The proposal seeks funding from Unicef Australia to conduct research on slacktivism behaviors on Facebook and develop an online cognitive dissonance intervention. The research aims to understand slacktivism attitudes, behaviors, and social norms. It also aims to create a sense of hypocrisy in slacktivists by drawing attention to their conflicting attitudes of supporting Unicef versus lack of meaningful action. The intervention would try to convert slacktivists into active donors by motivating them to reduce cognitive dissonance between their views and behaviors. Previous cognitive dissonance interventions have effectively changed attitudes and behaviors around issues like eating disorders, discrimination, and condom use.
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and Georgetown University’s Center for Social Impact Communication developed this study with the objectives of showcasing trends in cause involvement and evaluating the role of a variety of activities in fostering engagement. An online survey was conducted by TNS Global among a nationally representative sample of 2,000 Americans ages 18 and over. The survey was fielded November 30 to December 22, 2010, and has a margin of error of +/-2.2% at the 95% confidence level.
FILM 260 - Flipbook (Clicktivism: The Next Stage in Online Activism)Neetya Sarin
Clicktivism: The Next Stage in Online Activism
Utilizing the New Era of Hyperconnectivity for Social Good
Created for FILM 260 at Queen's University - Spring 2017.
Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide and Georgetown University’s Center for Social Impact Communication developed this study with the objectives of showcasing trends in cause involvement and evaluating the role of a variety of activities in fostering engagement. An online survey was conducted by TNS Global among a nationally representative sample of 2,000 Americans ages 18 and over. The survey was fielded November 30 to December 22, 2010, and has a margin of error of +/-2.2% at the 95% confidence level.
FILM 260 - Flipbook (Clicktivism: The Next Stage in Online Activism)Neetya Sarin
Clicktivism: The Next Stage in Online Activism
Utilizing the New Era of Hyperconnectivity for Social Good
Created for FILM 260 at Queen's University - Spring 2017.
Social Fundraising Best Practices & Key Metrics:
In this data-driven session, we’ll profile insights into social fundraising trends, key metrics, and key analytics your organization should be leveraging. Our speaker will demonstrate how your nonprofit can increase revenue and gain new donors by providing tools to tap into your constituents’ social networks.
Raise more money: Turn your volunteers & supporters into fundraisersJeff Achen
Social networking has fostered an explosion of social sharing and caring like never before. Individuals are asking their Facebook friends for donations in support of a 5K run for their favorite charity. People are tweeting the link to personal fundraising pages on their birthdays or wedding days. Volunteers are championing your cause when they are offline and online.
In this webinar, we'll explore ways to tap into social fundraising by turning your volunteers and supporters into fundraisers using GiveMN's fundraising and team campaign tools.
Here's what we'll cover:
How to discover and engage your biggest supporters, volunteers and advocates
How to promote social sharing and social fundraising for your organization
How to provide support to people fundraising on GiveMN on your behalf
Ideas for creative fundraisers
Sara LeGrand of Duke University highights a gaming and social networking app to improve medication adherence among youth HIV+ black men who have sex with men. Presented at YTH Live 2014 session "Stick to it: Tech for Medical Adherence + Health Interventions."
Palkansaajien tutkimuslaitos on julkaissut uudet laskelmat muodostamiensa seitsemän esimerkkiperheen ostovoiman kehityksestä vuosina 2010–2015 ja ennustanut sitä tälle ja ensi vuodelle. Laskelmissa on huomioitu muutokset verotuksessa, sotumaksuissa, sosiaaliturvassa, asuntolainojen hoitokuluissa ja kotitalouskohtaisissa inflaatiovauhdeissa. Yhteensä aikavälillä 2010–2017 käytettävissä olevat reaalitulot kasvavat vähiten palkansaajaperheillä, 0–3 prosenttia, ja eniten eläkeläisperheellä, 13 prosenttia. Kilpailukykysopimus jättää ansiotason nousun ensi vuonna liukumien varaan, mutta samalla kaikkien esimerkkiperheiden verotus kevenee. Vuonna 2016 ostovoiman muutokset asettuvat välille -2,0 ja 1,6 prosenttia ja vuonna 2017 välille -1,5 ja 0,8 prosenttia.
Tutkimuksen perustavoitteena on verrata suomalaisen palkansaajan palkkatasoa eri näkökulmista lähinnä eri EU-maissa työskentelevien palkansaajien palkkoihin. Tiedon lähteenä on EU:n tulo- ja elinolotutkimuksen aineisto eli ns. EU-SILC -aineisto. Suurin osa vertailuista on tehty kokoaikaisille palkansaajille. Tuoreimmat tiedot ovat vuodelta 2011.
Nykyisten EU-maiden joukossa Suomen kokoaikaisten palkansaajien keskimääräi-nen palkkataso, 3132 euroa kuukaudessa vuonna 2011, on EU-keskitasoa korkeampi. Palkkataso on Suomea korkeampi esimerkiksi Tanskassa ja Alankomaissa. Myös Ruot-sissa palkkataso on hieman Suomea korkeampi, mutta ero on hyvin pieni. Saksassa palkat ovat jonkin verran Suomea matalampia. Hintatasoerojen huomioon ottaminen muuttaa Suomen ja Ruotsin sekä Suomen ja Saksan välisen järjestyksen.
Suomessa palkkojen hajonta on vertailumaiden joukossa neljänneksi pienintä. Vähäisintä se on Tanskassa. Baltian maat ja Saksa ovat maita, joissa korkeiden ja matalien palkkojen väliset erot ovat suuria. Näitä maita yhdistää se, että palkoista sovitaan varsin hajautetusti. Toisaalta pienen palkkahajonnan omaavissa maissa, kuten Pohjoismaissa, palkkasopimukset tehdään koordinoidusti.
Suomi on maa, jossa matalapalkkaisuutta on suhteellisen vähän. Määriteltäessä matalapalkkatyö työksi, josta saatava palkka on 2/3-osaa mediaanipalkasta, matalapalkkaisuuden rajaksi tulee Suomessa noin 1900 euroa. Heitä oli kokoaikaisista työn-tekijöistä vuonna 2011 noin 15 prosenttia. Esimerkiksi Saksassa matalapalkkatöissä oli selvästi enemmän työntekijöitä, 23 prosenttia kokoaikaisista työntekijöistä.
