GAD TRAINING

1. GENDER
AND
DEVELOPMENT

2. MYTH or TRUTH?
If a father does the household work, he is considered as
UNDER DE SAYA?

3. MYTH or TRUTH?
Men are better leaders and administrators than women?

4. MYTH or TRUTH?
It is the woman’s fault if she is being harassed sexually when
she is wearing skimpy clothing.

5. MYTH or TRUTH?
It is not proper for a girl to say I Love You” first to a boy.

6. MYTH or TRUTH?
The mother should be the one responsible for child – rearing
and parenting.

7. WHAT IS GENDER
AND
DEVELOPMENT?
Focuses on the socially constructed basis of differences
between men and women and emphasizes the need to
challenge existing gender roles and relations

8. Sex refers to biological and physiological characteristics that
define male or female.
Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours,
expressions, identities of girls, women, boys, men and gender
diverse people.

9. WHAT IS GENDER?
Gender is a social and cultural concept that refers to roles,
behaviors, activities, and identities that a society considers
appropriate for men, women, and other gender identities.
Unlike biological sex, which is assigned at birth (male,
female, or intersex), gender is more about how individuals
experience and express themselves.

10. Types of Gender.
3. Cisgender – A person whose gender identity matches their
sex assigned at birth..
Example: A person assigned female at birth who identifies as
a woman.
4.Transgender - A person whose gender identity is different
from the sex they were assigned at birth.
Example: A person assigned male at birth but identifies as a
woman.

11. Types of Gender.
3. Non-Binary - A person who does not identify exclusively as
male or female.They may identify as both, neither, or
somewhere in between.
4. Genderqueer - A broad term for gender identities that are
not strictly male or female. Often overlaps with non-binary.

12. Types of Gender.
5. Genderfluid - A person whose gender identity changes
over time.They may feel more masculine, feminine, or neutral
at different moments.
6. Agender - A person who does not identify with any gender.
Sometimes called genderless or neutral.

13. Types of Gender.
7. Bigender - A person who identifies with two gender
identities, either at the same time or switching between them.
8.Two-Spirit - A term used by some Indigenous North
American cultures to describe a person who fulfills a
traditional third-gender (or other gender-variant) role in
their community.

14. Types of Gender.
9. Demiboy / Demigirl - A person who partially identifies as
a boy or girl.Demiboy: Part boy, part another
identity.Demigirl: Part girl, part another identity.
10. IntergenderA person whose gender identity is between
male and female or a mix of both.
11. AndrogynousSomeone who presents or identifies with a
blend of masculine and feminine traits.

15. WHAT IS DEVELOPMENT?
Creating a society where both women and men, regardless of
gender identity, have equal rights, access, opportunities, and
benefits in all aspects of life—such as education,
employment, health, decision-making, and freedom from
discrimination or violence.

16. Key Concepts of Development!
• Inclusive Growth - Development must include everyone,
especially those who have been historically disadvantaged
(e.g., women, LGBTQIA+, people with disabilities, etc.).
• Equity and Equality - It promotes fairness by addressing
the different needs, roles, and contributions of people
based on their gender.

17. Key Concepts of Development!
• Empowerment - It supports programs and policies that
empower all genders, especially marginalized groups, to
participate fully and equally in nation-building.
• Social Justice - It seeks to eliminate gender-based
discrimination, stereotypes, and biases that prevent true
development.

18. Gender Socialization- is the process by which gender
or sexes are differentiated by society through norms,
values, and other means.
Agent of Socialization- are the people, groups, and social
institutions that affect one’s self-concept, attitudes, and
behaviors.
Family
School
Peers
Media
Religion

19. FAMILY- is a basic unit of
the society. Gender issues in the
family begins with child care and
rearing. How family members
communicate with one another,
and how parents interact with
their children.

20. Canalization is a
gender socialization
through interaction
with toys, colors, and
objects.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

21. MANIPULATION- Parents handle girls and boys
differently

22. VERBAL APPELLATION
The process of telling children
what they are and what is expected
to them. Likes “strong” for boys
and “beautiful” for girls help them
construct different identities. It
always strength versus beauty. The
way we talk to our children can
show how important gender is.
STRONG
BEAUTIFUL

23. Activities Exposure
the different kinds of
activities that girls and
boys are exposed . Girls
are helping their mother
while boys usually
accompany their fathers
outside the house.

24. School - is the second
responsible in taking bold
steps in shaping gender
equality . What about our text
books, the language itself, the
learning materials, the carrier
options segregation etc.
should make clear connection
to gender and development.

25. Peer
As the child grow older,
peers will play a bigger role in
their life. Friends can influence
everything from what their
hobbies are, to what their wear,
how they spend their time and
how they talk.
However, it is important to
remember that peer pressure
can both negative and positive
impacts.

26. MEDIA
Reinforces
gender
stereotypes and
sex-based
discrimination
through media
portrayal of
women and men.

27. Religion
can lay out a very different
roles for women and men.The
Prophets and Holy people are
nearly always men. God is
nearly always a man.This
gives ideas that men are more
more important .

