General Chemistry Grade 12 slides,

1. PROPERTIES OF
MATTER

3. PHYSICAL PROPERTY

4. BOILING POINT

5. MELTING POINT

6. DENSITY

7. TEMPERATURE

8. SUBSTANCE

9. HARDNESS

10. CONDUCTIVITY

11. COMPETENCY
distinguish between physical and chemical
properties and give examples
STEM_GC11MP-Ia-b-3

12. OVERVIEW
01
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES 02
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES

13. PHYSICAL
PROPERTY

14. How do plants grow and why are they green?
Why is the sun hot?
Why does a hot dog get hot in a microwave oven?
Why does wood burn whereas rocks do not?
What is a flame?
How does soap work?
Why does soda fizz when you open the bottle?
When iron rusts, what’s happening?
Why doesn’t aluminum rust?
How does a cold pack for an athletic injury, which is stored for weeks or
months at room temperature, suddenly get cold when you need it?
How does a hair permanent work?

15. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
● Are those that can be observed and
measured without changing the
composition of a substance
Substance - type of matter that has the same properties and the
same composition throughout a sample

16. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Change
Changes in physical properties of a substance
Ex. melting a solid
boiling liquid
hammering a copper wire into a flat shape grinding
sugar into fine powder

17. Some Physical Properties

18. Some Physical Properties

19. 1. MELTING POINT
The temperature at which a solid begins to melt
Substance Melting Point
Iron 1, 535°C
Copper 1,083°C
Silver 960°C
Lead 327°C
Butter 32°C
Ice 0°C

20. 2. FREEZING POINT
The temperature at which liquid freezes

21. 3. BOILING POINT
- Temperature at which the liquid boils
Substance Boiling Point
Mercury 357°C
Water 100°C
Ethyl 78°C
Carbon tetrachloride 76.8°C
Chlorine 34.6°C

22. 4. TEMPERATURE
Property of matter that
determines whether there
can be heat energy
transfer from one object to
another
Celsius Temperature Scale

23. SAMPLE 1. Convert 167°F to Celsius.
• Step #1: Subtract 32 from the temperature.
• 167 – 32 = 135
•
Step #2: Then multiply by 5.
• 135 x 5 =675
•
Step #3: Then divide by 9.
• 675 ÷ 9 = 75
• Therefore, 167°F = 75°C

24. SAMPLE 2: Convert 100 °C to F.
• Step #1: Multiply the temperature by 9.
• 100 x 9 = 900
•
Step #2: Then divide by 5.
• 900 ÷ 5 = 180
•
Step #3: Then add by 32.
• 180 + 32 = 212
• Therefore, 100°C = 212°F

25. SAMPLE 3
Convert 10 K to Celsius
• Step #1: Add the temperature by 273.
• 10 + 273 = 283
•
Therefore, 10 K = 283°C

26. 5. DENSITY
ratio of the mass of a
sample to its volume
Density = mass /
volume
d = m / V

27. 5. DENSITY

28. 6. VOLATILITY
is a material quality
which describes how
readily a substance
vaporizes

29. 7. METALLIC PROPERTIES
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Ability to conduct
electricity
MAGNETIC PROPERTY
Ability to attract
materials made of
iron and steel

30. 7. METALLIC PROPERTIES
MALLEABILITY
Capability of a material to
be hammered into thin
sheets
DUCTILITY
Ability of a material
to be drawn into
wires

31. CHEMICAL
PROPERTY

32. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Are properties that
can only be
identified when
one substance
reacts with another
substance
Ex. rusting of iron
Iron will react faster with Oxygen when iron is place in
a damp place than placed in a dry place.

33. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to change in odor
Fresh coconut oil
when exposed for
several days smells
unpleasant

34. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to change in color
Silver when
tarnished turns
from yellowish tint
deep yellow and
even black

35. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to form gases (bubbles)
When an Alka-Seltzer is
dropped in water or
when vinegar is
added to sodium
bicarbonate, bubbles
formed

36. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to give off light and heat
● When we observe fireworks, light
and heat are given off and
sounds are usually produced
● Burning of fuel
(releases heat)

37. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to form precipitate
● Precipitate is formed
when two liquids react
● Combination of vinegar and milk wherein yellowish rubbery lumps form

38. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to change in temperature or energy
● Is the production (exothermic) or loss (endothermic)of heat.
● When dynamite explodes,
mechanical energy is produced,
and when the battery of a car
produces electricity, electrical
energy is produced

39. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHARACTERISTICS
Ability to change in form
● Every chemical change varies the identity and
properties of the original substances

40. 1. Flammability
ability of a
substance to
burn when in
contact with
flame, producing
new substance

41. 2. Chemical Reactivity
rusting (iron)
how a substance
reacts with
another
substance

42. 2. Chemical Reactivity
tarnishing (silver, copper, brass, etc) rusting (iron)

43. Intensive and Extensive
Properties

44. Thank You!