Sukupuolten välisessä palkkaerovertailussa Suomi kuuluu suhteellista palkkaeroa mittarina käytettäessä vertailumaiden puoliväliin. Suhteellinen palkkaero naisten ja miesten välillä vaihtelee runsaan 70 ja 90 prosentin välillä. Suomessa se oli vuonna 2011 84 prosenttia.
Suomessa korkeasti koulutettujen palkat ovat suhteellisen matalia ja vähemmän koulutusta saaneiden palkat suhteellisen korkeita. Toisaalta esimerkiksi Ruotsi on maa, jossa vähemmän koulutusta saaneiden palkat ovat korkeampia kuin Suomessa.
Palkat eivät välttämättä nouse iän myötä. Isossa-Britanniassa, Tanskassa ja Saksassa keski-ikäiset ovat parhaiten ansaitseva ikäryhmä. Suomessa ja Norjassakin vanhin ikäryhmä ansaitsee vain vähän enemmän kuin keski-ikäiset. Virossa nuoret ansaitsevat yli 54-vuotiaita enemmän.
Talouskriisivuosien erityispiirre on ollut se, että joissain maissa nimellispalkat ovat laskeneet. Selvintä lasku on ollut Kreikassa, mutta keskimääräinen palkkataso on laskenut myös Espanjassa, Portugalissa ja Irlannissa.
Larmer Brown & dominKnow Learning Systems Learning Technologies Seminar Prese...Larmer Brown
Larmer Brown & dominKnow Learning Systems provide an insight into combining Process Modelling, Content Development and Content Management to deliver a bespoke and affordable Learning solution.
Social Fundraising Best Practices & Key Metrics:
In this data-driven session, we’ll profile insights into social fundraising trends, key metrics, and key analytics your organization should be leveraging. Our speaker will demonstrate how your nonprofit can increase revenue and gain new donors by providing tools to tap into your constituents’ social networks.
Raise more money: Turn your volunteers & supporters into fundraisersJeff Achen
Social networking has fostered an explosion of social sharing and caring like never before. Individuals are asking their Facebook friends for donations in support of a 5K run for their favorite charity. People are tweeting the link to personal fundraising pages on their birthdays or wedding days. Volunteers are championing your cause when they are offline and online.
In this webinar, we'll explore ways to tap into social fundraising by turning your volunteers and supporters into fundraisers using GiveMN's fundraising and team campaign tools.
Here's what we'll cover:
How to discover and engage your biggest supporters, volunteers and advocates
How to promote social sharing and social fundraising for your organization
How to provide support to people fundraising on GiveMN on your behalf
Ideas for creative fundraisers
Sara LeGrand of Duke University highights a gaming and social networking app to improve medication adherence among youth HIV+ black men who have sex with men. Presented at YTH Live 2014 session "Stick to it: Tech for Medical Adherence + Health Interventions."
Palkansaajien tutkimuslaitos on julkaissut uudet laskelmat muodostamiensa seitsemän esimerkkiperheen ostovoiman kehityksestä vuosina 2010–2015 ja ennustanut sitä tälle ja ensi vuodelle. Laskelmissa on huomioitu muutokset verotuksessa, sotumaksuissa, sosiaaliturvassa, asuntolainojen hoitokuluissa ja kotitalouskohtaisissa inflaatiovauhdeissa. Yhteensä aikavälillä 2010–2017 käytettävissä olevat reaalitulot kasvavat vähiten palkansaajaperheillä, 0–3 prosenttia, ja eniten eläkeläisperheellä, 13 prosenttia. Kilpailukykysopimus jättää ansiotason nousun ensi vuonna liukumien varaan, mutta samalla kaikkien esimerkkiperheiden verotus kevenee. Vuonna 2016 ostovoiman muutokset asettuvat välille -2,0 ja 1,6 prosenttia ja vuonna 2017 välille -1,5 ja 0,8 prosenttia.
Tutkimuksen perustavoitteena on verrata suomalaisen palkansaajan palkkatasoa eri näkökulmista lähinnä eri EU-maissa työskentelevien palkansaajien palkkoihin. Tiedon lähteenä on EU:n tulo- ja elinolotutkimuksen aineisto eli ns. EU-SILC -aineisto. Suurin osa vertailuista on tehty kokoaikaisille palkansaajille. Tuoreimmat tiedot ovat vuodelta 2011.
Nykyisten EU-maiden joukossa Suomen kokoaikaisten palkansaajien keskimääräi-nen palkkataso, 3132 euroa kuukaudessa vuonna 2011, on EU-keskitasoa korkeampi. Palkkataso on Suomea korkeampi esimerkiksi Tanskassa ja Alankomaissa. Myös Ruot-sissa palkkataso on hieman Suomea korkeampi, mutta ero on hyvin pieni. Saksassa palkat ovat jonkin verran Suomea matalampia. Hintatasoerojen huomioon ottaminen muuttaa Suomen ja Ruotsin sekä Suomen ja Saksan välisen järjestyksen.
Suomessa palkkojen hajonta on vertailumaiden joukossa neljänneksi pienintä. Vähäisintä se on Tanskassa. Baltian maat ja Saksa ovat maita, joissa korkeiden ja matalien palkkojen väliset erot ovat suuria. Näitä maita yhdistää se, että palkoista sovitaan varsin hajautetusti. Toisaalta pienen palkkahajonnan omaavissa maissa, kuten Pohjoismaissa, palkkasopimukset tehdään koordinoidusti.
Suomi on maa, jossa matalapalkkaisuutta on suhteellisen vähän. Määriteltäessä matalapalkkatyö työksi, josta saatava palkka on 2/3-osaa mediaanipalkasta, matalapalkkaisuuden rajaksi tulee Suomessa noin 1900 euroa. Heitä oli kokoaikaisista työn-tekijöistä vuonna 2011 noin 15 prosenttia. Esimerkiksi Saksassa matalapalkkatöissä oli selvästi enemmän työntekijöitä, 23 prosenttia kokoaikaisista työntekijöistä.
Sukupuolten välisessä palkkaerovertailussa Suomi kuuluu suhteellista palkkaeroa mittarina käytettäessä vertailumaiden puoliväliin. Suhteellinen palkkaero naisten ja miesten välillä vaihtelee runsaan 70 ja 90 prosentin välillä. Suomessa se oli vuonna 2011 84 prosenttia.
