This document provides funding projections for introducing three new family planning methods (injectable contraceptive DMPA, Centchroman oral contraceptive pill, and progesterone-only pill) in India from 2017 to 2021. It projects the number of additional modern contraceptive users in each state, estimates the method mix among new users, and calculates the costs of commodities and capacity building required for introducing the new methods. The total cost is estimated to be Rs. 850 million over the five years, which will help the government allocate budgets to expand contraceptive access and choices in India as committed under Family Planning 2020 goals.
SPMG II MTEF Report 2015-16 - Department of Health & Family Welfare - FinalDr Purna Chandra Dash
This document presents the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) for the Department of Health and Family Welfare in Madhya Pradesh for the year 2015-16. It includes a bottom-up budgeting process where the department's schemes and expenditures are analyzed in detail. It also includes a top-down estimation of the department's budget. The MTEF process aims to estimate the department's resource needs over the medium term in a systematic manner. It describes the department's objectives, analyzes the health indicators and infrastructure in the state, evaluates the department's schemes, and projects the department's future expenditures.
This document presents an evaluation of the SMARTgirl Family Planning Integration Program in Cambodia. It describes the program's activities, evaluation questions, objectives, scope, methods, sampling procedures, data collection and management, analysis, ethical considerations, challenges, results, discussion, conclusions, and recommendations. The evaluation assessed exposure to family planning and HIV integration information and services, contraceptive use, unmet need, knowledge, and program impact through surveys of entertainment workers in Phnom Penh and provinces reached by the program. Key findings included increased contraceptive use, knowledge, and dual protection promotion, with room remaining to improve integration and address unmet need.
Sample global oil and gas supporting activities market research report 2020Cognitive Market Research
Dowload the free PDF file of Report Sample Pages. Cognitive Market Research has recently published report titled, "Oil and Gas Supporting Activities Market 2020" which provides detailed analysis of Oil and Gas Supporting Activities Market. The market study focuses on understanding industry dynamics along with driving factors to provide the key elements fueling the current market growth. The report also identifies restraints for Oil and Gas Supporting Activities market, to understand factors which will restrict the growth of Oil and Gas Supporting Activities market. Key industrial factors such as macroeconomic and microeconomic factors are studied in depth with the help of PESTEL analysis in order to have a holistic view of factors impacting Oil and Gas Supporting Activities market growth in various regions across the globe. Market forecast takes place with the help of complex algorithms such as regression analysis, sentiment analysis of end-users, etc.
Regional Study on Financial Education in the EAC Draft ReportMoses Biu
This document provides a summary of a regional study on financial education in East African Community (EAC) partner states. It includes background information on the economies, populations, and financial sectors of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. It then analyzes existing financial education interventions in each country and per sector. Key findings are presented on differences in money culture, language, and behaviors across countries. Challenges to financial literacy and education are discussed. The document concludes with recommendations for regional cooperation on financial education, including proposed institutional arrangements, frameworks, and monitoring/evaluation.
Chicago - An Illinois state income tax hike awaits Gov. Pat Quinn’s approval after passing the State Senate early Wednesday morning. Lawmakers hope the bill will help the state raise enough revenue to help climb out of a $15 million deficit.
Check out the PDF and let us know where you see possible cuts. If you have some great ideas, you can even let the governor’s office know by suggesting a solution on the state’s website .
2012 Jordan ICT & ITES Industry Statistics Yearbook
Jordan’s ICT and IT Enabled Services (ITES) sector has come a long way in the past years and has achieved a great deal of accomplishments in which we can all take great pride. ICT and ITES are listed amongst the government’s highest priorities, and are expected to continue to contribute to the Jordanian economy.
To demonstrate the sector’s growth in terms of numbers and to determine the growth in market size, exports, investments, and employment, the Information Technology Association of Jordan (int@j) and the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology (MoICT) have completed the ICT and ITES Sector Classification and Statistics for 2012 aiming to provide clear and accurate references on Jordan's ICT and ITES sector size and magnitude.
This document outlines the Higher Education Commission's draft Medium Term Development Framework for 2010-2015. It discusses progress made in higher education in Pakistan over the past 8 years since HEC's establishment, including doubling the number of PhDs and increasing university enrollment. However, it notes challenges remain in improving quality, access, and relevance. The framework sets strategic aims over the next 5 years to address these challenges, such as increasing university rankings, boosting research quality and outputs, and ensuring education better meets the needs of Pakistan's economy and society.
This document analyzes the practice environment and economic impacts of physicians in Maryland. It finds that while Maryland relies heavily on physicians, the state faces risks in attracting and retaining physicians due to higher costs of living and doing business compared to neighboring states. Specifically, costs of medical office space and labor are 12-20% higher in Maryland. The document recommends ways to enhance physician enterprises and make Maryland a more attractive place for physicians, such as reducing costs and improving the insurance market.
SPMG II MTEF Report 2015-16 - Department of Health & Family Welfare - FinalDr Purna Chandra Dash
This document presents the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) for the Department of Health and Family Welfare in Madhya Pradesh for the year 2015-16. It includes a bottom-up budgeting process where the department's schemes and expenditures are analyzed in detail. It also includes a top-down estimation of the department's budget. The MTEF process aims to estimate the department's resource needs over the medium term in a systematic manner. It describes the department's objectives, analyzes the health indicators and infrastructure in the state, evaluates the department's schemes, and projects the department's future expenditures.
This document presents an evaluation of the SMARTgirl Family Planning Integration Program in Cambodia. It describes the program's activities, evaluation questions, objectives, scope, methods, sampling procedures, data collection and management, analysis, ethical considerations, challenges, results, discussion, conclusions, and recommendations. The evaluation assessed exposure to family planning and HIV integration information and services, contraceptive use, unmet need, knowledge, and program impact through surveys of entertainment workers in Phnom Penh and provinces reached by the program. Key findings included increased contraceptive use, knowledge, and dual protection promotion, with room remaining to improve integration and address unmet need.
Sample global oil and gas supporting activities market research report 2020Cognitive Market Research
Dowload the free PDF file of Report Sample Pages. Cognitive Market Research has recently published report titled, "Oil and Gas Supporting Activities Market 2020" which provides detailed analysis of Oil and Gas Supporting Activities Market. The market study focuses on understanding industry dynamics along with driving factors to provide the key elements fueling the current market growth. The report also identifies restraints for Oil and Gas Supporting Activities market, to understand factors which will restrict the growth of Oil and Gas Supporting Activities market. Key industrial factors such as macroeconomic and microeconomic factors are studied in depth with the help of PESTEL analysis in order to have a holistic view of factors impacting Oil and Gas Supporting Activities market growth in various regions across the globe. Market forecast takes place with the help of complex algorithms such as regression analysis, sentiment analysis of end-users, etc.
Regional Study on Financial Education in the EAC Draft ReportMoses Biu
This document provides a summary of a regional study on financial education in East African Community (EAC) partner states. It includes background information on the economies, populations, and financial sectors of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. It then analyzes existing financial education interventions in each country and per sector. Key findings are presented on differences in money culture, language, and behaviors across countries. Challenges to financial literacy and education are discussed. The document concludes with recommendations for regional cooperation on financial education, including proposed institutional arrangements, frameworks, and monitoring/evaluation.
Chicago - An Illinois state income tax hike awaits Gov. Pat Quinn’s approval after passing the State Senate early Wednesday morning. Lawmakers hope the bill will help the state raise enough revenue to help climb out of a $15 million deficit.
Check out the PDF and let us know where you see possible cuts. If you have some great ideas, you can even let the governor’s office know by suggesting a solution on the state’s website .
2012 Jordan ICT & ITES Industry Statistics Yearbook
Jordan’s ICT and IT Enabled Services (ITES) sector has come a long way in the past years and has achieved a great deal of accomplishments in which we can all take great pride. ICT and ITES are listed amongst the government’s highest priorities, and are expected to continue to contribute to the Jordanian economy.
