Gambia gained independence from the UK in 1965 and formed a brief federation with Senegal between 1982-1989. Yahya Jammeh led a coup in 1994 that overthrew the president and banned political activity. A new constitution and elections in 1996 and 1997 completed a return to civilian rule, and Jammeh has been elected president in subsequent elections. The climate is tropical with hot rainy seasons from June to November and cooler dry seasons from November to May, but it only rains a few times per year affecting crops. The population is over 1.7 million, with Islam the majority religion at 90% and English one of the official languages along with Mandinka and others.