3. Urbanisation is the
process of urban
growth that leads to
a greater
percentage of the
population living in
towns and cities. It
is the movement of
people from rural
areas to urbans
4. The three historical
processes that
shaped the cities in
decisive ways are:
• The rise of industrial revolution.
• The establishment of colonial rule
over large parts of the world.
• And the development of democratic
ideals.
5. Causes of
Urbanisation
People migrate from rural to urban areas due to push
and pull factors.
PULL FACTORS :-
It attracts people to major cities. Examples – more
economic activities, women empowerment, better
and more jobs.
PUSH FACTORS :-
It push the people from the countryside to the major
cities. Examples – lack of economic opportunities, low
pay, rural poverty.
6. Positive and negative
impact of Urbanisation
• Urban living is often associated with higher levels of literacy and education,
enhanced opportunities for political and culture participation, greater access to
social services.
• Urbanisation is a natural part of the transition from low-productivity agriculture to
high-productivity industry.
• Cities are important drivers of development and poverty reduction in both urban
and rural areas, as they concentrate much of the national economic activity,
government, commerce and transportation. More than 80% of global income is
generated in cities.
• No country has ever reached middle income status without a significant population
shift into cities.
7. WORLD TOP 10 MEGA CITIES
Name of the city
Tokyo
Delhi
Shanghai
Sao Paulo
Mumbai
Mexico city
Beijing
Osaka
Cairo
New York
Population(in million)
38
25.7
23.7
21.1
21
21
20.4
20.2
18.8
18.6
8. Ill affects of
urbanisation
Poor air and water quality, insufficient water
availability, waste-disposal problems, and high
energy consumption are exacerbated by the increasing
population density and demands of urban environments.
Strong city planning will be essential in managing these
and other difficulties as the world's urban areas swell.
Due to uncontrolled urbanization in India, environmental
degradation has been occurring very rapidly and causing
many problems like land insecurity, worsening water
quality, excessive air pollution, noise and the
problems of waste disposal.
9. Future of
Urbanisation
We cannot think of development, when our cities remain squalor and
the urban environment is damaged beyond repair.so construction of
environment friendly cities or satellite town or smart cities is the
answer to the emerging multiple problems of the mega cities. Some
examples of Indian satellite cities are:
Delhi, Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad.
There are various advantages that Satellite cities offer. Besides
providing its residents with superior quality of living in the form of
road connectivity, electricity, water, drainage and other important
amenities, it also enables to propel the local economy. It leads to
appreciation in prices of land and residential property in and around
the Satellite city.
10. city
Indian government has also initiated the smart city project. The
announcement of ‘100 smart cities’ falls in line with the vision.
Kochi in Kerala, Ahemedabad in Gujarat, Aurangabad in
Maharashtra, Ponneri in Tamil Nadu, and Tumkur in Karnataka are
some of the proposed Smart Cities of India Core infrastructure
elements in a Smart City would include:
Adequate water supply,
Assured electricity supply,
Sustainable environment and
Health and education.
11. Keeping in mind the ill effects of waste of humans the Union
Government of India has launched Swachh Bharat Abhiyan.