To demonstrate the sector’s growth in terms of numbers and to determine the growth in market size, exports, investments, and employment, the Information Technology Association of Jordan (int@j) and the Ministry of Information and Communications Technology (MoICT) have completed the ICT and ITES Sector Classification and Statistics for 2012 aiming to provide clear and accurate references on Jordan's ICT and ITES sector size and magnitude.
This document outlines the Higher Education Commission's draft Medium Term Development Framework for 2010-2015. It discusses progress made in higher education in Pakistan over the past 8 years since HEC's establishment, including doubling the number of PhDs and increasing university enrollment. However, it notes challenges remain in improving quality, access, and relevance. The framework sets strategic aims over the next 5 years to address these challenges, such as increasing university rankings, boosting research quality and outputs, and ensuring education better meets the needs of Pakistan's economy and society.
This document analyzes the practice environment and economic impacts of physicians in Maryland. It finds that while Maryland relies heavily on physicians, the state faces risks in attracting and retaining physicians due to higher costs of living and doing business compared to neighboring states. Specifically, costs of medical office space and labor are 12-20% higher in Maryland. The document recommends ways to enhance physician enterprises and make Maryland a more attractive place for physicians, such as reducing costs and improving the insurance market.
The evaluation report summarizes the mid-term performance of the Kosovo Cluster and Business Support Project. Some key findings include:
1. Project implementation has generally been on track, with most targets met. However, results have varied between components, with clusters making better progress than business associations.
2. Impact has included exceeding sales targets for client companies. However, there has been less impact on job creation and export readiness. Efficiency has been positive when comparing costs to increased sales, but costs per beneficiary appear higher.
3. Sustainability of activities depends on strengthening business associations and external factors like privatization and legal reforms. Relevance to strategic goals is high, but government support is still needed for sustainable
The document provides an analysis of the regional economic conditions and in-demand industries and occupations for the Three Rivers region. It finds that the largest growth industries over the past 10 years were educational services, administrative/support services, management companies, healthcare, professional/scientific services, and food services. Manufacturing, utilities, and administrative/support services are the most specialized industries in the region. Four of the fastest growing industries are linked to the growing automobile manufacturing sector. The analysis cites sources like Economic Modeling Specialists Inc. for the data. Partner and employer input was gathered but not described.
This document provides an overview of key economic indicators and competitiveness rankings for France. It shows that in 2012, France had a population of 65.4 million people and GDP of $2.6 trillion. France ranked 23rd out of 148 countries on the Global Competitiveness Index, with strengths in infrastructure and market size but weaknesses in labor market efficiency and taxation. The most problematic factors for business were found to be restrictive labor regulations, tax rates and regulations, and access to financing.
This document provides a summary of SNL Financial and International Financial Reporting Standards. SNL Financial is a premier provider of financial data and analysis covering various industries such as banking, insurance, financial services, real estate, energy, and media & communications. The document discusses SNL's current industry coverage, products, and solutions. It also provides an overview of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), including the key standards, adoption around the world, and advantages and disadvantages of conversion.
This document is an annual report published by the Information and Communication Technology Association of Jordan (int@j) that provides statistics and information on Jordan's ICT & ITES industry for the year 2011. It includes key metrics on sector revenue, employment, exports and investment. Some of the major findings covered are that the IT sector revenue grew from JOD 160 million in 2000 to JOD 1.1 billion in 2011, IT & ITES exports totaled JOD 418 million in 2011 with major export countries being Saudi Arabia and Iraq, and the sector employed over 25,000 people in 2011 with Jordanians representing 71% of the workforce.
The document provides information on various happenings at the Indo-American Chamber of Commerce (IACC) across different regions in India.
Key events summarized:
- IACC in Mumbai organized a program on international arbitration with panelists discussing arbitration tips for maximizing benefits and managing disputes.
- IACC in Mumbai hosted an interactive session with the Chairman of the Central Board of Direct Taxes to discuss retroactive tax amendments and information exchange.
- IACC in Ahmedabad organized a meeting between members and the U.S. Consul General to discuss opportunities in trade, investment, infrastructure, and education.
- IACC and the U.S. Commercial Service inaugurated an 'American Business
The OECD Business and Finance Scoreboard contains indicators and data related to corporate performance, banking, capital markets, pensions and investments. It supports analysis of developments in the financial markets and corporate sector. The Scoreboard is a sister publication to the OECD Business and Finance Outlook.
Find out more: http://www.oecd.org/daf/oecd-business-and-finance-scoreboard.htm
Young Entrepreneurs program annual report submitted by Education Development ...Venera Fusha
This document provides an annual report on the Young Entrepreneurs Program (YEP) for the period of October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012. During this time, YEP provided entrepreneurship training, coaching, and seed grants to 373 young entrepreneurs in Kosovo to help them start or expand their small businesses. These new businesses are currently employing over 500 young people and are expected to continue growing. The report outlines YEP's activities, achievements, and partnerships over the year in supporting young entrepreneurs and promoting employment opportunities in Kosovo.
This document summarizes the U.S. Government's Feed the Future strategy for Zambia from 2011-2015. The strategy aimed to address food insecurity and malnutrition in Zambia by focusing investments on increasing agricultural productivity and diversification, strengthening the enabling policy environment, building economic resilience, and improving nutrition. Key interventions included upgrading selected agricultural value chains, supporting enabling policies and programs, building resilience among vulnerable households, and addressing underlying causes of malnutrition. Progress and results would be tracked using indicators outlined in annexes and through the strategy's monitoring and evaluation plan.
Reinventing the Indian Audit & Accounts ServiceShantanu Basu
This document proposes restructuring the Indian Audit and Accounts Department (IAAD) to make it better aligned with India's changing governance model of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG). It argues that IAAD needs to decentralize, delayer, and differentiate its structure horizontally and vertically to improve timeliness, flexibility, innovation, and audit coverage. It proposes separating audit of central and state governments, differentiating central government audit by functional clusters, and establishing five distinct operational levels and two separate management streams. The goal is to shift IAAD's operating paradigm from a geography-based model to a functional theme-based "hub and spoke" model to modernize the organization and make it better able to fulfill its duties
Reinventing the Indian Audit & Accounts ServiceShantanu Basu
The document proposes reinventing and restructuring the Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IA&AS) to make it better aligned with India's changing LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) model of governance. It argues that the IA&AS requires decentralization, delayering, differentiation and specialization to keep up with the increased pace and risk of modern decision making. The document proposes vertically differentiating the IA&AS into central and state components and horizontally differentiating the central audit based on functional clusters. It also proposes creating distinct audit and strategic management entities, limiting accountability layers, and separating central from state audits. The goal is to make the IA&AS structure and processes more flexible, innovative
This document discusses expenditure reform options for Portugal. It begins by framing the debate around rethinking the appropriate size and functions of the state. While larger governments have traditionally been linked to lower growth, they do not necessarily lead to worse outcomes if spending is efficient and equitable. The report then focuses on reform options in key spending areas for Portugal that could improve both efficiency and equity, including government wages and employment, pensions, non-pension social benefits, education, and health care. Reforms in these areas aim to enhance service delivery, focus policies on equitable outcomes, stimulate economic activity, and achieve significant permanent annual expenditure savings by 2014.
ANALYZING FISCAL SPACE FOR HEALTH IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIAHFG Project
The document analyzes potential fiscal space for health in Benue State, Nigeria. It finds that Benue State could expand fiscal space for health through several approaches: leveraging conducive macroeconomic conditions like increased federal allocations; reprioritizing a greater share of the state budget to health; earmarking specific funding sources for health like the State Consolidated Revenue Fund; and attracting external grants. Overall, the analysis estimates that Benue State could generate between $6-12 million in additional annual funding for health through these strategies.
KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA FISCAL SPACE ANALYSIS FOR HEALTH SECTORHFG Project
This document analyzes fiscal space for health in Kebbi State, Nigeria. It finds that while Kebbi State needs more resources for its health sector, there are several options to increase fiscal space. These include improving macroeconomic conditions, reprioritizing a greater share of the budget to health above the Abuja Declaration target of 15%, earmarking funds such as through the Contributory Health Scheme, mobilizing external resources, and improving health sector efficiency. The analysis models a scenario of the Kebbi State Contributory Health Scheme at a premium of N7,660 per person. It finds that even with coverage increases, efficiency gains, and utilization of options to raise funds, there remains a funding gap that
Association between starting methadone maintenance therapy and changes in inc...HFG Project
The document describes a survey of over 1,000 methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) clients in Vietnam that assessed changes in their income and expenditures after starting MMT. The survey found that average annual income increased from around 16 million VND before starting MMT to around 22 million VND after starting. It also found reductions in catastrophic health expenditures and improvements in employment status associated with MMT.
Estimating Bangladesh Urban Healthcare Expenditure Under the System of Health...HFG Project
Bangladesh is a densely populated country with 23 % people residing in urban areas and with a 3.5% annual growth of urban population. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics divided into seven administrative divisions: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. Each division is divided into zilas, and each zila into upazilas. Each urban area in an upazila is divided into wards, which are further subdivided into mohallas. A rural area in an upazila is divided into union parishads (UPs) and, within UPs, into mouzas. The people who are living in wards were considered as urban population and the Ups’ population was considered as rural. However, the division between urban and rural health care is not so distinct and it is difficult to create an urban and rural demarcation of health expenditure. According to BDHS 2014, the urban population has more access to facility delivery, qualified doctors and less unmet need for contraception. This raises the question whether there is more health expenditure by urban population than the rural.
This study aims to estimate the health expenditures of the urban population in terms of provider, financing agents and functions by analyzing the data of National health accounts, which will eventually give a specific direction to identify the gaps and way of addressing those issues.
Unit Cost and Quality of Health Services in NamibiaHFG Project
This document analyzes the unit costs and quality of health services in Namibia. It finds that on average, outpatient unit costs are lowest in health centers and highest in private facilities. Inpatient unit costs are lowest in district hospitals and highest in intermediate hospitals. Quality of services is generally higher in private facilities compared to public facilities. The main drivers of costs include staffing levels, average length of stay for inpatients, and overall facility quality. The study provides recommendations to improve efficiency and quality of health services in Namibia.
Routine Data Quality Assessments in Haryana, India: Rounds 1 & 2 Summary ReportHFG Project
This report is a summary of the routine data quality assessment (RDQA) in Haryana, India. The results generated through its application has demonstrated that administering routine data assessments in the state can facilitate improvements in data quality. In order to catalyze and sustain such improvements, such assessments should be considered as one part of a more comprehensive approach that includes systems-level interventions. Routine quality assessments would provide regular data with which to monitor progress of data quality, identify systemic gaps, and ensure compliance by relevant HMIS personnel (i.e. service providers, information assistants, M&E officers, and supervisors) to the appropriate processes. Through prioritization of systems strengthening initiatives, the NHM can bolster the HMIS’ underlying components and better foster and sustain data quality improvements.
Fiscal Space and Financing for National Health Insurance in Botswana - ReportHFG Project
This document provides background on Botswana's macroeconomic and fiscal situation as it relates to fiscal space for health financing. It notes that while Botswana has relatively unconstrained fiscal space in the short-term due to diamond exports, economic growth has averaged only 4% in recent years and is highly dependent on minerals. As diamond revenues decline gradually, Botswana will need to generate new sources of export-led growth and increase domestic revenue generation. The long-term challenge is ensuring fiscal sustainability as Botswana transitions its economy away from reliance on minerals.
The evaluation report summarizes the mid-term performance of the Kosovo Cluster and Business Support Project. Some key findings include:
1. Project implementation has generally been on track, with most targets met. However, results have varied between components, with clusters making better progress than business associations.
2. Impact has included exceeding sales targets for client companies. However, there has been less impact on job creation and export readiness. Efficiency has been positive when comparing costs to increased sales, but costs per beneficiary appear higher.
3. Sustainability of activities depends on strengthening business associations and external factors like privatization and legal reforms. Relevance to strategic goals is high, but government support is still needed for sustainable
The document provides an analysis of the regional economic conditions and in-demand industries and occupations for the Three Rivers region. It finds that the largest growth industries over the past 10 years were educational services, administrative/support services, management companies, healthcare, professional/scientific services, and food services. Manufacturing, utilities, and administrative/support services are the most specialized industries in the region. Four of the fastest growing industries are linked to the growing automobile manufacturing sector. The analysis cites sources like Economic Modeling Specialists Inc. for the data. Partner and employer input was gathered but not described.
This document provides an overview of key economic indicators and competitiveness rankings for France. It shows that in 2012, France had a population of 65.4 million people and GDP of $2.6 trillion. France ranked 23rd out of 148 countries on the Global Competitiveness Index, with strengths in infrastructure and market size but weaknesses in labor market efficiency and taxation. The most problematic factors for business were found to be restrictive labor regulations, tax rates and regulations, and access to financing.
This document provides a summary of SNL Financial and International Financial Reporting Standards. SNL Financial is a premier provider of financial data and analysis covering various industries such as banking, insurance, financial services, real estate, energy, and media & communications. The document discusses SNL's current industry coverage, products, and solutions. It also provides an overview of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), including the key standards, adoption around the world, and advantages and disadvantages of conversion.
This document is an annual report published by the Information and Communication Technology Association of Jordan (int@j) that provides statistics and information on Jordan's ICT & ITES industry for the year 2011. It includes key metrics on sector revenue, employment, exports and investment. Some of the major findings covered are that the IT sector revenue grew from JOD 160 million in 2000 to JOD 1.1 billion in 2011, IT & ITES exports totaled JOD 418 million in 2011 with major export countries being Saudi Arabia and Iraq, and the sector employed over 25,000 people in 2011 with Jordanians representing 71% of the workforce.
The document provides information on various happenings at the Indo-American Chamber of Commerce (IACC) across different regions in India.
Key events summarized:
- IACC in Mumbai organized a program on international arbitration with panelists discussing arbitration tips for maximizing benefits and managing disputes.
- IACC in Mumbai hosted an interactive session with the Chairman of the Central Board of Direct Taxes to discuss retroactive tax amendments and information exchange.
- IACC in Ahmedabad organized a meeting between members and the U.S. Consul General to discuss opportunities in trade, investment, infrastructure, and education.
- IACC and the U.S. Commercial Service inaugurated an 'American Business
The OECD Business and Finance Scoreboard contains indicators and data related to corporate performance, banking, capital markets, pensions and investments. It supports analysis of developments in the financial markets and corporate sector. The Scoreboard is a sister publication to the OECD Business and Finance Outlook.
Find out more: http://www.oecd.org/daf/oecd-business-and-finance-scoreboard.htm
Young Entrepreneurs program annual report submitted by Education Development ...Venera Fusha
This document provides an annual report on the Young Entrepreneurs Program (YEP) for the period of October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012. During this time, YEP provided entrepreneurship training, coaching, and seed grants to 373 young entrepreneurs in Kosovo to help them start or expand their small businesses. These new businesses are currently employing over 500 young people and are expected to continue growing. The report outlines YEP's activities, achievements, and partnerships over the year in supporting young entrepreneurs and promoting employment opportunities in Kosovo.