Suomessa korkeasti koulutettujen palkat ovat suhteellisen matalia ja vähemmän koulutusta saaneiden palkat suhteellisen korkeita. Toisaalta esimerkiksi Ruotsi on maa, jossa vähemmän koulutusta saaneiden palkat ovat korkeampia kuin Suomessa.
Palkat eivät välttämättä nouse iän myötä. Isossa-Britanniassa, Tanskassa ja Saksassa keski-ikäiset ovat parhaiten ansaitseva ikäryhmä. Suomessa ja Norjassakin vanhin ikäryhmä ansaitsee vain vähän enemmän kuin keski-ikäiset. Virossa nuoret ansaitsevat yli 54-vuotiaita enemmän.
Talouskriisivuosien erityispiirre on ollut se, että joissain maissa nimellispalkat ovat laskeneet. Selvintä lasku on ollut Kreikassa, mutta keskimääräinen palkkataso on laskenut myös Espanjassa, Portugalissa ja Irlannissa.
Larmer Brown & dominKnow Learning Systems Learning Technologies Seminar Prese...Larmer Brown
Larmer Brown & dominKnow Learning Systems provide an insight into combining Process Modelling, Content Development and Content Management to deliver a bespoke and affordable Learning solution.
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxhelzerpatrina
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to.docxadelaidefarmer322
Motivations to Support Charity-Linked Events After Exposure to
Facebook Appeals: Emotional Cause Identification and Distinct
Self-Determined Regulations
Kaspar Schattke
Université du Québec à Montréal
Ronald Ferguson and Michèle Paulin
Concordia University
Nonprofit organizations are increasingly dependent on the involvement of Millennial
constituencies. Three studies investigated their motivations to support charity-linked
events: emotional identification with a cause, self-determination theory (SDT) regula-
tions, and context-related Facebook promotions. This article addresses the recent call to
expand SDT research from a simple analysis of autonomous versus controlled moti-
vation, to studying the effects of all the regulations in the SDT continuum, in particular,
the inclusion of the tripartite dimensions of intrinsic motivation and integrated moti-
vation. Results demonstrated that the greater the emotional identification with the
cause, the stronger was the tendency to support the charity-linked event. Also, the
results in these social media contexts revealed that specific intrinsic dimensions (e.g.,
experience stimulation) are motivators of online and offline support, as is the personal
value nature of integrated regulation. Whereas only autonomous motivational regula-
tions predicted support for the two events organized specifically a for charitable causes,
both autonomous and controlled regulations predicted support of a for-profit event
organized with a charitable cause as an adjunct. These findings can assist practitioners
in designing more effective social media communications in support of charity-linked
events.
Keywords: social media, self-determination theory, integrated regulation, tripartite
model of intrinsic motivation, charitable causes
Supplemental materials: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/mot0000085.supp
Social media is a new domain offering excit-
ing opportunities to investigate research ques-
tions in social psychology (Greitemeyer, 2011;
Kende, Ujhelyi, Joinson, & Greitemeyer, 2015).
Our research examined motivation to support
charity-linked events of nonprofit organizations
that are currently faced with increased compe-
tition for resources and declining government
support (Paulin, Ferguson, Jost, & Fallu, 2014;
Reed, Aquino, & Levy, 2007; White & Peloza,
2009). Presently, they depend on an ageing set
of traditional supporters (Urbain, Gonzalez, &
Le Gall-Ely, 2013). However, their future suc-
cess lies in ensuring the sustainable involve-
ment of the Millennial generation (Fine, 2009),
distinguished from other generations by their
intense exposure at an early age to interactive
technology and social media (Bolton et al.,
2013).
Facebook, the most detailed social media, is
used primarily to maintain or solidify existing
offline relationships allowing people to develop
a public or semipublic profile and to emotion-
ally participate with those whom they can share
This article was published Online First December .
Discuss the concept that attitude and opinion change were consider.docxlynettearnold46882
Discuss the concept that attitude and opinion change were considered to be measures of personal. This was because they were assumed to be enduring. Is this assumption still applicable today? Why and how? .(chapter 8)
Attitude is an action toward or away from an attitude object. An opinion is the way people express their attitude or believe. This could be verbalized while attitudes possessed positive and negative drive value. Tow major of research was done by Hovland and Janis address Laswell model of interpersonal communication who says what to whom in what channel with what effect or outcome. In 1953, this was looking for cause and effect and how one elicits change on another.
Hovland, Kelly, and Janis argued attitude and opinion are enduring. They used three steps in order to determine whether attitude change occurred or not. They include attention, comprehension, and acceptance. Not every message that will catch people’s attention. When the message is complicated, it is hard to comprehend and understand. To make the change, individual should accept changes to avoid any regret later. To overcome this regrets we need to work hard to make sure that we carry out the right decisions and which we are comfortable in.
A research on persuasion involves four parts that are communicator, message, audience and response. Credibility goes hand in hand with the communicator's ability to persuade someone. People tend to do dangerous things when in a group than individually. Persuasion is more successful when the individuals are personally convinced r influenced by an absolute choice. Humans are expected to be active in a given task if they are more involved in the persuasion. Someone with an interest in something is more likely to be persuading over time. Using less effort than that who lacks in Personal Influence. The message and credibility are some of the main factors that affect the rate of influencing persons into something.
In the two-step flow of communication, an individual fundamentally influences the other. The media will be more efficient in eliciting change than any other channel. Its influence is indirect rather than direct. Opinion leaders also play a great role in persuading groups of people. It is out of the persuasion that the public makes a choice based on how convinced they are about these choices.
The basic categories which Hovland, Janis, Lumsdaine, and Sheffield addressed in their persusion research are communicator, content, audience and response. It considered central to attitude change. Hovland used Lasswell's formula of "who says what to whom with what effect."
The Communicator (Who) the group studied source credibility, looking at trustworthiness and expertness. They found that, while high-credibility communicators produced better amounts of attitude change, low-credibility communicators produced little attitude change. Another found, when a person with high-credibility gives false information, a person will dissocia.
