The document outlines the objectives and components of fetal pig dissections, focusing on the respiratory and circulatory systems. Key elements include the identification of organ functions, blood flow tracing, and understanding mammalian fetal circulation. It also discusses the mechanical and physiological aspects of breathing, along with blood's essential functions in the body.

1. Fetal Pig Dissections-II
Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

2. Objectives
 Identify and describe the function of the main
organs and structures in the circulatory system.
 Trace the flow of blood through the pulmonary
and systemic circuits.
 Describe how the circulatory and respiratory
systems work together to bring about the
integrated functioning of the body.
 Understand mammalian fetal circulation from a
mechanical, physiological, and evolutionary
perspective.

3. Respiratory System
 Simple diffusion across cell membrane
– Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda,
Annelida
 Unique Tracheal System of Insects
 Gills in Fish
 Lungs in Terrestrial vertebrates

5. Lung
Diaphragm
Air
inhaled
Rib cage
expands as
rib muscles
contract
Rib cage gets
smaller as
rib muscles
relax
Air
exhaled
EXHALATION
Diaphragm relaxes
(moves up)
INHALATION
Diaphragm contracts
(moves down)

6. Smoker’s Lungs

7. Circulatory System
Simple Diffusion
– Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes
Use of Pseudocoelom in Nematoda
Open and Closed circulatory system

8. Mammalian Blood
 The functions of blood include
– carrying O2 and CO2 between mitochondria and lungs
– transporting nutrients from the digestive tract to other
tissues in the body
– moving waste products to the kidney and liver for
processing
– conveying hormones from glands to target tissues
– delivering immune system cells to sites of infection
– distributing heat from deeper organs to the surface.

9. Superior
vena cava
Pulmonary
artery
Capillaries
of right lung
3
7
3
8
9
2
4
11
5
1
10
Aorta
Pulmonary
vein
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Inferior
vena cava
Capillaries of
abdominal organs
and hind limbs
Pulmonary
vein
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Aorta
Capillaries
of left lung
Pulmonary
artery
Capillaries of
head and
forelimbs

11. Adult Heart

12. Fetal Heart
Ductus Arteriosus

13. Fetal Heart
Foramen Ovale

14. Wrap up Discussion

15. Mammalian Respiratory System
Larynx
Thyroid cartilage
Thymus gland
Trachea
Parathyroid gland
Thyroid gland
Thymus gland
Right Lung
Diaphragm
Left Lung

16. Circulatory System-I (Heart)
Left Atrium
Left Ventricle
Left pulmonary artery
Aorta
Ductus Arteriosus
Left Subclavian artery
Anterior vena cava
Brachiocephalic trunk
Aortic Arch
Right Atrium
Pulmonary trunk
Right Ventricle

17. Circulatory System-I (Heart)

18. Circulatory System-II
Above Diaphragm

19. Circulatory System-II
Above Diaphragm

20. Circulatory System-III
Below Diaphragm

21. Circulatory System-III
Below Diaphragm

22. Heart: List of Structures
45. Coronary arteries and veins
46. Right atrium
47. Right ventricle
48. Left atrium
49. Left ventricle
50. Pulmonary trunk
51. Ductus arteriosus
52. Aortic arch
53. Aorta
54. Precava
55. Postcava