This document summarizes the U.S. Government's Feed the Future strategy for Zambia from 2011-2015. The strategy aimed to address food insecurity and malnutrition in Zambia by focusing investments on increasing agricultural productivity and diversification, strengthening the enabling policy environment, building economic resilience, and improving nutrition. Key interventions included upgrading selected agricultural value chains, supporting enabling policies and programs, building resilience among vulnerable households, and addressing underlying causes of malnutrition. Progress and results would be tracked using indicators outlined in annexes and through the strategy's monitoring and evaluation plan.
Reinventing the Indian Audit & Accounts ServiceShantanu Basu
This document proposes restructuring the Indian Audit and Accounts Department (IAAD) to make it better aligned with India's changing governance model of liberalization, privatization, and globalization (LPG). It argues that IAAD needs to decentralize, delayer, and differentiate its structure horizontally and vertically to improve timeliness, flexibility, innovation, and audit coverage. It proposes separating audit of central and state governments, differentiating central government audit by functional clusters, and establishing five distinct operational levels and two separate management streams. The goal is to shift IAAD's operating paradigm from a geography-based model to a functional theme-based "hub and spoke" model to modernize the organization and make it better able to fulfill its duties
Reinventing the Indian Audit & Accounts ServiceShantanu Basu
The document proposes reinventing and restructuring the Indian Audit and Accounts Service (IA&AS) to make it better aligned with India's changing LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) model of governance. It argues that the IA&AS requires decentralization, delayering, differentiation and specialization to keep up with the increased pace and risk of modern decision making. The document proposes vertically differentiating the IA&AS into central and state components and horizontally differentiating the central audit based on functional clusters. It also proposes creating distinct audit and strategic management entities, limiting accountability layers, and separating central from state audits. The goal is to make the IA&AS structure and processes more flexible, innovative
This document discusses expenditure reform options for Portugal. It begins by framing the debate around rethinking the appropriate size and functions of the state. While larger governments have traditionally been linked to lower growth, they do not necessarily lead to worse outcomes if spending is efficient and equitable. The report then focuses on reform options in key spending areas for Portugal that could improve both efficiency and equity, including government wages and employment, pensions, non-pension social benefits, education, and health care. Reforms in these areas aim to enhance service delivery, focus policies on equitable outcomes, stimulate economic activity, and achieve significant permanent annual expenditure savings by 2014.
ANALYZING FISCAL SPACE FOR HEALTH IN BENUE STATE, NIGERIAHFG Project
The document analyzes potential fiscal space for health in Benue State, Nigeria. It finds that Benue State could expand fiscal space for health through several approaches: leveraging conducive macroeconomic conditions like increased federal allocations; reprioritizing a greater share of the state budget to health; earmarking specific funding sources for health like the State Consolidated Revenue Fund; and attracting external grants. Overall, the analysis estimates that Benue State could generate between $6-12 million in additional annual funding for health through these strategies.
KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA FISCAL SPACE ANALYSIS FOR HEALTH SECTORHFG Project
This document analyzes fiscal space for health in Kebbi State, Nigeria. It finds that while Kebbi State needs more resources for its health sector, there are several options to increase fiscal space. These include improving macroeconomic conditions, reprioritizing a greater share of the budget to health above the Abuja Declaration target of 15%, earmarking funds such as through the Contributory Health Scheme, mobilizing external resources, and improving health sector efficiency. The analysis models a scenario of the Kebbi State Contributory Health Scheme at a premium of N7,660 per person. It finds that even with coverage increases, efficiency gains, and utilization of options to raise funds, there remains a funding gap that
Association between starting methadone maintenance therapy and changes in inc...HFG Project
The document describes a survey of over 1,000 methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) clients in Vietnam that assessed changes in their income and expenditures after starting MMT. The survey found that average annual income increased from around 16 million VND before starting MMT to around 22 million VND after starting. It also found reductions in catastrophic health expenditures and improvements in employment status associated with MMT.
Estimating Bangladesh Urban Healthcare Expenditure Under the System of Health...HFG Project
Bangladesh is a densely populated country with 23 % people residing in urban areas and with a 3.5% annual growth of urban population. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics divided into seven administrative divisions: Barisal, Chittagong, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, and Sylhet. Each division is divided into zilas, and each zila into upazilas. Each urban area in an upazila is divided into wards, which are further subdivided into mohallas. A rural area in an upazila is divided into union parishads (UPs) and, within UPs, into mouzas. The people who are living in wards were considered as urban population and the Ups’ population was considered as rural. However, the division between urban and rural health care is not so distinct and it is difficult to create an urban and rural demarcation of health expenditure. According to BDHS 2014, the urban population has more access to facility delivery, qualified doctors and less unmet need for contraception. This raises the question whether there is more health expenditure by urban population than the rural.
This study aims to estimate the health expenditures of the urban population in terms of provider, financing agents and functions by analyzing the data of National health accounts, which will eventually give a specific direction to identify the gaps and way of addressing those issues.
Unit Cost and Quality of Health Services in NamibiaHFG Project
This document analyzes the unit costs and quality of health services in Namibia. It finds that on average, outpatient unit costs are lowest in health centers and highest in private facilities. Inpatient unit costs are lowest in district hospitals and highest in intermediate hospitals. Quality of services is generally higher in private facilities compared to public facilities. The main drivers of costs include staffing levels, average length of stay for inpatients, and overall facility quality. The study provides recommendations to improve efficiency and quality of health services in Namibia.
Routine Data Quality Assessments in Haryana, India: Rounds 1 & 2 Summary ReportHFG Project
This report is a summary of the routine data quality assessment (RDQA) in Haryana, India. The results generated through its application has demonstrated that administering routine data assessments in the state can facilitate improvements in data quality. In order to catalyze and sustain such improvements, such assessments should be considered as one part of a more comprehensive approach that includes systems-level interventions. Routine quality assessments would provide regular data with which to monitor progress of data quality, identify systemic gaps, and ensure compliance by relevant HMIS personnel (i.e. service providers, information assistants, M&E officers, and supervisors) to the appropriate processes. Through prioritization of systems strengthening initiatives, the NHM can bolster the HMIS’ underlying components and better foster and sustain data quality improvements.
Fiscal Space and Financing for National Health Insurance in Botswana - ReportHFG Project
This document provides background on Botswana's macroeconomic and fiscal situation as it relates to fiscal space for health financing. It notes that while Botswana has relatively unconstrained fiscal space in the short-term due to diamond exports, economic growth has averaged only 4% in recent years and is highly dependent on minerals. As diamond revenues decline gradually, Botswana will need to generate new sources of export-led growth and increase domestic revenue generation. The long-term challenge is ensuring fiscal sustainability as Botswana transitions its economy away from reliance on minerals.
This document is the 2018 annual report and plan of the Illinois Longitudinal Data System (ILDS), approved by the ILDS Governing Board. It summarizes ILDS governance activities in fiscal year 2018 and outlines priorities and budget for fiscal year 2019. Key activities included expanding the centralized demographic dataset and tools for analyzing education and workforce outcomes. Fiscal year 2019 priorities include further data integration, promoting external research access, and supporting P-20 education workforce initiatives. The report also benchmarks ILDS progress against state requirements for a longitudinal education data system.
This document provides detailed methods and assumptions used to estimate the annual cost and impact of implementing HIV programs proposed in a new investment framework. It describes how the number of people in need was estimated, coverage targets were set, costs of specific program activities were calculated, and an epidemic projection model was used to assess impact. The goal is to estimate resources needed to achieve universal access to HIV treatment, care and support by 2015 through this strategic approach.
This document provides detailed methods and assumptions used to estimate the annual cost of implementing HIV programs under a proposed new investment framework. The framework aims to achieve universal access to HIV treatment, care, and support by 2015 through scaling up a small number of basic program activities to reach key populations, implementing critical interventions to create an enabling environment, and supporting related health and development efforts. Costing methods and projections are described for treatment, prevention of mother-to-child transmission, harm reduction for injecting drug users, behavior change programs, and other components.
