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gerundsandinfinitives-120716130337-phpapp01.pptx
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- 2. What (the h***)is the gerund? • A gerund is the ING form of the verb. • Examples: • Playing • Swimming • Going • Running • Being
- 3. When do weuse the GERUND? • After certain verbs • Instead of a noun • After prepositions
- 4. 1. After certainverbs • Enjoy • I enjoy reading • I was enjoying reading • She has enjoyed reading • You will enjoy reading • We have been enjoying reading
- 5. Certain verbs arefollowed by the gerund • After ‘enjoy’ ‘fancy’ ‘discuss’ ‘dislike’ ‘finish’ • The second verb is ALWAYS in the gerund • I enjoy reading • I fancy watching movies • We discussed going on holiday together • I dislike waiting for buses • We’ve finished preparing for the meeting
- 6. Certain verbs are followedby the gerund • Mind I don’t mind coming early • Suggest • He suggested staying home (NOT suggested to) • Recommend • He recommended meeting earlier • Kept • He kept working although he felt ill. • Avoid • She avoided talking to her boss
- 7. Another way weuse a gerund • After certain verbs • Instead of a noun • After prepositions
- 8. Examples • Smoking isn’tallowed here • Swimming is very good exercise
- 9. A third wayto use gerunds • After certain verbs • Instead of a noun • After prepositions
- 10. Examples • I dranka cup of coffee before leaving. • It’s a good idea to brush your teeth after eating
- 11. Gerunds after prepositionsin phrasal verbs • I gave up smoking. • I agree with playing soccer. • She complains about bullying. • They decided against attending the meeting. • Sara dreams of becoming a rock star.
- 12. We use ‘to+infinitive’: •After certain verbs • After many adjectives • To show purpose
- 13. Ecamples • He decidedto leave early. Can be in any tense
- 14. Examples • He decidedto leave early. The second verb is always with ‘to+infinitive’
- 15. More verbs thattake ‘to+infinitive’ • Agree • She agreed to give a presentation. • Ask • She asked to leave early. • Plan • He plans to buy a new car. • Hope • I hope to pass the exam. • Learn • They are learning to sing. • Want • I want to come to the party.
- 16. More examples of verbsthat take the infinitive • Would like • I would like to see you tonight. • Promise • I promised not to be late. (Make negative by adding ‘not’ before the infinitive)
- 17. More examples onverbs that take the infinitive • Pleased • I’m pleased to meet you!
- 18. We use the ‘to+infinitive’ •After certain verbs • After many adjectives • To show purpose
- 19. Examples: • Happy • I’mhappy to see you! • Right • She was right to leave early. • Wrong • They were wrong to leave the building. • Careful • The teacher was careful to speak clearly. • Lucky • He was lucky to get a scholarship. • Likely • It’s likely to snow tonight.
- 20. We use the ‘to+infinitive’ •After certain verbs • After many adjectives • To show purpose
- 21. (we use theinfinitive to say why we do something) • I came to the US to study. • I went home to have lunch. • (NOT: for have lunch)
- 22. Gerund OR infinitivewith NO CHANGE IN MEANING Some verbs take either G/or INF with no change in meaning: • Start • It started to rain./ = It started raining. • Continue: • I continued to work./ = I continued working • Begin: • She began to sing/ she began singing • Prefer: • I prefer eating at home./ I prefer to eat at home.
- 23. Gerund of infinitive WITHchange in meaning • Some verbs either take the GR or INF but WITH change in meaning: • Stop + gerund (when you stop the action or activity) • Stop + ‘to+infinitive’ (when you stop something to do something else)
- 24. Examples – (Stop+ Gerund) • Stop (gerund): • She stopped working. • She stopped smoking. • She stopped studying. (=she stopped doing the verb)
- 25. Stop + ‘to+infinitive’ •I stopped to have lunch • I stopped to say hello. (=I stopped doing the first action because of the second)
- 26. Remember + GR/INF •Remember + gerund (To talk about past actions) • Remember + ‘to+infinitive) • (when someone remembers/has to remember something they have to do)
- 27. Remember + gerund •He remembers going to the beach. (in his head) • I remember locking the door.
- 28. Remember + ‘to+inf’ •Please remember to buy milk! (the person needs to remember buying milk when at the store) • He remembered to meet her. (First, he arranged a meeting with her. Then he remembered to go to the meeting.)
- 29. Try + inf •Used when we don’t succeed in doing the action: • I tried to open the window, but it was stuck! • (=I failed at the action) • He tried to eat salad every day, but I often go for the Pizza. (=failed at the attempt, eating salad is the goal, but he didn’t succeed)
- 30. Try + gerund •Used when we do the action but it doesn’t help us to achieve the goal: • I tried opening the window, but the room was still hot. (this mean I opened the window easily, as an experiment to see if it would make the room cooler)