Running head: SOCIAL CHANGE 1
5
SOCIAL CHANGE
Social change – child welfare
Student’s name
Course title
Date
Social change – child welfare
Issues to encounter in the strategic plan
Foster children who depend on the society for their living are mostly not given the care that they deserve. Foster children mostly do not grow and develop normally like children who are raised by their biological parents. They face so many problems and that is what this strategic plan wishes to address. Some of the specific issues to encounter include; child abuse, being unwanted, and generally being neglected. Most of these children face poverty, unnecessary disconnections from family and also limited access to opportunities. These children face the above problems because they do not have anyone to represent them in the political world, they have no voice therefore no one can hear them, and they are minors in the society so no one really cares about them.
The change needed to address these issues
The change needed to address the above issues to eliminate the problems and challenges faced by foster children so that they can access opportunities and create policies that will help them transition in and from foster care effectively. Annie E. Casey Foundation is an effective foundation that has helped most foster children through practice, policy and evaluation tools that seek to improve their opportunities and assets as well as help to build their personal and financial assets by engaging them in self-advocacy and leadership opportunities.
Change theory and how to apply it
Kurt Lewin change theory is applicable in this strategic plan. It is a three-step model which include unfreeze, change, and freeze. Lewin’s model ensures that there is a radical change, minimized disruption of the structure’s operations, and permanent change (Cummings et al., 2016). Unfreezing means making people unlearn their bad ways and open to change their way of doing their activities for a positive change. The second step is change. This is the implementation phase. When people have opened up their minds for a change, transition begins and it might take some time. The last step is freeze. This is cementing the change. Once a change has been made, it should be made permanent. This theory will be applied by changing the activities of foster care, policies applied in foster care and the society’s perception of foster children. It will begin with presenting the issues to be changed to the concerned parties and persuading them to open up for a change in the way foster children are handled. Secondly, once every party is open-minded about the change, then change will be implemented. For example, it is important to create jobs for foster children as they exit foster care and live by their own. Lastly, the change will be made permanent by putting it to practice.
Ethical issues
Some of et.
For Dr. Biocca's class, I wanted to post this literature review I did for Professor Chock last semester. It could be relevant to the child-rearing gaming study.
You 2.0: An introduction to social media and health, and making it work for y...Jodi Sperber
Originally presented for CHNA (Community Health Network Area) 18, a local coalition of public, non-profit, and private sectors working together to build healthier communities in Massachusetts through community-based prevention planning and health promotion
This workshop was designed to help familiarize participants with how social media (such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and blogs) is being used on a routine basis to bolster existing communication and engagement strategies.
U06A1 (Methods and Findings)
U06A1 (Methods and Findings)
Student:
Institution:
Professor:
Date of Submission:
Introduction
In this assignment, I was able to get a real chance to be in the actual field making first hand observations. It was such an interesting activity to move around and watch natural behaviour in the field. During this time, my main objectives involved making observations of random people in their natural environment and how they behaved, how frequent they were into social media. Their frequency to social media usage was judged by how they were using their gadgets such as tablets and cell phones. Another objective involved getting close enough to hear their conversations and capture their attitude on some aspects. All this was done without their knowledge so as to ensure they had their natural behaviour free from influence.
Another phase of my activity involved asking some questions about their opinions on some issues such as social media usage. These questions were designed in such a way that a response/behaviour would follow soon enough. The reason for these mechanism was to compare their attitudes towards something and how they actually behaved in relation to their attitudes. Most of my questions were social media related so as to ensure I remained relevant to my research and social psychology.
The activity involved observation of ten random subjects and how they interacted with one another, how they behaved as a result of their peer surrounding since the experiment was conducted in a public setting. The observation occurred on two phases. Each phase taking approximately 20-30mins such that I had approximately two minutes for each person. The second phase was the most interesting since this is where I was asking the questions and observing whether the persons would behave in accord to their opinions and attitude. It should be noticed that, at times I would make the observation then pose the question about what I had observed just to see if their actions would match their opinions.
Their entire time in the field was really interesting and mind opening.
Ethical obligations and challenges
Every research will always have some challenges associated with it. The challenges are even more when the subjects under study are humans. This is because we humans have rights and freedoms which ought to be respected and upheld.
My study had several challenges. However, such challenges were tackled professionally such that my results were not biased and no violations of whatsoever kind were made. My first challenge was to target selection. With so many people in a public setting, it is difficult to select a fair sample that would be representative enough. In addition to this, gender and age repre ...
Running Head RESEACH PAPER1SOCIAL MARKETING CAMPAIGNS45.docxtoltonkendal
Running Head: RESEACH PAPER 1
SOCIAL MARKETING CAMPAIGNS 4
5
Plan to Address Health Issue
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Introduction
Evidence-based practice refers to the integration of clinical expertise, research evidence, and application of patient values during the process of making decisions for the care of clients and patients. The practices have been tested and studied comprehensively to ensure that they are conscientious and explicit for the provision of the best care to the patients (Baker & Tickle-Degnen 2014). In the case of the two previously exposed campaigns, project action and teens stopping AIDS in Sacramento there is need to assess the strategies put forward and evaluate whether they are in line with evidence-based practice.
A comparison and contrast of the campaign strategies with evidence-based practice
The strategies which were employed by the two campaigns have some similarity as well as differences in different perspectives. The campaign strategies were divided into phases which are similar to the evidence-based practice. For example, in teens stopping Aids campaign, the first phase is to describe the problem which had led to the conduction of the campaign (Fisher et al., 2014). Similarly, in evidence-based practice, the first thing which is done is to ask a question which provides the problem of the patient or client. Other similar phases include evaluation, planning, and selection of the best interventions.
On the other hand, there is some difference between the campaign's strategies and evidence based care. The two campaigns are employing a group of people who are involved in decision making who represent many groups in the population of interest. However, the nurse for example in evidence-based care is the one who uses their expertise and refers to the documented scientific evidence and then decide what is best for the patient but of course in collaboration with the patients who are being cared for (Rundle, 2014).
Adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the strategies proposed
Prevention of Aids transmission is not a simple task and therefore comprehensive and suitable strategies needed to be adopted, implemented and ensure that they remain active and in use in preventing further cases of infection. The primary focus strategy of the two campaigns was behavioral change. This aspect is supreme in determining whether the policies proposed will be adopted, implemented and maintained in the community or not (Kalichman, 2014).
