GlucoSim
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GlucoSim is a Python program that simulates the effects of insulin, glucagon, and metabolic activity on blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. It uses a simple computational model to track how insulin lowers blood glucose by storing glucose in the liver as glycogen, while glucagon raises blood glucose by converting stored glycogen into glucose. The program allows the user to adjust hormone levels and metabolic rate through a command line interface to see their effects on blood glucose and glycogen storage over time, displayed through interactive charts.
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Glucagon-9.pptx- Physiology, functions, regulation
This document discusses the hormone glucagon. It describes:
1. Glucagon is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall. Its main function is to increase blood glucose levels.
2. Glucagon causes glycogenolysis in the liver to break down glycogen into glucose, and increases gluconeogenesis to produce new glucose.
3. Glucagon's effects are opposed to insulin. Blood glucose levels are the main regulator of glucagon secretion, with low glucose stimulating release.
regulation of blood sugar
This document provides an overview of blood glucose regulation and diabetes. It begins with definitions of key terms like blood sugar, normal glucose levels, and hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The document then discusses the history of diabetes research and discoveries. It explains the normal physiology of glucose regulation including the roles of insulin, glucagon, and other hormones. It also covers alterations in blood glucose levels and the public health impacts of diabetes.
ةةةةGlucose metabolism.pptx
This document summarizes glucose homeostasis and diabetes mellitus. It discusses how glucose levels are tightly regulated in the blood and maintained within a narrow range through the actions of various organs like the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue. Insulin and glucagon are the main hormones that regulate glucose levels by facilitating glucose uptake and breakdown of glycogen stores. The document classifies diabetes into types 1 and 2 and discusses the mechanisms of hyperglycemia in diabetes through insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. It also outlines the diagnostic criteria and tests used to diagnose diabetes.
Regulation of blood glucose
The document discusses alternation between anabolism and catabolism in the human body. Anabolism involves building complex molecules from simpler ones and supports growth, while catabolism breaks down large molecules into smaller ones and produces ATP through cellular respiration. Insulin promotes anabolic activities that store glucose, while glucagon stimulates catabolic activities. The liver plays a key role in maintaining blood glucose levels between meals by breaking down glycogen or converting other substrates into glucose. Insulin and glucagon work to regulate glucose uptake and output from the liver to keep blood glucose within a normal range. Diabetes mellitus occurs when there is insufficient or ineffective insulin to properly regulate blood glucose.
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Glucagon-9.pptx- Physiology, functions, regulation
Glucagon-9.pptx- Physiology, functions, regulation
GlucoSim
- 1. GlucoSim Using Python to simulate the effects of insulin, glucagon, and metabolic activity on blood glucose in diabetic patients John Kozlosky Lakeland Jr-Sr Highschool
- 2. Overview GlucoSim is a bioinformatical program that simulates the effects of insulin and glucagon on blood sugar using a simple computational model.
- 3. GlucoSim’s Purpose Diabetes is a complex disease to manage, and keeping blood sugars in check is hard. Many things can affect blood sugar, like… Exercise Stress Menstrual cycle Glycemic index of food Insulin sensitivity Sleep High blood sugar (renal glucose threshold = ~160mg/dL)
- 4. Hormones Insulin lowers blood glucose Glucose is stored as glycogen in the liver as glycogen In real organisms, insulin also causes glucose to be stored in body fat, but that was not implemented into the program Glucagon raises blood glucose The liver breaks down its stored glycogen into glucose and releases it into the bloodstream
- 5. Hormone Limits Once the liver is saturated with glycogen, it will be able to take in no more glucose from the bloodstream, and insulin will have no effect on the liver (in real organisms, insulin will still be stored in fat, however). Conversely, once the liver runs out of glycogen, glucagon will have no effect on the liver because there is no glycogen to convert into glucose and release into the bloodstream.
- 6. Metabolic Effects Since the body not only stores and releases glucose using insulin and glucagon, but also burns it for fueling its metabolic processes, the variable “metabolic rate” slowly detracts from glucose in the blood. It can be modified to simulate the different rates at which the body burns glucose during different activities, such as sleeping, sitting awake, walking, or exercising.
- 7. Code
- 8. Code – Bioinformatical Model
- 9. Interface
- 11. How It Works Commands are entered into a command-line interface Raise or lower insulin or glucagon levels, set metabolic rate, etc… According to a mathematical model, the program adjusts blood glucose level and amount of glycogen stored in the liver according to insulin, glucagon, and the metabolic rate Graph the data and display it to the user in a series of interactive charts as well as a simple readout of the current values (blood glucose, insulin and glucagon levels, glycogen stored in liver, etc.) This also includes an arrow displaying the current trend of the blood sugar (steady, slowly rising, falling, etc.)
- 12. Source Code & Misc. Statistics Source code is available publicly on Github 446 lines of code Mental breakdowns: 2 (Agh!)