AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM - SYMPATHETIC AND PARA SYMPATHETIC

1. AUTONOMOUS NERVOUS SYSTEM:
SYMPATHETIC ,PARASYMPATHETIC ,
THEIR FUNCTIONS AND EFFECTS
BY :- SAURABH PATEL(2404) ,GAURAV(2404),
APARNA (2403),ADITYA (2403)

2. Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system regulates
involuntary bodily functions.
It consists of two main branches: the
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous
systems.
These two branches work in opposition to
maintain internal balance.

3. Sympathetic Nervous System Overview
The sympathetic nervous system is
responsible for the body's "fight or flight"
response.
It activates during times of stress or
danger.
It prepares the body for action by
increasing heart rate, dilating pupils, and
releasing adrenaline.

4. Parasympathetic Nervous System Overview
The parasympathetic nervous system is
responsible for the body's "rest and digest"
response.
It activates during times of relaxation and
rest.
It promotes activities like digestion,
lowering heart rate, and conserving energy.

5. Sympathetic Nervous System Functions
Increases heart rate and blood pressure.
Dilates airways to improve oxygen intake.
Inhibits digestion to redirect energy to
muscles.

6. Sympathetic Nervous System Effects
Pupil dilation for improved vision.
Sweating to cool the body.
Release of glucose for quick energy.

7. Parasympathetic Nervous System Functions
Slows heart rate and lowers blood
pressure.
Stimulates digestion and nutrient
absorption.
Constricts airways to conserve energy.

8. Parasympathetic Nervous System Effects
Constriction of pupils for close vision.
Promotion of salivation for digestion.
Stimulation of bowel movements.

9. Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System
Sympathetic prepares the body for action,
while parasympathetic promotes relaxation.
Sympathetic is known as "fight or flight,"
while parasympathetic is known as "rest
and digest."
Both systems work together to maintain
homeostasis in the body.

10. Sympathetic Nervous System Pathway
Originates in the thoracic and lumbar
regions of the spinal cord.
Ganglia are located close to the spinal
cord.
Uses norepinephrine as the primary
neurotransmitter.

11. Parasympathetic Nervous System Pathway
Originates in the cranial nerves and sacral
region of the spinal cord.
Ganglia are located near or within target
organs.
Uses acetylcholine as the primary
neurotransmitter.

12. Sympathetic Nervous System Diagram
Image showing the sympathetic nervous
system pathway.
Highlighting the activation of key organs
like the heart, lungs, and adrenal glands.
Demonstrating the release of adrenaline for
the "fight or flight" response.

13. Parasympathetic Nervous System Diagram
Image illustrating the parasympathetic
nervous system pathway.
Highlighting the activation of key organs
like the digestive system and bladder.
Showing the promotion of relaxation and
digestion.

14. Impact of Stress on the Autonomic Nervous System
Prolonged stress can lead to chronic
activation of the sympathetic nervous
system.
This can result in health issues like high
blood pressure and digestive problems.
Techniques like mindfulness and relaxation
can help balance the autonomic nervous
system.

15. Autonomic Nervous System and Exercise
Exercise can activate the sympathetic
nervous system to increase heart rate and
oxygen delivery.
After exercise, the parasympathetic
nervous system helps the body rest and
recover.
Regular physical activity can improve
autonomic nervous system function.

16. Autonomic Nervous System and Mental Health
Imbalance in the autonomic nervous
system can contribute to mental health
disorders like anxiety and depression.
Mind-body practices such as meditation
and yoga can help regulate the autonomic
nervous system.
Seeking professional help is important for
managing mental health conditions.

17. Autonomic Nervous System Disorders
Disorders like dysautonomia can affect the
function of the autonomic nervous system.
Symptoms may include lightheadedness,
rapid heart rate, and digestive issues.
Treatment options vary depending on the
underlying cause of the disorder.

18. Importance of Balancing the Autonomic Nervous
System
Maintaining a balance between the
sympathetic and parasympathetic branches
is crucial for overall health.
Proper autonomic nervous system function
supports optimal bodily functions and
responses.
Lifestyle factors like stress management,
healthy diet, and regular exercise can help
maintain this balance.

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