Through heavy campaigning, the aim was to provide information about the disease, reduce stigma, enhance the accessibility of services, delaying the first onset of sex, reducing the number of sexual partners among others all of which are part of the behavior that needed to be changed. Other than that, provision of comprehensive information was vital to ensuring that the strategies were adopted and maintained by the community (Cordner, 2014). This was done by making ...
THE KINSHIP PROJECT INTENTIONS
Connecting through Kinship: We look to conduct primary research that aims to assess and quantify the influence of kinship and kinship groups on the achievement of sustainable change. Our corporate agenda aims to define the conditions and practices that can accelerate and sustain institutional change intentions. Our social agenda examines the correlation between kinship presence and the demonstrated advancement of social change as defined by indicators in selected areas of focus.
Igniting Social Movement: Kinship research is to be broadly shared to accelerate and sustain any intention for change. We believe that the conditions and practices that contribute to kinship can be leveraged far beyond the walls of any institution or defined group. We believe that kinship is a stimulant for social movement. When we learn to openly create meaningful and authentic relationships, we have the potential to significantly improve living conditions throughout the world pyramid.
Inspiring Global Kinship: We have a picture of success where kinship helps us move from segmented, regional interests to shared, global connections. Through an awareness of kinship as an accelerant to meaningful, sustainable change, we aspire to transform the way people live and work. And, as a result, inspire a million small unforeseen efforts and partnerships for social cures.
Running head CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND TREATMENT .docxtodd271
Running head: CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND TREATMENT
CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND TREATMENT
Cultural Competency and Treatment of persons with mental illness
Alexis Lowe
Professor Patricia Coccoma
HUMN 6511- Treatment of Forensic Populations
June 16, 2019
Cultural Competency and Treatment of persons with mental illness
The culturally diverse forensic population that I chose to research is those who are mentally ill. This population is of particular interest to me because I have always wanted to work in agencies that do an intervention for members of this population and I have always felt that something should be done when I find helpless people on the streets who are mentally ill. Mentally ill persons can be described using characteristics which cut across the population but lean mostly to the side of those who have an extreme mental illness. Most of them experience financial distress, homelessness, lack of money to rent houses and dependence of social programs like social security. Others have violent behavior and remain dependent on mental services for a long time (Naylor et al., 2016). The mentally ill often commit small crimes and because of their health situation, they find themselves in difficult situations. According to Rickwood, 2006, mentally ill persons going through corrections procedures often suffer more psychological problems and this limits their chances of recovery.
The Unique Characteristics of Mentally Ill Patients
Rickwood explores the representation of the mentally ill in the criminal justice system. According to Rickwood, the mentally ill are over three times more represented in the criminal justice compared to the ordinary community and this is something of concern. In certain cultures, more persons who have a mental illness live in correction facilities compared to others. However, incarceration is seen to be a major cause of mental health problems due to some of the corrective measures that are employed. Depression among Hispanics is noted to be highest at slightly over 10%, followed by African Americans than Whites (Corin, 2017) Depression cuts across all age groups and genders in the recent past. According to Rickwood there is need to ensure that specialized and professional mental health services are provided in correctional facilities to ensure that the correction process does not negatively impact the victims. pre-release preparation and post-release follow-up are key areas that need a proper overhaul to ensure that the number of cases of relapse is reduced accordingly. Proper understanding of the cultural background of a patient is a major consideration in choosing treatment procedures and it ensures that the health service provider is cult rally aware of the implications of certain choices on certain groups of people. Cultural considerations affect beliefs about sickness, pain and where.
Running head CULTURAL COMPETENCY AND TREATMENT .docx
Funding Proposal
1. A ‘like’ is not a donation:
Converting acts of token support on social media through cognitive dissonance
A proposal for funding from
Unicef Australia
The proposal is seeking funding from Unicef Australia in order to conduct research into
Slacktivist behaviors on social media, specifically Facebook. The research aims to understand
the behavior, attitudes, and social norms surrounding slacktivism. It also aims to develop a
cognitive dissonance based intervention which can be administered online via Facebook to
convert current slacktivists into active donors. We aim to do this by generating a sense of
hypocrisy in slacktivists by drawing their attention to their conflicting attitudes towards
supporting Unicef and past lack of action in doing so meaningfully.
Debra Lindsay
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2. Project Background
The rise of social media websites like Facebook have put charity organisations in the
daily line of sight of people on the internet. But not all of this engagement is beneficial to the
charity. A new phrase – Slacktivism – has joined our vocabulary. It represents a low-cost
activity via social media without making the effort to engage in meaningful actions such as
donating or volunteering. A like on Facebook, a retweet on Twitter, or a shared YouTube
video are examples of slacktivist behavior.
Despite the growing numbers of people who are using social media (in February 2014
there were over 1.23 billion monthly Facebook users (Ross, 2014)), there has been little
research into how engaging with charities via social networks such as Facebook impact actual
meaningful engagement. There is a current trend for charities to develop viral campaigns in
the hope they will result in tangible dollars in the bank. The research that has been done
suggests otherwise – that encouraging supporters to like, tweet, or share a message does not
convert to the meaningful resources charities require to meet their fundraising goals.
A recent study found that token acts of support for causes, including displaying a lapel
pin or signing a public petition, results in less meaningful support than if support is given
privately (Kristofferson, White, & Peloza, 2013). The researchers suggested that this effect
was due to impression management motivations. Social media allows people to present
themselves in a way that is favourable to their social networks (Rosenberg & Egbert, 2011).
Given that many people perceive being a generous, charitable person as a positive thing
(McKimmie et al., 2003) it is understandable that they would display slacktivist behavior to
boost this positive image. By sharing messages about charities on their Facebook pages
people are able to display an image of themselves as charitable with less effort than if they
actually donated to the charity in private.
An extensive analysis of the Save Darfur Facebook campaign (Lewis, Gray, &
Meierhenrich, 2014) had even more concerning results. The campaign gained 1,174,612
members in the first two years it ran, however only 11,746 (1%) members ever donated to the
cause. This is enough cause for concern, however an argument that is often presented for
viral social media marketing is that simply spreading the message further is beneficial as
more people means more donations. Yet in the Save Dafur campaign, members who were
recruited to the cause (through viral social media) were less likely to donate compared to
3. those who joined independently. This suggests that spreading a message through social
networks is not efficacious in creating tangible fundraising outcomes.