A Review of Health Financing in NamibiaHFG Project
This document reviews health financing in Namibia. It finds that while Namibia's GDP growth is expected to slow in the short term, limiting additional resources for health, GDP growth is projected to improve after 2017. Currently, Namibia relies heavily on indirect taxes and SACU revenues, though it aims to broaden its tax base. High unemployment and a large informal sector pose challenges. The government provides most health services, while the private sector is financed through medical aid funds. Overall, Namibia's fiscal capacity indicates potential to increase health spending in the medium term by expanding its domestic revenue and improving government efficiencies.
OSUN STATE, NIGERIA FISCAL SPACE ANALYSIS FOR HEALTH SECTORHFG Project
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Final Report on the Cost-Effectiveness of Providing HIV Testing and Counselin...HFG Project
Resource Type: Report
Authors: Olena Doroshenko, Lisa Tarantino, Peter Cowley, and Ben Johns
Published: 4/30/2015
Resource Description:
HIV service delivery in Ukraine is a vertically structured system, targeting key populations, but compromising efficiency and access to care. HIV testing and counseling (HTC) service is especially meaningful in Ukraine, where of the total estimated number of 238,000 people living with HIV (PLHIV), only 138,000 were registered for HIV care in January 2015. Currently, HTC is available mainly at polyclinics, located in rayon (district) centers and cities, in specialized offices for HTC provision. HIV is mainly diagnosed using ELISA tests. High HIV prevalence in key populations, high levels of loss to follow up after diagnosis, and undiagnosed HIV cases underpin the need to improve access and the existing continuum of HIV care in Ukraine.
Information on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of HIV testing and counseling strategies is scarce globally and absent for Ukraine. In Ukraine, HFG worked with the Chernigiv Oblast Administration, the Ukraine Ministry of Health, the Clinton Health Access Initiative, and other partners to design and implement a pilot model of HTC using rapid HIV tests as a service offered at primary care facilities by non-specialized primary care physicians. The program was implemented in 2014 at 30 primary health care (PHC) facilities in the Chernigiv Region of Ukraine.
This paper analyzes the financial performance of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) from 2009 to 2012 using financial ratio analysis. The study uses data from CBE's annual reports and the National Bank of Ethiopia. The results show that while CBE had the highest return on equity, this was driven by high leverage levels. Additionally, CBE was found to be overly liquid, affecting its revenue generation capacity, partly due to government-imposed loan restrictions. To improve long-term banking performance, it is recommended that Ethiopian banks invest more in interest-bearing assets like loans. The Ethiopian government should also balance controlling inflation with maintaining banking industry viability.
This paper analyzes the financial performance of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia from 2009-2012. It uses ratio analysis of financial statements to assess profitability, liquidity, and gearing. The introduction provides background on banks and financial analysis. The study aims to examine trends, risk, profitability, liquidity, and asset utilization. It uses secondary annual report data and a descriptive approach. The significance is evaluating CBE's performance and recommending improvements. The paper is organized into chapters reviewing literature, discussing results, and providing conclusions and recommendations.
Benchmarking Costs for Non-Clinical Services in Botswana’s Public HospitalsHFG Project
Authors: Peter Stegman, Elizabeth Ohadi, Heather Cogswell, Carlos Avila and Mompati Buzwani
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An analysis of the costs and cost drivers of delivering non-clinical services in hospitals that are not currently outsourcing service delivery provides a cost benchmark. This will enable MOH decision makers and implementers to better understand the costs and cost drivers of non-clinical services and to compare current costs with estimated private sector costs, effectively negotiate contracts, and move toward greater efficiency and cost-savings. Further, cost benchmarks will provide hospitals with the critical data needed to understand not only the cost foundation of outsourced services but also more about what they can expect to receive for that cost, such as the type, quantity, and quality of service or product they are purchasing.
This document presents estimates of Human Development Indices (HDIs) for Pakistan at regional, provincial and district levels using data from the 2014-15 Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement survey. The national HDI is estimated to be 0.524, indicating low human development. However, urban areas have a higher HDI of 0.614, classified as medium development, while rural areas have a lower HDI of 0.473. The study is an improvement over previous estimates as it uses household survey data to develop better proxies for HDI dimensions at sub-national levels, rather than unreliable supply-side data sources used in the past. Key results show regional and inter-provincial differences in human development outcomes across Pakistan.
Similar to Funding Projections to Introduce Three New Family Planning Methods in India (20)
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The 2016 Guyana Health Accounts study found that:
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The document provides an overview of Guyana's 2016 Health Accounts methodology. It summarizes key aspects of the System of Health Accounts 2011 framework used, including boundaries, classifications, and definitions. Data was collected from government, households, NGOs, employers, insurers, and donors to track financial flows for health for 2016. The results help understand Guyana's health financing and answer questions on spending patterns.
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The document summarizes the key findings of Guyana's first Health Accounts exercise for fiscal year 2016. It found that total health expenditure was G$ 28.6 billion, with the government contributing 81% of funding. Household out-of-pocket spending accounted for 9% of total spending. Non-communicable diseases received the largest share of spending at 34%. The analysis aims to inform strategic health financing decisions and assess domestic resource mobilization as external donor funding declines. Recommendations include increasing prevention spending and strengthening financial commitment to HIV programs.
The Next Frontier to Support Health Resource TrackingHFG Project
The document discusses challenges and opportunities for institutionalizing health resource tracking (HRT) in low- and middle-income countries. It identifies three key elements needed for institutionalization: strong demand for HRT data; sustainable local capacity to produce HRT data; and use of HRT results in policy and decision making. It outlines remaining challenges in each area and suggestions for future investments to address challenges, such as building understanding of HRT's value, maintaining local expertise, improving health information systems, and strengthening communication and use of HRT findings.
Rivers State has a population of over 7 million people from various ethnic groups. The main occupations are fishing, farming, and trading. The state has high rates of tuberculosis, neonatal and under-5 mortality, and HIV prevalence. Key stakeholders in health include the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Finance, and various agencies. The USAID Health Finance and Governance project worked to increase domestic health financing through advocacy, establishing a health insurance scheme, and capacity building. These efforts led to increased health budgets, establishment of healthcare financing units, and improved sustainability of health financing in Rivers State.
ASSESSMENT OF RMNCH FUNCTIONALITY IN HEALTH FACILITIES IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIAHFG Project
This document summarizes an assessment of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH) services in health facilities in Bauchi State, Nigeria. It found that infrastructure like electricity, water and toilets were lacking in many facilities. There were also shortages of skilled healthcare workers, especially midwives, and staff training. While many facilities offered antenatal care and immunizations, availability of emergency obstetric and newborn care and services like postnatal care and post-abortion care were more limited. Supplies of essential medicines, equipment and guidelines were also often inadequate. Community outreach was provided by some facilities but could be expanded.
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Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
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https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Bangladesh studies presentation on Liberation War 1971 Indepence-of-Banglades...
Funding Projections to Introduce Three New Family Planning Methods in India
1. April 2017
This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development.
It was prepared by Avenir Health for the Health Finance and Governance project.
FUNDING PROJECTIONS TO INTRODUCE
THREE NEW FAMILY PLANNING
METHODS IN INDIA
2. The Health Finance and Governance Project
USAID’s Health Finance and Governance (HFG) project will help to improve health in developing countries by
expanding people’s access to health care. Led by Abt Associates, the project team will work with partner countries
to increase their domestic resources for health, manage those precious resources more effectively, and make wise
purchasing decisions. As a result, this six-year, $209 million global project will increase the use of both primary and
priority health services, including HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, and reproductive health services. Designed to
fundamentally strengthen health systems, HFG will support countries as they navigate the economic transitions
needed to achieve universal health care.
