Gender analysis in value chains: What data reveals for program design

This document summarizes different types of data that can reveal gender dynamics in value chains, including quantitative data on sex segmentation, wages, and sales as well as qualitative data on access to resources, beliefs, and laws/policies. It provides examples of complementary data sources showing differences in participation, income, and returns for men and women in passion fruit farming groups in Kenya. The document also outlines an INGIA-VC process for integrating gender into value chain analysis using frameworks to assess gender dimensions, constraints, and strategies to support gender equity.

Gender analysis in value chains:
What data reveals for program
design

Cristina Manfre, Senior associate
Cultural Practice, LLC
May 23, 2011
Nairobi, Kenya

‘Not everything that counts can be counted and
not everything that can be counted counts.’

Albert Einstein

Types of value chain data
Quantitative Qualitative
– Sex-segmentation, Practices and participation
informality, labor allocation Access to control and productive
– Distribution of value added resources
– Prices, volumes, costs, inputs, Beliefs and perceptions
wages, and production data Laws and policies
– Forward and backward Power
linkages

Complementary data sources
Group Sex Number of Number of Sales (Ksh) Income per Avg return
members vines capita (Ksh) per vine (Ksh)

Passion Male 1207 178,200 7 million 5800 39.28
Fruit

Female 511 60,261 4 million 7828 66.38

• Why is women’s participation lower than men’s in the group?

• What type of access do women have to land on which they are going passion
fruit?

• What perceptions exist around women’s income from passion fruit?

•What accounts for the production and marketing differences?

Integrating Gender into Agricultural
Value Chains (INGIA-VC) Process

Gender Dimensions Framework

Access to, control over,
and ownership of
productive assets

Laws and policies Power Beliefs and perceptions

Practices and
Participation

Gender-based constraints
… are barriers or limits that inhibit either men’s
or women’s access to resources or
opportunities based on characteristics
associated with their gender roles.

The term encompasses both the measurable
inequalities as well as the processes that
contribute to a specific condition of gender
inequality.

Measurable gender
inequality or disparity
+ Factor causing that
condition

Gender-based constraint
statement

Example: Kenya Dairy Value Chain
Fewer women than men are members of the dairy
producers association (although women are
caretakers of dairy cows)
+ Dairy associations require titled ownership to
land

Women are constrained from full membership in
the dairy association because they are not
registered landowners.
(And thus do not receive payment for the milk.)

Strategies to Support Gender Equity

• Targeting: Address the
Needs of Women
• Empowerment: Foster
Equitable Participation
and Women’s Leadership
• Economic Efficiency:
Support Women’s
Economic Advancement

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