Another study suggests that low cost prosocial acts can harm future prosocial acts
through a mechanism called moral balancing (Krishna, 2011). This study was particularly
interested in cause marketing (e.g. buying Pink labelled products to support breast cancer
research) and found that if consumers felt they had contributed to a cause by purchasing a
charity related product they were less likely to make an active donation at later time. These
findings are relevant to concerns about slacktivism, as ‘liking’ a Facebook page is a similar
low-cost support activity which is likely to affect future donations not just to your charity but
to other charities as well. Lee and Hsieh, 2013 also found that participants engaged in moral
balancing when signing online petitions. Participants saw this act as an entry in their good
deed balance sheet and were less likely to donate to the cause at a later stage. The good news
is the researchers were able to reverse the effect when they encouraged participants to be
consistent in their actions through the use of cognitive dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance based interventions have been used to change both attitudes and
behaviors surrounding strongly held beliefs in several sectors (e.g. thin idealisation (Halliwell
& Diedrichs, 2014; Stice, Butryn, Rohde, Shawa, & Marti, 2013), discriminative views (Ciao
& Latner, 2011; Gringart & Helmes, 2008), factory farming (Prunty & Apple, 2013), condom
use (Stone, Aronson, Crain, Winslow, & Fried, 1994), and generosity (McKimmie et al.,
2003)). Cognitive dissonance describes the uncomfortable feeling we get when we are
confronted by a disconnect in the beliefs we hold and the behaviors we do (Cooper, 2012).
We are motivated to reduce this dissonance by either changing our behavior or our attitudes.
As attitudes are often firmly established and more difficult to change it is more likely that, in
order to reduce dissonance, we will change our behavior before we change our attitude
(Festinger, 1962). It is for this reason that behavioral interventions using cognitive dissonance
have been found to be effective.
The most successful use of Cognitive Dissonance interventions have been the Body
Project intervention aimed at reducing negative behaviors and thinking surrounding eating
disorders (Halliwell & Diedrichs, 2014; Stice et al., 2013). The intervention included four
moderated sessions where participants spoke about the negatives surrounding thin
idealisation, wrote and presented an essay about this topic, generated ways women could
challenge the thin ideal and wrote a letter to a younger woman about avoiding developing a
4. negative body image. The intervention targeted three constructs found to be efficacious in
behavioral change through cognitive dissonance (Green, Scott, Diyankova, Gasser, &
Pederson, 2005): participation was voluntary; participants were accountable for their actions
and opinions; and the tasks (essay writing etc.) were effortful. The result of the intervention
was that, compared to a control group who received information brochures, the intervention
group had a significantly greater decrease in eating disorder risk factors and symptoms.
The basis of the majority of cognitive dissonance interventions is pointing out the
hypocrisy of having one set of attitudes but behaving in another way. Prunty and Apple, 2013
used this approach to alter people’s attitudes and behaviors towards factory farmed meat. By
publicly advocating against factory farming participants had fewer intentions to eat meat in
the future and showed greater concern for animals in factory farms. A similar paradigm was
used to increase condom use (Stone et al., 1994) where participants gave a talk to camera
about safe sex then thought about times they had not engaged in safe sex. This inducement of
hypocrisy was effective at encouraging participants to purchase more condoms at the end of
the study than those who had not had the hypocrisy of their actions made aware to them.
An important factor in ensuring effect cognitive dissonance interventions is inducing
hypocrisy that runs against societal norms. If people believe the behavior they are engaging
in or attitudes they hold are normal within their social circle, it will be easy to justify their
thoughts and actions so dissonance will not occur (Stone & Fernandez, 2008). McKimmie et
al., 2003 found that when people believed their social group were not very generous they
altered their attitude to match their less generous behavior rather than pledge to change their
behavior. The implications for this in the context of this current research are that for our
proposed cognitive dissonance intervention to be effective, we will need to ensure the social
norm is to not engage in slacktivist behavior.
The majority of cognitive dissonance interventions have included intense group
sessions to induce hypocrisy in participants. This is costly and time consuming. It is also
important to develop an intervention that can be delivered directly to those whose behavior
we want to change. In this case it is slacktivists who we will find online. As such developing
an online cognitive dissonance intervention is the best approach. This research will establish
if previously tested cognitive dissonance interventions are effective when delivered through
online channels. Being able to deliver an intervention online will increase the efficiency of
these interventions that could be applied in other areas of social change. It is pivotal that
5. research is conducted in this area and a marketing intervention developed to ensure much
needed public donations are not lost through the misdirected actions of people who do
actually support your cause.
Project Aims
The aim of this research is to determine the beliefs and behaviors involved in slacktivist
behavior and ultimately convert non-meaningful acts of support on social media to
meaningful ones (e.g. donations). Drawing on cognitive dissonance theory, specifically the
hypocrisy paradigm where people are motivated to reduce dissonance created by being made
aware of the disconnect between their thoughts and behavior, it is predicted that slacktivists
who have been encouraged to think how their actions have not helped the charity would feel
dissonance and want to reduce it. Specifically they will change their behavior to include more
meaningful types of support (e.g. donations).
Study one will consist of an online survey and aims to identify and confirm slacktivist
behavior within a cognitive dissonance framework. It makes predictions about key constructs
that will be targeted in the intervention evaluated in study two. These key constructs are
slacktivist behavior, attitudes towards slacktivism, and norms surrounding slacktivism. We
expect that those who in engage in slacktivism: will be less likely to donate meaningfully;
will hold positive attitudes towards it; and see it as a normative behavior both within their
social network and on social media in general.
Study two will test the efficacy of a hypocrisy inducing marketing intervention within
existing social media platforms, specifically Facebook. It aims to reframe norms surrounding
slacktivism and will make people mindful of the inconsistency between their behavior and
attitudes using a hypocrisy paradigm. This will encourage participants to change their
behavior in order to reduce dissonance and ultimately donate more meaningfully to Unicef.
We expect that participants who receive the intervention (compared with a control group):
will donate more money; have more negative attitudes towards slacktivism; and perceive it as
less normative behavior.
