Easy & simple & important knowledge

1. DR. ADIL FARUQI
(MD KYRGYZSTAN)

2.  Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form
in your gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid( green –
yellow) produced in your liver and stored in your
gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts
and empties bile into your small intestine (duodenum)
 LOCATION OF GALLBLADDER IS UPPER RIGHT
ABDOMEN
 MOST GALL STONES FORM WHEN THERE IS TOO
MUCH CHOLESTROL IN THE BILE , TOO MUCH
BILIRUBIN IN THE BILE OR CONCENTRATED BILE DUE
TO FULL GALL BLADDER

3. 1. 67% - BILE SALTS/ACIDS (cholic acid, urodeoxycolic
acid, chemodeoxycolic acid)
2. 22% - PHOSPHOLIPIDS
3. 4.5% - PROTEINS
4. 4% - CHOLESTROL
5. 0.3% - BILIRUBIN
ABOUT 400-800 ml BILE IS PRODUCED IN A DAY
MNEMONIC : Blood Pressure Pakistan Cricket Board
B P P C B
67 22 4.5 4 0.3

4.  Cholesterol stones. These are usually yellow-green in color.
They're the most common kind, accounting for 80% of
gallstones.
 Pigment stones. These stones are smaller and darker.
They're made up of bilirubin, which comes from bile, a
fluid your liver makes and your gallbladder stores.
 Mixed stones which are pure calcium stones

5.  Gallstones can lead to pain in the upper right abdomen. You may
start to have gallbladder pain from time to time when you eat
foods that are high in fat, such as fried foods. The pain doesn’t
usually last more than a few hours.
 You may also experience:
 nausea
 vomiting
 dark urine
 clay-colored stools
 stomach pain
 burping
 diarrhea
 indigestion
 These symptoms are also known as biliary colic.

6.  CHOLECYSTITIS(inflammation of gall bladder)
 ACUTE PANCREATITIS(inflammation of pancreas)
 ASCENDING CHOLANGITIS(inflammation of bile
duct)
CHARCOT TRIAD OF CHOLANGITIS INCLUDE:
1. FEVER
2. JAUNDICE
3. RUQ PAIN

7.  4F:
1. FAT
2. FEMALE
3. FERTILE
4. FOURTY
 OCP/HRT
 ILEAL RESECTION
 BACTERIAL OVERGROWTH

8. SUPER SATURATION
NUCLEATION
ACCRETIONS

9.  Tests and procedures used to diagnose gallstones and
complications of gallstones include: Abdominal
ultrasound. This test is the one most commonly used
to look for signs of gallstones. Abdominal ultrasound
involves moving a device (transducer) back and forth
across your stomach area

10.  Surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy).
Your doctor may recommend surgery to remove your
gallbladder, since gallstones frequently recur. ...
 Medications to dissolve gallstones. Medications you
take by mouth may help dissolve gallstones i-e
Ursodil (Astigall or Urso in Pakistan)

11.  REFERENCE IS INTERNET , USMLE FIRST AID, DIMS
NOTES
 This information is very useful in passing PMDC
Examination
FOR FURTHER CONTACT
adilfaruqi222@gmail.com