28. Gender Issues - refers to problem and concerns that arise
from the unequal status of women and men including differential
characteristics , roles and expectations.
1. Marginalization
2. Multiple Burden
3. Subordination
4. Stereotyping
5.Violence

29. MARGINALIZATION
the process which women or
men into the periphery of
economic and social life of the
decision-making process as
well as diminishing the value of
the activities in which they
engage in and through which
they contribute to the national
development process.

30. MULTIPLE BURDEN
refers to the fact that women tend to
work longer and more fragmented
days than men as they usually
involved in three
different gender roles .
Reproductive role
Productive role
Community Role

31. SUBORDINATION
one sex is under the
submission or the authority
of another sex. Domination
of men to women and or
vice versa. Imbalanced
power relations

32. GENDER STEREOTYPING are fixed ideas about women and men
capabilities, roles, traits and how people should behave in the society, base
on their gender.
Family socialization, educational system career option, portrayal of women in
the media, teaching of various religious groups. Women are trapped and
limited by those stereotypes.

33. VIOLENCE refers to harmful acts directed at an individual based
on their gender. It is rooted in gender inequality, the abuse of power
and harmful norms. It is a serious violation of human rights and life-
threatening health and protection issue.
1. Domestic violence – physical, psychological, economic, sexual
2. Sexual Harassment (workplace)
SEXUAL HARASSMENT

34. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN AND THEIR CHILDREN
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ABUSE PHYSICAL ABUSE ECONOMIC ABUSE SEXUAL ABUSE

35. 1.The 1987 Philippine Constitution,
1.Article II, Section 11: Affirms the state's value of human dignity
and guarantees full respect for human rights.
2.Article XIII, Section 1: The State shall give highest priority to
the enactment of measures that protect human dignity and
reduce social, economic, and political inequalities.
3.While the Constitution does not explicitly mention SOGIE
(Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression), these
provisions have been interpreted to include protection for all
Filipinos, regardless of gender or sexuality.

36. 2. Anti-Bullying Act of 2013 (RA 10627)Requires all schools to adopt policies
to prevent and address bullying. Includes bullying based on gender and
perceived or actual sexual orientation.
3. Child Protection Policy (DepEd Order No. 40, s. 2012)Protects children
from discrimination, abuse, and bullying, including those based on gender
identity or expression. Mandates schools to take action against gender-based
bullying.
4. Civil Service Commission Policies Prohibits discrimination in the
workplace based on sexual orientation and gender identity for government
employees. CSC Memorandum Circular No. 29, s. 2010 affirms this
policy.5. Commission on Human Rights (CHR)The CHR recognizes
LGBTQIA+ rights as human rights and monitors human rights
violations against LGBTQIA+ persons. ️
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37. 5. Pending National Law SOGIE Equality Bill (Anti-Discrimination Bill)Aims
to penalize discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, gender identity, and
expression.Not yet passed into law despite years of lobbying and several versions
filed in Congress.Faces opposition from conservative and religious groups.
6. Local Anti-Discrimination Ordinances Many cities and municipalities have
passed local ordinances protecting LGBTQIA+ rights.These typically penalize
discrimination in employment, education, access to services, and public
accommodations.
Penalties in these areas can range from fines to imprisonment depending
on the local law.

38. Factors that keep women in violence relationship
a) Emotional factors
-Hope that the abusive partner will change
-Concern for the children
-Love and emotional investment
- confidence to make the decision
b) Structural factors
- Lack of resources
- Lack of support system
- Lack of education and awareness
- Lack of employment and training

39. DISCRIMINATION

40. Gender Issues of Men in the Family
-Wrong perception that men are only interested in sex.
- Discrimination and lack of support for men who decides
to stay at home.
- Unfair expectation that men are supposed to be the
breadwinner.

41. Gender Issues of Men In the Society
- Toxic masculinity
- Wrong depiction of men in media
- Traditional perception on how should man would behave
- Lack of support for men who victims of abuse
Men suffer more than a women from
unemployment

42. Gender Issues of Men in the Workplace
-unrealistic expectation from male workers
-more exposed to dangerous job
-abuse working conditions

43. GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
is a long process and it can divide into three stages;
Political Empowerment
Economic Empowerment
Education Empowerment

44. 10 ReasonWhy Gender Equality Is
Important
1. It saves lives
2. It results in better healthcare
3. It helps business
4. Its good for the economy
5. Children are healthier
6. It leads to better legal protection
7. It leads to better racial equality
8. It reduces poverty
9. It reduces human trafficking
10. It can lead to peace

45. Galatians 3:28
"There is no longer Jew or Greek, there is no
longer slave or free, there is no longer male and
female; for all of you are one in Christ Jesus.

46. Ms. Liza Maza
Former Representative of Gabriela Women's Party and women’s rights
“Empowering women is not just about
fairness—it's about progress. A nation
cannot rise with half of its people held back.”

47. THANK YOU!