6. Research Plan & Timelines
Study One
Participants
Participants will be recruited from Facebook. Unicef Australia’s Facebook page
currently has approximately 1,000 engaged followers. We will aim to recruit these 1000
people and a further 1,000 participants using targeted Facebook advertising. This will give a
total of 2,000 participants.
Measures
Slacktivist Behavior.
Participants will receive a series of questions relating to their past and current
slacktivist behaviors. As there is no established scale for slacktivist behavior we have
developed a series of questions aimed to investigate common perceived charitable behavior
on social media: Liking Facebook pages, tweeting charity-related hashtags, sharing charity-
related material, and displaying charity-related profile pictures. Items are measured on a
seven point Likert scale anchored from (never) to (frequently). Example items include “I
share videos with my Facebook friends about current social issues” and “I like charity pages
on Facebook”. This new measure will be assessed for reliability and validity during data
analysis.
Attitudes.
Participants will receive a series of questions relating to their attitudes surrounding
slacktivist behaviors. As there is no established scale for slacktivist attitudes we have
developed a series of questions exploring these attitudes. Items are measured on a seven point
Likert scale anchored from (strongly disagree) to (strongly agree). Example items include “I
believe discussing issues on Facebook makes a real difference in the world” and “The
number of retweets a charity hashtag can get on Twitter is related to how helpful that charity
is”. This new measure will be assessed for reliability and validity during data analysis.
7. Perceived Norms.
We will measure perceived norms through a series of questions developed to assess
participant’s belief of normative behavior surrounding slacktivism. Items are measured on a
seven point Likert scale anchored from (strongly disagree) to (strongly agree). Example
items include “My Facebook friends regularly share charity-related memes (images, videos,
text, etc.) that they have copied from another source” and “It is common for people to change
their profile pictures on social media to align themselves with a cause”. This new measure
will be assessed for reliability and validity during data analysis.
Design& Procedure
Participants will receive the measures through a survey that will be delivered
electronically via Facebook with items from each measure counterbalanced. Participants will
access it via link on the Unicef Facebook page, or through a targeted Facebook
advertisement. Upon completion of the survey, participants will be thanked for their time and
debriefed on the nature of the study.
Study Two
Participants
100 participants will be recruited from Unicef’s potential donor database to take place
in the online intervention. The study will target current Facebook users who have not donated
money to Unicef in the past 12 months in order to reach potential slacktivists.
Measures
Behavior, attitudes, and norms.
Measures of slacktivist behavior, attitudes towards slacktivism and perceptions of
norms surrounding slacktivism will be the same as used in study one.
Facebook intervention.
The intervention will consist of a Unicef-branded Facebook charity page which
participants will engage with during a lab session using their personal Facebook accounts.
The sessions will run 10 participants at a time over five sessions. The Facebook page will
8. have a series of information-based posts taken from the current Unicef page as well as the
following manipulations to induce cognitive dissonance. The control condition will only
receive the information-based posts.
Perceived norms.
The banner image at the top of the page will display a message promoting the norms of
the group against slacktivism and towards meaningful actions: “Thank you for supporting
Unicef on Facebook. Together we raised over 18 million dollars in the last year allowing us
to save real lives. Proving that a donation is more helpful than a like”. The control condition
will be headed with a banner that reads: “Thank you for supporting Unicef on Facebook”.
Hypocrisy.
Through a series Facebook posts from page moderators (e.g. “share your support of
Unicef’s goals to reduce world poverty”), Participants will be encouraged to change their
Facebook profile picture to a “I support Unicef” graphic. This taps two of the three constructs
needed to induce cognitive dissonance: it is a voluntary act that makes participants
accountable to their social network. A further series of posts will prompt discussion about
past support of charities and causes online and the negative outcomes slacktivist behavior can
have on charity fundraising. This taps the third construct in that it is effortful to engage in
such mindfulness of past actions.
Donation Behavior.
All conditions will include a link to donate that is promoted on the Facebook page,
encouraging participants to donate securely online. Participants will also be rewarded with $5
(issued in $1 coins) for their participation in the study. Upon leaving the session, there will be
a donation box for Unicef allowing participants to donate if they choose to. They are free to
choose the amount they donate: part of their payment, all of their payment, or greater than
their payment.
9. Design& Procedure
Time one.
Behavior, attitude, and norm measures will be administered via online survey emailed
to participants at the start of the study.
Intervention.
One week later participants will be brought into a computer lab where they will
participate in an online administered intervention over Facebook. At the end of this
intervention participants will complete the time one measures and will be given the
opportunity to donate to Unicef. While it is possible to run this study completely online, it is
important to ensure participants are only engaging in one Facebook community at a time. A
lab based study is the best way to ensure this experimental control in order to evaluate the
effectiveness of the intervention.
Time two.
A further week later, participants will be emailed a second survey which includes the
time one measures and given a second opportunity to donate to Unicef.