April 2017
Cooperative Agreement No: AID-OAA-A-12-00080
Submitted to: Scott Stewart, AOR
Office of Health Systems
Bureau for Global Health
Recommended Citation: Health Finance & Governance project. April 2017. Funding Projections to Introduce
Three New Family Planning Methods in India. Bethesda, MD: Health Finance & Governance project, Abt Associates
Inc.
Abt Associates Inc. | 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 800 North | Bethesda, Maryland 20814
T: 301.347.5000 | F: 301.652.3916 | www.abtassociates.com
Avenir Health | Broad Branch Associates | Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI) |
| Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHSPH) | Results for Development Institute (R4D)
| RTI International | Training Resources Group, Inc. (TRG)
3. FUNDING PROJECTIONS
TO INTRODUCE
THREE NEW FAMILY PLANNING
METHODS IN INDIA
DISCLAIMER
The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency
for International Development (USAID) or the United States Government.
4.
5. i
CONTENTS
Acronyms................................................................................................................. iii
Executive Summary ................................................................................................ v
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Background............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Problem Statement and Objectives................................................................................2
2. Methods ................................................................................................................ 3
2.1 Projections of mCPR and estimation of additional users over next five years ..3
2.2 Impact of introduction of new methods .......................................................................3
2.3 The number of total and additional users of modern contraception ...................3
2.4 Method mix among additional users for new methods ............................................4
2.5 Capacity Building..................................................................................................................5
3. Results................................................................................................................... 7
4. Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 13
Annex A: State-level Projections for Modern Methods Contraceptive Use
and Costs ................................................................................................................ 15
Annex B. Capacity Building of Staff for Introducing New Contraceptives... 47
List of Tables
Table ES.1: Annual and total cost of commodities and capacity building for new methods
2017-2021 (Rs. millions)........................................................................................................... vii
Table 1: Distribution of additional users by new methods.........................................................5
Table 2: Projected mCPR for calculating the users of modern methods...............................7
Table 3: Number of additional users of all methods in all states of India 2017–2021........9
Table 4: Users of new methods and OCPs 2017–2021 ............................................................10
Table 5: Commodities required per method per year and costs per method per year..10
Table 6: Total cost of new methods, 2017–2021 (RS. millions)..............................................11
Table 7: Total cost of training (Rs. millions).................................................................................11
Table 8: Annual and total cost of commodities and capacity building for new methods
2017-2021 (Rs. millions)...........................................................................................................12
Table A.1: Projections of mCPR during 2012-2020....................................................................16
Table A.2: Projected additional users for all methods during 2012-2020............................18
Table A.2: Projected additional users for all methods during 2012-2020 (Cont.).............20
Table A.3: mCPR and Method mix..................................................................................................22
Table A.4: Distribution of additional users by methods -Non-focus states and districts 24
Table A.4: Distribution of additional users by methods -Non-focus states and districts
(cont.)............................................................................................................................................26
Table A.5: Distribution of additional users by methods -Focus states and districts .........28
Table A.5: Distribution of additional users by methods -Focus states and districts
(Cont.)...........................................................................................................................................29
Table A.6: Projected number of users of injectable, OCP, Centchroman and POP-Non
Focus states and districts.........................................................................................................30
6. ii
Table A.6: Projected number of users of injectable, OCP, Centchroman and POP-Non
Focus states and districts (Cont.)..........................................................................................32
Table A.7: Projected number of users of injectable, OCP, Centchroman and POP-Focus
and N0n-Focus states and districts.......................................................................................34
Table A.7: Projected number of users of injectable, OCP, Centchroman and POP-Focus
and N0n-Focus states and districts (Cont.)........................................................................35
Table A.8: Total users of new methods-all states and districts...............................................36
Table A.9: Total requirement of commodities-all states...........................................................38
Table A.9: Total requirement of commodities-all states (Cont.)............................................40
Table A.10: Budget requirement of new contraceptives-all states.........................................42
Table A.10: Budget requirement of new contraceptives:-All states (Cont.) .......................44
Table A.11: Summary Cost of New Methods for 2017-2021..................................................46
Table B.1: Health Infrastructure in all states of India .................................................................47
Table B.2: State level courses (number of participants and states/UTs included) .............49
Table B.3: Cost of state level trainers ............................................................................................51
Table B.4: District level and CHC/PHC level courses required and their cost..................52
Table B.5: LHV and ANM courses required and their cost .....................................................54
List of Figures
Figure ES.1: Projected number of modern method users 2016-2021.................................... vi
Figure 1: Number of modern method users 2016–2021............................................................7
7. iii
ACRONYMS
AHS Annual Health Survey
ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife
ANMTC Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Training Centre
ASHA Accredited Social Health Activist
CHC Community Health Center
COC Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill
DLHS District Level Household Survey
DMPA Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
FPET Family Planning Estimation Tool
GOI Government of India
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IUCD Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices
LHV Lady Health Visitor
mCPR Modern Method Contraceptive Prevalence Rate
MO Medical Officer
MWRA Married Women of Reproductive Age
NFHS National Family Health Survey
OBGYN Obstetrician and Gynecologist
OCP Oral Contraceptive Pill
PHC Primary Health Center
POP Progesterone-only Pill
PPIUCD Postpartum Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
SD Subdivision
STI Sexually Transmitted Infection
TFR Total Fertility Rate
USAID United States Agency for International Development
8.
9. v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction
India has recently added three new family planning methods to the National Family Planning Programme:
(1) Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA), an injectable contraceptive, (2) Centchroman, a
weekly oral contraceptive pill, and (3) a Progesterone-only Pill (POP). This public health policy change is
intended to accelerate progress under India’s Family Planning 2020 goals, which include providing
contraceptive coverage to an additional 48 million women and increasing contraceptive options. This
financing projection provides the Government of India with estimates of funding required to procure
these new contraceptives and ensure that proper budget supports effective implementation.
The USAID-funded Health Finance and Governance team applied a modelling tool to project state-wise
modern method contraceptive prevalence rates (mCPR) and new users over the next five years. The
projections include contraceptive method mix changes both for new users and switchers due to the
introduction of new contraceptives. Based on the method mix projections, this report estimates the
funding required by the government to procure and implement these three new contraceptive methods
over the five-year period.
Methods
Trends in the future use of modern contraception were projected based on the series of family planning
surveys conducted over the years (including National Family Health Survey, District Level Household
Survey, and Annual Health Survey) and the Family Planning Estimation Tool, a model for projecting
trends in modern contraceptive use. Projections were made at both the national and state level.
Family planning use in India is largely for limiting the total number of births. Female sterilization is the
dominant method. Spacing methods (pills, condoms, and traditional methods such as withdrawal) are
used infrequently and sporadically. International experience has shown that the addition of new methods
to a national program can increase contraceptive use significantly. Therefore, we assumed that the
addition of the three new methods will lead to an increase in overall modern contraceptive use,
primarily for spacing, while the use of permanent methods will continue according to current patterns.
We also assumed that the uptake of injectables will initially be slow but by 2021 half of additional users
will be using injectables and the other half will be using equal shares of combined oral contraceptive pills
(COCs), Centchroman, and POPs.
Capacity building of service providers is required at all levels before supplies of new methods start
arriving at the facilities. Three days of training are required for regional trainers to cover injectables,
Centchroman, POPs, COCs, and emergency contraceptive pills. Similar training is needed at the state
level and below. Training of trainers at the state level has begun and will be cascaded down to lower
levels in the coming three years.
10. vi
Results
The total number of modern method users increases from 128 million in 2016 to 150 million in 2021,
resulting in 22 million additional users of modern contraception (Figure ES.1).
