The document discusses the use of geographic information in the Carare and Athena projects. It provides an overview of the goals and partners of the Athena and Carare projects, which aim to aggregate digital cultural heritage content from European museums and institutions and make it available through Europeana. It also describes guidelines being developed for representing geographic location data and seven proposed GIS models of varying complexity that could be implemented to integrate geographic information with digital cultural content.

1. Geographic Information in the
Carare and Athena Projects
Franc J. Zakrajsek
Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet

2. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Cultural content in space and time

3. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
• to support and encourage the participation of museums and other
institutions not yet fully involved in Europeana;
• to produce a set of scalable tools, recommendations and
guidelines, focusing on metadata and thesauri, data structures,
semantics, and IPR issues;
• to identify digital content present in the European museums;
• to contribute to the integration of the different sectors of cultural
heritage with the overall objective to merge all these different
contributions into Europeana.
Europeana – Athena project
ATHENA, the European museum network, is a project whose
purpose is to harvest museum content and to deliver it into
Europeana.

4. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
• Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali (IT)
• PACKED vzw (BE)
• Koninklijke Musea voor Kunst en Geschiedenis (BE)
• Central Library of the Bulgarian Academy of sciences
(BG)
• Cyprus Research and Educational Foundation (CY)
• Narodni Muzeum (CZ)
• Cross Czech a.s. (CZ)
• Devoteam Group (CZ)
• Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz (DE)
• Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg (DE)
• Eesti Vabariigi Kultuuriministeerium (EE)
• Museovirasto (FI)
• Michael Culture AISBL (BE)
• Association Dédale (FR)
• Ethniko Metsovio Polytechnio (National Technical
University of Athens) (GR)
• Panepistemion Patron - University of Patras (GR)
• Petőfi Irodalmi Múzeum (HU)
• Magyar Rádió Zrt. (HU)
• Institutul de Memorie Culturală (RO)
• Amitié srl (IT)
• Ministère de la Culture, de l'Enseignement Supérieur
et de la Recherche (LU)
• Valsts Aģentūra Kultūras Informācijas Sistēmas (LV)
• Stichting Rijksmuseum Amsterdam (NL)
• Stowarzyszenie Miedzynarodowe Centrum
Zarzadzania Informacja (PL)
• Luleå Tekniska Universitet (SE)
• Ministrstvo za Kulturo Republike Slovenije (SI)
• Ministerstvo kultúry SR (SK)
• Cordia a.s (SK)
• Collections Trust (UK)
• Stichting European Digital Library (NL)
• Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (FR)
• Hellenic Ministry of Culture (GR)
• Makash - Advancing CMC Applications in Education,
Culture and Science (IL)
• Centre PIC (RU)
• Azǝrbaycan Respublikası Mǝdǝniyyǝt vǝ Turizm
Nazirliyi (AZ)
Europeana – Athena project

5. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Geographic information in Athena
Do you use a standard set of terms for geographic names?
yes no
27,2% 72,8%
Are the geographic co-ordinates used
to describe this collection?
yes no
4,9% 95,1%
Source: ATHENA-WP3 Standards Survey

6. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Provide basic information for geographic location description of digital
cultural content, which could be used by museums, other cultural
institutions, content holders, curators, and information engineers.
• how to meet cultural documentation standards with the
requirements of geographic information standards (ISO, OpenGIS,
...);
• how to create the appropriate structure of geographic model for
cultural content;
• how to automatically encode geographic data of the cultural
content;
• how to exploit geographic information when using digital cultural
content;
• how to take the advantages of the infrastructure for spatial
information established by EU Inspire Directive.
Guidelines for geographic information

7. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
1. PURPOSE OF GUIDELINES
2. INTRODUCTION TO GIS
2.1. GIS Concept
2.2. GIS Technology
2.3. GIS as Tool
2.4. GIS History Milestones
3. BASIC TERMINOLOGY OF GIS
4. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION ASPECT IN ATHENA PROJECT CONTENT
4.1. Geographic Name Terminology and Co-ordinate Standards
4.2. Using Geographic Co-Ordinates Standards to Describe Their Collections
4.3. Survey Results
5. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN STANDARDS CONCERNING DIGITAL
CULTURAL CONTENT
5.1. CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM)
5.2. Museum Documentation Standard SPECTRUM
Content of guidelines

8. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
5.3. Europeana Semantic Elements Specifications (ESE)
5.4. Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES)
5.5. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
5.6. ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics
5.7. OpenGIS: Open Geospatial Consortium
5.8. INSPIRE EU Directive
6. IMPLEMENTATION OF GIS IN DIGITAL CULTURAL CONTENT
6.1. Conceptual Model
6.2. Possible GIS Models
6.3. Quick Thoughts
6.4. Curriculum of Training: Introduction of GIS
Content of guidelines

9. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: GIS Resources and Links
Appendix 2: Detail Answers in ATHENA Survey
Appendix 2.1: Standards for Geographic Names
Appendix 2.2: Standards for Geographic Co-ordinates
Appendix 3: Geographic Information in Standards Concerning Digital
Cultural Content
Appendix 3.1: CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model
Appendix 3.2: Museum Documentation Standard SPECTRUM
Appendix 3.3: Europeana Semantic Elements Specifications (SEM)
Appendix 3.4: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (DCMES)
Appendix 3.5: Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS)
Appendix 3.6: ISO/TC 211 Geographic Information/Geomatics
Appendix 3.7: OPENGIS: Open Geospatial Consortium
Appendix 3.8: INSPIRE EU Directive
Content of guidelines

10. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Content of guidelines
Appendix 4: Further Elaboration for Implementation of GIS in Digital Cultural
Content
Appendix 4.1: Literature on Data Structure Supported by GIS
Appendix 4.2: Geocoding
Appendix 4.3: Retrieval with Ontology

11. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
GIS models
The proposed seven prototypes of GIS models were developed
with aim that museums, archives, libraries, audiovisual
institutions and other data providers clearly understand what
they should be working on and implement in the future. These
GIS models range from simplest to most complex.
In our work within Athena project we have developed concepts
of these possible GIS models and prepared small sample
database for each model. We have also developed prototype
internet applications, performed simulation and disscusion of
issues pertaining to each model. Videos demonstrating features
of each model are published at Athena website for users to
open or download.

12. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
GIS models
The proposed GIS models are listed below:
• »Provider« which contains only geographic locations of content
providers,
• »Country« which represents graphical representation of country of
content providers,
• »Current« which contains current geographic location of the physical
objects,
• »Event« which contains geographic locations of events concerning
physical objects,
• »Identify« makes use of geo topological relations among several GIS
entities.
• »Historical maps« which refer to geocoded historical maps
• »3D« which refers to three dimensional representation of movable or
immovable cultural objects
•These basic models could be implemented as single one or in
combination.

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1. GIS Model: Provider
2. GIS Model: Country
GIS models

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3. GIS Model: Current
4. GIS Model: Event
GIS models

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5. GIS Model: Identify
6. GIS Model: Historical
maps
GIS models

16. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
GIS models
7. GIS Model: 3D

17. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Purpose of guidelines
• raising awareness of GIS technologies potential in cultural sector;
• to make introduction to fundamental GIS concepts by explaining
basic GIS terms to all readers thus furthering better
understanding;
• demonstrating benefits that can be achieved by inclusion of
geographic information in process of creating digital cultural
content;
• to offer basic recommendations and tools how to tackle problems
for overcoming bottlenecks in introducing GIS;
• to make strong suggestions to all Athena and Europeana content
providers on ways how to enrich current content with appropriate
geographic information in short but also long term.

18. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
However guidelines are not
• research in development of new GIS methods;
• scientific in-depth theory or discussion of new methods in great
detail;
• development of GIS software, adds-in, API-s;
• technical specifications of GIS portals and data bases;
• requirements for thesaurus or SKOS;
• or detail plan for GIS implementation in cultural institutions.

19. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
CARARE is designed to involve and support Europe's network
of heritage agencies and organisations, archaeological
museums and research institutions and specialist digital
archives in:
• making the digital content for the archaeology and
architectural heritage that they hold available through
Europeana,
• aggregating content and delivering services, and
• enabling access to 3D and Virtual Reality content through
Europeana.
Europeana – Carare project

20. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Carare partners •Kulturarvsstyrelsen
•MDR Partners
•Stichting European Digital Library
•Archaeology Data Service
•Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa
•Cyprus Research and Educational Foundation
•Heritage Malta
•Visual Dimension
•Digital Curation Unit
•Swedish National Heritage Board
•Erfgoed Nederland
•Cultural Heritage Agency, The Netherlands
•N303BV
•Krajowy Ośrodek Badań i Dokumentacji Zabytków
•Deutsches Archäologische Institut
•Direction des Monuments et des Sites, Ministère de
la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale
•Eesti Vabariigi Kultuuriministeerium
•Narodni pamatkovy ustav
•Pamiatkový úrad Slovenskej republiky
•Directorate of the National Archive of Monuments -
Hellenic Ministry of Culture
•Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Slovenia
•Archaeological Heritage Agency
•Vilnius University, Faculty of Communication
•Institutul de Memorie Culturala
•National Archaeological Institute with Museum
•Centro Andaluz de Arqueología Ibérica, Universidad
de Jaén
•National Technical University of Athens
•Data Archiving and Networked Services

21. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Carare geospatial data
Type Collections Items Countries
Point 20 4.702.294
Line 13 25.900
Polygon 23 1.042.354
Image/Grid 13 4.165.023
Total Spatial«Yes« 33 14
Total Spatial«No« 47
Source: Carare Survey
Scope: Archaeological Sites, Architectural buildings, Monuments,
Archaeological excavations, ...

22. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Spatial - Information about locations or positions in space.
• Location set
• Named location
• Address
• Geopolitical area
• Geopolitical area type
• Cadastral reference
• Historical name
• Spatial reference system
Carare metadata scheme v1.1
• Cartographic reference
• Spatial feature type
• Coordinates
• Geometry
• Bounding box
• Quickpoints
• Entity
• Stored precision, delivery precision
• Height
• Area
• Representations
Address
• Building name
• Number in road Road name
• Town or city
• Postcode or zipcode
• Locality
• Admin area
• Country

23. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Carare semantic mapping

24. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
• The review of the GIS services and being made available in
EuropeanaLabs through the EuropeanaConnect project or
other projects in the cluster (by month 12).
• The evaluation of the potential for enriching the place-name
services in Europeana through monument inventory data
from the domain and report on the results to the Europeana
cluster (by month 18).
•The evaluation of the potential for the gazetteer and geo-
parser services available from Europeana to enrich heritage
content and report on the results to partners and the
Europeana Project Group (by month 24).
• The recommendations on geographic information for
archaeology/architecture domain content providers (by
month 24)
Geographic information in Carare

25. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Testing Europeana geoparsing service

26. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Testing Europeana geoparsing service

27. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Testing Europeana geoparsing service

28. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE Directive
• Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community
(INSPIRE).
• The INSPIRE directive came into force on 15 May 2007 and will
be implemented in various stages, with full implementation
required by 2019.
• The INSPIRE directive aims to create a European Union (EU)
spatial data infrastructure. This will enable the sharing of
environmental spatial information among public sector
organisations and better facilitate public access to spatial
information across Europe.

29. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE Directive
• European Spatial Data Infrastructure will assist in policy-making
across boundaries. Therefore the spatial information considered
under the directive is extensive and includes a great variety of
topical and technical themes.

30. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Oportunities from INSPIRE to CARARE
• Use specifications on coordinate systems, meta
data, data structures
• Focus on suggested standards, recommendations
guidelines, and good pracice documents
• Use of data and services( e.g. geographic names,
addresses. administrative units,transformation
services)
• Use of orthoimagery
• Making CARARE data more interoperable
• Reuse of CARARE data for other networks
• Sustainabilty of CARARE results

31. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE scope

32. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE implementing rules
To ensure that the spatial data infrastructures of the Member States
are compatible and usable in a Community and transboundary
context, the Directive requires that common Implementing Rules
(IR) are adopted in a number of specific areas:
• Metadata
• Data Specifications
• Network Services
• Data and Service Sharing
• Monitoring and Reporting

33. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE specification on
coordinate reference systems
...

34. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE implementing rules for metadata
• Identification
• Classification of spatial data an services
• Keyword
• Geographic location
• Temporal reference
• Quality and validity
The following section describes the INSPIRE metadata elements
briefly as specified by the INSPIRE Implementing Rules for
Metadata. The elements are ordered in broader categories:

35. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE data specification on addresses
Sweden Denmark United Kingdom
Mainstreet 6 1101
12345 Farsta
Mainstreet 6 1 TV
2400 København
NV
Flat 1A 6,
Mainstreet
Fairfield
Wandsworth
London SW18
1ED
The Netherlands
Belgium
(Flanders)
Germany
Mainstreet 24 2500
AA Den Haag
Mainstreet 6 bus
3 2140
Antwerpen
Mainstreet 6 67
433 Kelkheim
Spain Czech Republic
Mainstreet 6 left 1 1
Cortijo del Marqués
41037, Écija (Sevilla)
Mainstreet 360/6
Chodov 149 00
Prague 41

36. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE data specification on
protected sites
Examples of Protected Site exclusions and inclusions
In this theme Not in this theme
• protected archaeological sites; •
protected buildings; • salmonid and
cyprinid waters (Fresh Water Fish
Directive); • shellfish growing waters
(Shellfish Growing Waters Directive).
• restricted areas around drinking water
sources (Water Framework Directive); •
nitrate-vulnerable zones (Nitrates Directive); •
dumping sites; • noise reduction zones;
• planning and land use controls; •
prospecting and mining permit areas; • river
basin districts;
• coastal zone management areas; • bathing
waters (Bathing Waters Directive);
Application
schemas
The INSPIRE data specification on Protected sites includes three application
schemas:

37. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE data specification on
protected sites

38. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
INSPIRE data specification on
protected sites

39. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Opportunities from Carare to Europeana
• Evaluation of services, API-s, UI,...
• Refining the imlementation of standards
• Re-use of geocodes of archaeology/architecture
domain also for movable cultural content

40. Workshop Wien 4-5.11 2010: Place, Cultural Heritage and the Internet
Thanks for your attention
www.carare.eu
franc.zakrajsek@guest.arnes.si