Tasks & Key Milestones Time Period Duration
Year 1
Preparation of ethics application for Study 1 for
Unicef and UQ ethics panels
2/2/15 – 13/2/15 2 weeks
Finalise materials for Study 1 in light of feedback
from ethics panels
2/3/15 – 10/4/15 6 weeks
Advertise links on Unicef Facebook page & targeted
Facebook ads (continued throughout active survey
time)
13/4/15 – 26/4/15 2 weeks
Survey active 13/4/15 – 26/4/15 2 weeks
Input data from Study 1 27/4/15 – 22/4/15 4 weeks
Analyse data from Study 1 25/4/15 – 17/7/15 8 weeks
Prepare report for Unicef on findings from Study 1 20/7/15 – 14/8/15 4 weeks
Prepare manuscript for publication (peer reviewed
journal) on basis of findings to date in project
17/8/15 – 9/10/15 8 weeks
Ethics for Study 2 12/10/15 – 6/11/15 4 weeks
10. Finalise materials in light of feedback from ethics 9/11/15 – 11/12/15 5 weeks
Year 2
Recruit participants from potential donor database
for Study 2, via phone
6/1/16 – 22/1/16 3 weeks
Email out survey 1 links & Intervention times 25/1/16 – 29/1/16 1 week
Survey 1 active 25/1/16 – 31/1/16 1 week
Email reminder of Intervention time 27/1/16 – 29/1/16 < 1 week
Run ten sessions of Intervention 1/2/16 – 4/3/16 5 weeks
Email out survey 2 links 7/3/16 – 11/3/16 1 week
Survey 2 active 7/3/16 – 13/3/16 1 week
Input data from Study 2 14/3/16 – 8/4/16 4 weeks
Analyse data from Study 2 11/4/16 – 3/6/16 8 weeks
Prepare report for Unicef Australia on findings from
Study 2
6/6/16 – 29/7/16 8 weeks
Prepare manuscript for publication (peer reviewed
journal) on basis of findings to date in project
1/8/16 – 23/9/16 8 weeks
Outcomes
There has been little research conducted into online slacktivist behavior, and none into
how to convert slacktivist actions into meaningful donations. This research will be the first to
implement and evaluate an intervention into slacktivism on Facebook. A report by Roy
Morgan Research (2013) found that while 66% of Australians donated to charity in 2012, this
was down 4% from 2008. This is despite an increase in charity based social media
engagement during that time (Give Now, 2014). An additional 4% donated to Unicef in the
last financial year translates to $745,551. This gap in donations could have been spent on:
- 6,372 HIV test kits to test 637,223 mothers before the birth of their child
- 13,806 measles vaccines to vaccinate 2,761,200 children
- Food for 111,832 malnourished children in order to bring them back to health
While donations overall have fallen in the past five years there have been changes in
the way people engage with charities. With the growing ease of online donation, the number
of people choosing to donate this way has risen 46% (Ray Morgan Research, 2013). By
converting slacktivists on the Unicef Facebook page we can increase much needed donations
that have decreased in the past five years. Unicef Australia currently has 25,455 likes
(approximately 1000 of which were active in the past month) on Facebook and 22,198
11. Twitter followers. If not all of these people are donating – if, for example, only 1% are active
financial contributors (as was the case with the Save Dafur campaign) – Unicef is wasting
precious resources maintaining social media marketing. It is critical that research is
conducted into how supporters of charities engage with social media and interventions to
convert slacktivists into meaningful supporters are developed. Beyond assisting Unicef with
its social media marketing this will be beneficial to every charity, fund raiser, community
group, activist group, political group etc that uses social media to canvas meaningful support
world-wide. It will also put both Unicef and Australia as a leader in research into slacktivism,
an area that has been largely ignored to this date despite growing awareness and concern
about this issue in the public conscious.
Budget & Justification
Year 02-02-2015 – 11-12-2015
Costs
Amount
Requested
Personnel (salaries + on-costs)
1 x Casual research assistant (HEW 3) at $33.78 per hour, maximum 15
hours per week (+18% on-costs) for maximum 6 weeks
13/4/15 – 22/4/15
$3,587.44
Total Personnel $3,587.44
Maintenance
Targeted Facebook advertising for recruiting participants – running two
weeks
$500.00
Total Maintenance $500.00
In-Kind Costs
Maximum of 1 post/day on the Unicef Facebook page to advertise the
survey for Study 1
nil
Total In-Kind Costs nil
Total Cost for 2015 $4,087.44
Year 02-02-2015 – 11-12-2015
Costs
Amount
Requested
Personnel (salaries + on-costs)
1 x Casual research assistant (HEW 3) at $33.78 per hour, maximum 15
hours per week (+18% on-costs) for maximum 12 weeks
25/1/16 – 8/4/16
$7,174.87
Total Personnel $7,174.87
Maintenance
Social media web developer to set up two Facebook charity pages $5,000
Graphic design to create profile pic graphic and banner image $500.00
Total Maintenance $5,500.00
In-Kind Costs
12. Access to the Unicef potential donors database for recruitment in Study 2 nil
Maximum two Unicef volunteers to call potential donors database for a
maximum of three weeks for recruitment in Study 2
6/1/16 – 22/1/16
nil
Total In-Kind Costs nil
Other Costs
Payment of $5/participant as a compensation for their time x 100
participants
$500.00
Total Other Costs $500.00
Total Cost for 2015 $13,174.87
GRAND TOTAL $17,262.31
Personnel
A HEW Level 3 casual research assistant is required for Study 1 to assist with
administering the targeted Facebook advertising and collating survey responses as they come
in online. They will also be assisting with data entry of the survey responses. They are
required for a maximum of 15 hours a week and a maximum of six weeks. A HEW Level 3
casual research assistant is also required for Study 2 to assist with emailing out survey links
and reminders for intervention time slots to participants. They will be on site during the lab
intervention sessions to aid the chief investigator with administering the intervention. They
will also be assisting with data entry of the survey responses. They are required for a
maximum of 15 hours a week and a maximum of 12 weeks. The presence of research
assistants on the project will allow time for the chief investigator to oversee the analyses of
the results and ensure the surveys and interventions are administered correctly.
Maintenance
Targeted Facebook advertising will allow us to sample a greater population of
Facebook users who are not already engaging with the Unicef but have liked other charities
pages. This will give us an accurate understanding of how slacktivism is occurring in a
broader Facebook context.
The development of intervention and control Facebook charity pages is important to
ensure the intervention is evaluated in a controlled experimental environment. As there is no
way to control what groups participants join on Facebook we would not be able to draw any
conclusions from the research if it was run on the current Unicef Facebook charity page.
Once the research is complete these Facebook pages can be merged with the current page. A
graphic designer is required to create a graphic profile pic that users will want to display to
13. show their identification with the cause. After the research is complete Unicef will retain the
support logo for use on their current Facebook page.
In-Kind Costs
Being able to run the intervention on Unicef potential donors will allow us to target
people who have a desire to help Unicef but have not made the commitment to do so. It is
essential that the intervention is tested on a sample that will be closely related to the ultimate
target audience of the intervention when it is rolled out on the active Unicef Facebook page.
Having Unicef volunteers, who are already trained in contacting potential volunteers will
save time and resources in training research assistants to conduct the recruitment.
Having the current Facebook moderator’s posts on our behalf will allow us to recruit
from Unicef’s current supporters to gather their direct insights. This could be set up to
automatically post during the times of the lab sessions or the Facebook moderator could post
in real time.
Other Costs
To encourage people to participate we will pay participants $5 per person. This is also
essential to measure the outcome variable of donation behavior as participants will be able to
donate this money back to Unicef at the end of their intervention session.
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