২০-২৫ ঠি স্ত্রী ছাগষলর সষঙ্গ
বযবহার রা যায় পুরন বয়স্ক হষল ৪০-৫০ ঠি স্ত্রী ছাগষলর সষঙ্গ
কদওয়া যায়।
• ৪। স্ত্রী ছাগল ৫-৬ বার বাছা কদবার পর বযবহার রা যাষব না এবাং পুাং
ছাগল ৫-৬ বছর বয়স হষল ারলাং রষত হয়।
• ৫। শীত ও বসন্ত প্রেনষনর আদশ শসময়।
24. প্রেনন পদ্ধরত
• ১। পুাং ছাগল এ বার এ এ ঠি স্ত্রী ক কদওয়া উরচত। সিাষহ এ বার রাষল
আর ভাষলা।
• ২। স্ত্রী ছাগল ১৫-১৮ মাষস প্রথমবার তারপর বাছা কদবার পর ৩ মাষসর
মাথায় গরম হষল আবার প্রেনন রান উরচৎ।
• ৩। ছাগষলর গভশাবস্থা ১৫০-১৫৫ রদন তাই এই রনয়ম কমষন চলষল বাছা
কদবার ৮ মাষসর মাথায় আবার বাছা পাওয়া যায়।
• ৪। ১৮-২১ রদন ছাড়া গরম হয়, এবাং ২৪-৪৮ ঘণ্টা গরম থাষ ।
• ৫। গরম হবার ১০ ঘণ্টা পর পাল কদওয়া উরচৎ এবাং তার আবার ১০ ঘণ্টা পর
যরদ মষন হয়।
25. • ৬। ছাগষলর গরম হবার লক্ষন গুল -
• অনয ছাগষলর গাষয় ওিা, তাষ রবরক্ত রা, পুাং ছাগল
কদখষল তার াষছ যাওয়া, ঘন ঘন কলে নাড়া, খাওয়া
রমষয় কদওয়া, অরস্থরতা, কযারন িার লাল ও ফষল
যাওয়া এবাং নারষ ল কতষলর মত স্বছহ তরল
কবষরাষনা।
• ৭। এ বার রিরিাং রানর ২১ রদন পর আবার গরম
হষল ১ ঠি বা ২ ঠি গরম াল কছষড় রদষয় পুনরায় রিরিাং
রাষল লাভ পাষবন।
27. বা ঠিরসাং
• বড় ফাম শএ ক ান ছাগল গুরল গরম হষয়ষছ
কবাঝার েনয পুাং ছাগল কঘারাষনা হয় তাষত
ষর কসই পুাং ছাগল গরম হওয়া স্ত্রী গুরল ক
সনাক্ত ষর তখন তাষদর আলাদা ষর রিরিাং
রাষনা সহে হয়।
28. এ নেষর বাাংলার াষলা ছাগষলর
প্রেনন গত জবরশষ্টয
১। পূণ শতা প্রারি-৮-১০ মাস।
২। স্ত্রী ছাগষলর প্রেনষনর সময় ও ঐ সময় তার
ওেন- ১২-১৫ মাস এবাং ১০-১৫ ক দ্ধে।
৩। পুাং ছাগষলর প্রেনষনর সময়-১৫-১৮ মাস।
৪। পুাং ও স্ত্রী ছাগষলর অনুপাত - ১ঃ ১০-২০ ঠি।
৫। মাষয়র াছ কথষ বাছা সররষয় কনবার সময় - ৭০
রদন।
৬। এ সাষথ গষড় বাছা কদয়-২-৩ ঠি।
৭। পুাং ও স্ত্রী ছাগল আলাদা রার সময় ২-৩ মাস
পর পুাং ও স্ত্রী বাছা আলাদা রা দর ার।
52. Sl. No. Name of the crops Time of sowing Time of harvestingYield/tones/ha
.
1.
A. Berseem
Mid. Oct. to
1st week of
Nov.
Mid. Dec. To 1st
week of March
25-30
B. Maize and
Cowpea
Mid. of March
Mid. May to 3rd
week of June.
30-35
C. Sorghum
and Cowpea
Last week of
June
1st week of Aug.
to mid. Oct.
45-50
2.
A. Ricebean Mid. August
1st week of Nov.
to 3rd week of
Jan.
15-20
B. Maize and
Cowpea
Last week
of January
1st week of April,
to last week of
May
30-35
C. Cowpea 1st week of June
1st week of Aug.
to mid. August.
20-25
3.
A. Berseem
and Mustard
1st week of Nov.
1st week of Jan.
to last week of
Feb.
30-35
B. Maize and
Cowpea
1st week of
March
1st week of June
to 1st week of
July.
40-45
C. Sorghum
and Cowpea
Mid. of July
1st week of Sept.
to mid. October
45-50
4.
A. Hybrid Napier Mid. February
Mid. May to
mid. Sept.
120-130
B. Berseem
(in between
Hyb. Napier)
1st week of Oct.
1st week of Dec.
to last week of
Jan.
120-130
FODDER PRODUCTION ROUND THE YEAR
72. Sl. No. Name of the crops Time of sowing Time of harvesting Yield/tones/ha.
1. A. Berseem Mid. Oct. to 1st week of Nov. Mid. Dec. To 1st week of March 25-30
B. Maize and Cowpea Mid. of March Mid. May to 3rd week of June. 30-35
C. Sorghum and Cowpea Last week of June 1st week of Aug. to mid. Oct. 45-50
2. A. Ricebean Mid. August 1st week of Nov. to 3rd week of Jan. 15-20
B. Maize and Cowpea Last week of January 1st week of April, to last week of May 30-35
C. Cowpea 1st week of June 1st week of Aug. to mid. August. 20-25
3. A. Berseemand Mustard 1st week of Nov. 1st week of Jan. to last week of Feb. 30-35
B. Maize and Cowpea 1st week of March 1st week of June to 1st week of July. 40-45
C. Sorghum and Cowpea Mid. of July 1st week of Sept. to mid. October 45-50
4. A. Hybrid Napier Mid. February Mid. May to mid. Sept. 120-130
B. Berseem (in between
Hyb. Napier
1st week of Oct. 1st week of Dec. to last week of Jan. 120-130
84. শুিু রবচারলর সাষথ ইউররয়া
• ১। কগািা বা ক াঁচাষনা ১০০ ক দ্ধে রবচারল + ৫০-
১০০ রলিার েষল কগালা ৪ ক দ্ধে ইউররয়া।
• ২। ভালভাষব রবচারল রভদ্ধেষয় পরলরথন চাপা
রদন যাষত বাতাস বা বৃঠষ্ট না কঢাষ ।
• ৩। ২৫-৩০ রদন পর এ রদ খুষল ১ ঘণ্টা
বাইষর করষখ ম ম পররমাষন খাওয়ান। পষর
পররমান বাড়াষবন।
• েল কবরস কদষবন। অরতররক্ত রভিারমন এ রদষত
হয়।
85. রবচারল গুড় ও ইউররয়া
১ ক দ্ধে ু চাষনা অষনক্ষষনর রভেষনা খড় ২০
গ্রাম ইউররয়া ১ রলিার েষল ১০০ গ্রাম
রচিাগুড় রদষয় গুষল পররমান মত ২ ভাষগ ভাগ
ষর প্ররতরদন খাওয়ান। স াষল জতরর ষর ২
কবলা খাওয়ান।
• ইউররয়া ভাষলা ভাষব গুলষত হষব।
অথবা ঐ অনুপাষত সুস্ক সাংরক্ষন ও রা কযষত
পাষর।