Figure ES.1: Projected number of modern method users 2016-2021
Detailed projections by state and year for married women of reproductive age, mCPR, additional users
for all methods, and their method-wise break-up were also generated. We project that 17 states will
have mCPR above 60 percent by 2021. The amount of increase varies by state according to their
historical trends. The largest increases in mCPR are projected for Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar,
Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Manipur, Sikkim,
Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.
The largest number of additional new method users is projected to come from Uttar Pradesh followed
by West Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Except for West Bengal, these are all focus
states. Under the assumptions described above, there will be almost 230,000 users of injectables, and
76,000 users each of Centchroman and of POP by 2021. The remainder of the projected additional
users of modern contraceptives will use existing methods including sterilization, COC, and condoms.
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125
130
135
140
145
150
155
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Million
Years
11. vii
Table ES.1 summarizes the timing and costs of the new commodities and capacity building. The total
cost of commodities for the new methods is expected to be about Rs. 529 million from 2017 to 2021.
Capacity building adds an additional Rs. 321 million for a total additional cost of Rs. 850 million.
Expenditures are higher in the first three years while training is underway, but then drop once the scale-
up phase is complete.
Table ES.1: Annual and total cost of commodities and capacity building for new methods 2017-2021
(Rs. millions)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017-2021
Injectable 27 43 44 57 68 239
Centchroman 2 2 2 2 2 10
POP 76 78 69 57 280
Total 29 121 123 127 127 529
Cost of capacity
building
150 84 87 321
Total 179 205 211 128 127 850
Conclusion
The addition of these new methods to the government family planning program is intended to provide
better choices for couples who wish to space their births or do not want to use sterilization. It is
expected that the availability of these new methods will increase the number of modern method users
of family planning by improving choice and the quality of services. For the three new modern methods, it
is estimated that there will be almost 230,000 users of injectables, 76,000 users of Centchroman, and
76,000 users of POP by 2021. The largest numbers of users for the new methods are projected to come
from highly populated northern states, such as Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and
West Bengal. There will be increases in costs for the procurement of contraceptives and capacity
building, but the increased costs are not particularly large when compared with total expenditures on
family planning by the government. The annual budgets required for procuring the commodities at the
current market cost is around Rs. 120 million per year (12 crores) and this represents less than 10
percent of current family planning expenditure by the Government of India. The funding estimations of
this study will help the government to allocate its budgets for commodity purchase in a timely manner,
while the rigorous modelling methods will help policymakers to justify their budget allocation requests.
12.
13. 1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
India is home to a growing population of over 1.2 billion people that is expected to surpass 1.4 billion by
2026.1 Although the national Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined from 3.2 to 2.3 births per women
between 2000 and 2013, it remains above the target TFR of 2.1, driven by several high-focus, high-
fertility states. Young age at marriage and first childbirth, short spacing between births, high fertility
among young women, and unmet need for family planning all contribute to high overall fertility,
population growth, maternal and infant mortality, and unsustainable use of resources for health.
The Government of India (GOI) has long recognized the impact of family planning on broader health and
welfare goals, and accordingly was the first country to launch the National Family Planning Programme in
1952.1 The approach of this and successor organizations has evolved over the ensuing 65 years, and now
envisages family planning as a mechanism for averting maternal and child deaths, stabilizing the
population, and promoting economic and social progress. These goals align with various national and
international commitments of the Government of India, including the National Health Mission, the
Sustainable Development Goals, and India’s Family Planning 2020 commitments.2
Along with over 60 other countries in attendance, India committed at the 2012 London Summit on
Family Planning to take political, financial, and service delivery steps to sustain and grow family planning
coverage by 2020.2 Specific commitments by 2020 include increasing financing for family planning to over
US$2 billion, sustaining contraceptive coverage for 100 million women currently using them, expanding
access to services to an additional 48 million women, and expanding the choice of available
contraceptives and family planning methods for all people of reproductive age. At present, for too many
Indian women, early marriage and childbirth followed by sterilization remains the only option. Data from
the fourth National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) show that less than half of women use any form of
modern contraception, and of those who do, two-thirds have been sterilized.3 More than 26 percent of
Indian women are married by the time they are 18 (NFHS-4) and the contraceptive use by married
adolescents is dismally poor at only 7 percent (NFHS-3).3 Methods to delay or space children are not
widely available: only 1.5 percent of women use an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD), 4 percent
use oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), and 5 percent use condoms (NFHS-4).3
A key indicator for measuring progress on the Family Planning 2020 commitments is the Modern
Methods Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (mCPR). Methods counted toward the mCPR and covered
under the National Family Planning Programme include birth spacing methods like OCPs, condoms,
IUCDs, and permanent methods of male and female sterilization. New methods being added to expand
choice and access include Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) Injectable; Centchroman, a
weekly pill developed in India; Progesterone-only Pills (POPs); and implants.1 Piloting of POP and
approval for new contraceptive implants are still underway.1 Increasing choice and introducing new
contraceptive methods in India could play a significant role in reducing the unmet need of a large
1 Department of Health and Family Welfare. 2016. Annual Report of Department of Health and Family Welfare for the
year of 2015-16. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India.
2 Family Planning Division. 2014. India’s ‘Vision FP 2020’. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Government of India.
3 International Institute for Population Sciences (India) and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2016. National Family
Health Survey 4 (NFHS-4): India Fact Sheet.
14. 2
proportion of adolescents and young couples. The inclusion of new family planning methods under the
National Family Planning Programme will also impact demand for services, the mCPR, and funding for
procurement, provision, and capacity building.
DMPA Injectable has been approved in India and available through private providers since 1994.4 Users
receive an intramuscular injection every three months (or within 11 to 17 weeks after last injection),
which results in three months of contraceptive protection that is safe, is highly effective, and has been
linked to additional health benefits. Drawbacks of DMPA may include menstrual changes, other side
effects like headache and dizziness, and a delay in return to fertility after use has been discontinued.
DMPA provides no protection from HIV or other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which providers
must make clear to patients during counselling.
Centchroman has been available under subsidy by the Social Marketing Programme in India since 1995,
and is now being added to the National Family Planning Programme.1, 4 Also known in India by the names
Saheli and Novex, Centchroman (ormeloxifene) is a non-steroidal weekly OCP developed at India’s
Central Drug Research Institute for use as an alternative to daily progesterone-estrogen combination
pills.5 Centchroman functions by preventing implantation of a fertilized ovum, thus preventing pregnancy,
without disrupting the normal ovulatory cycle or causing other side effects like nausea or bleeding. Like
DMPA Injectable, Centchroman offers no protection against HIV or other STIs.4
1.2 Problem Statement and Objectives
Three new contraceptives are being added to India’s public sector family planning program, with
widespread use expected to begin in 2017. The three contraceptives are DMPA Injectable,
Centchroman, and POPs. Of these, DMPA Injectable and Centchroman are ready for roll-out.
Widespread introduction of POP is planned starting in 2018. A fourth contraceptive, implants, is not yet
approved; its roll-out is expected in about two years. There is a need to ensure adequate funding for
procurement and supply of these new contraceptives within the government budgets, as well as
financing to support capacity-building activities. In view of this, the USAID-funded Health Finance and
Governance team applied a modelling tool to project state-wise modern method contraceptive
prevalence rates, new users, and funding requirements for new family planning commodities over the
next five years.
The study has three main objectives:
Estimate the demand for the new contraceptives for the next five years
Estimate the cost of procuring the required commodities
Estimate the funds required to build provider capacity
4 Urban Health Initiative. 2012 [cited 2017 April 17]. What are Progestin-Only Injectables? Presentations for Service
Providers. Urban Health Initiative India. Available from http://www.uhi-
india.org.in/toolkits/dmpa/DMPA_PPT_Service_Providers_Eng.pdf
5 Central Drug Research Institute. 2017 [cited 2017 April 17]. Centchroman. CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute.
Available from http://www.cdri.res.in/Centchroman.aspx
15. 3
2. METHODS
2.1 Projections of mCPR and estimation of additional users
over next five years
The national trend of growth in the mCPR has been estimated using the serial national surveys (NFHS,
District Level Household Survey (DLHS), and Annual Health Survey (AHS)) with the Family Planning
Estimation Tool.6,7 This projection shows little or no growth in mCPR. We applied this same approach
to the state level2 and assumed that no state would have an mCPR above 70 percent, the current level
for Andhra Pradesh, because that level is more than sufficient to achieve replacement-level fertility.
2.2 Impact of introduction of new methods
International experience shows that introduction of new methods eventually increases mCPR by 5–8
percentage points for each new method that becomes available to the entire population.8 We assume
that the gradual roll-out of a completely new method, injectables, coupled with Centchroman and POP,
which are essentially new forms of the OCP, will increase the total market by at least 6–7 percentage
points by 2020–2021, and the mCPR from 47.8 percent, as measured by the NFHS-4, to 57 percent by
2021.
2.3 The number of total and additional users of modern
contraception
The total number of family planning users has been estimated by multiplying the projected mCPR by the
projected number of married women of reproductive age (MWRA). State-level projections were made
using the same methods and adjusted so that the aggregate growth at the state levels matched the
national projection. Additional users are calculated as total users in any future year minus users in the
base year, 2016. Note that ‘additional users’ are different from new users. New users might refer to
those who are new to family planning or to a particular method or source. Since some women will
discontinue contraceptive use and others will age out of the reproductive age group, they need to be
replaced by new users to maintain the current number of total users. So there could be a significant
number of ‘new’ users even if there were no ‘additional’ users. Additional users represent the net
increase in the total number of users.
6 New JR, Cahill N, Stover J, Gupta YP, Alkema L. Forthcoming. Rates and trends in contraceptive prevalence, unmet
need and demand for family planning for 29 states and union territories in India: a subnational analysis with the Family
Planning Estimation Tool. Lancet Global Health.
7Alkema, L, Kantorova, V, Menozzi, C, and Biddlecom, A. 2013. National, regional, and global rates and trends in
contraceptive prevalence and unmet need for family planning between 1990 and 2015: a systematic and comprehensive
analysis. Lancet 381:1642–1652.
8Ross J, Stover J. 2013. Use of modern contraception increases when more methods become available: analysis of
evidence from 1982-2009. Global Health Science and Practice 1(2):203–212. doi: 10.9745/GHSP-D-13-00010.
16. 4
2.4 Method mix among additional users for new methods
Data from the NFHS-4 indicate the current method mix in each state. To estimate how the method mix
would change with the addition of the new methods, we relied on international experience.
Data on family planning methods from Demographic and Health Surveys for 83 countries show a range
of 0 percent to 32 percent of MWRA age using injectables as their main method of family planning. The
median prevalence of injectable use is 4.0 percent, and the mean is 7.4 percent with an inner-quartile
range of 1.2 percent–11.3 percent.
A global analysis of the oral contraceptive market by Global One-Stop Reports shows that POPs and
combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs) share the market equally. Since POPs may have fewer side
effects, they may be preferred by some women. That may help to grow the market but would also likely
cut into the share of COCs.
Contraceptive use in India is primarily for limiting births and is dominated by female sterilization. The
use of these limiting methods is already at high levels and has brought the TFR down to replacement
level in many states. As a result, we do not expect the new methods to have a large effect on the use of
permanent methods. Instead, we expect that the new methods will be most useful for those wanting to
space their children and those who, for whatever reason, do not adopt sterilization. Currently, these
women use pills, condoms, and traditional methods. Since each of these methods has some problems, a
significant portion of women cycle in and out of use and non-use. The new methods are intended to
provide better options for these women as they are more convenient to use and should have fewer side
effects.
For these reasons, we have assumed that the number of users of the current methods other than OCPs
will remain constant. (Note that there will still be new users of existing methods to replace drop-outs
and those reaching age 50.) Additional users will be divided among injectables and oral contraceptives.
Initially, injectables will account for one-quarter of new methods users, but this share will grow to 50
percent by 2021 as injectables become more widely known. The remaining additional users will be
equally divided among COCs, POPs, and Centchroman, as shown in Table 1. We have assumed faster
roll-out of injectables in the focus districts as initial efforts will prioritize those districts. Note that these
distributions apply to additional users only, so the number of users of each method will be low in the
first year and increase gradually until 2021. State-level projections for the new family planning methods
are shown in Annex A.
17. 5
Table 1: Distribution of additional users by new methods
Focus districts in 7 focus states
Inject. OCP Centchroman POP
1st
year 25% 55% 20%
2nd
year 30% 23% 23% 23%
3rd
year 40% 20% 20% 20%
4th
year 45% 18% 18% 18%
5th
year 50% 17% 17% 17%
Non-focus districts in 7 focus states and all non-focus states
Inject. OCP Centchroman POP
1st year 20% 60% 20%
2nd year 25% 25% 25% 25%
3rd year 30% 23% 23% 23%
4th year 40% 20% 20% 20%
5th year 50% 17% 17% 17%
2.5 Capacity Building
Capacity building of service providers is required at all levels before supplies of new methods start
arriving at the facilities. Three days of training are required for regional trainers to cover injectables,
Centchroman, POPs, COCs, and the emergency contraceptive pill. Similar training is to be held at the
state level and below. Training of trainers at the state level has begun and will be cascaded down to
lower levels in the coming three years. We have made the following assumptions for the training roll-
out:
1. State-level teams will consist of state trainers who have completed postpartum intrauterine
device (PPIUD) or other clinical training.
2. District-level teams will have as trainers obstetricians and gynecologists (OBGYNs) from district
hospitals, sister tutors from a nursing college (if any), and sister tutors of auxiliary nurse midwife
training centers (ANMTCs).
3. District-level teams will train the medical officers (MOs) from community health centers
(CHCs) and primary health centers (PHCs) and sister tutors from ANMTCs will train lady
health visitors (LHVs) and auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs).
4. LHVs/ANMs will train accredited social health activists (ASHAs) in monthly meetings.
18. 6
The detailed calculation about the number of participants in each state, the number of courses, and the
costs for all states, are given in Annex B. The following norms have been used to calculate the Rs.9
Cost of various courses
*Cost of one training course for district-level officers/CHC/PHC medical officers
(Group A trainees)
Cost of 2-day training for 15 participants=68,425
Cost for 10 participants=47,150
Cost of training for 20 participants=89,700
Cost of training for 25 participants=110,975
Cost of training for 30 participants=132,250
*Cost one training of 2 days for LHV/ANM (Group C and D trainees)
Cost of 2-day training for 15 participants=51,175
Cost of 2-day training for 30 participants=97,750
Cost of 2-day training for 10 participants=30,475
Cost of 2-day training for 20 participants=56,350
*All calculations based on state norms
Assumptions about phasing of training
Non-focus states
1. All state- and district-level trainings will be done in 2017-18.
2. All subdivision (SD)-level training will also be done in 2017-18.
3. 50% of CHCs and of PHCs, and all LHVs in non-focus states will be covered in 2017-18.
4. 50% of CHCs and of PHCs will be covered in 2018-19 in non-focus states.
5. All ANMs will be covered in 2019-20 in non-focus states.
Focus states and focus districts
1. All state- and district-level trainings will be done in 2017-18.
2. All SD-level training will also be done in 2017-18.
3. 50% of CHCs and of PHCs, and all LHVs will be covered in 2017-18
4. 50% of CHCs, PHCs, and ANMs will be covered in 2018-19.
5. 50% of ANMs will be covered in 2019-20.
9 US$ 1 equal to Rs. 67.2 in 2016.
19. 7
3. RESULTS
The total number of modern method users increases from 128 million in 2016 to 150 million in 2021,
resulting in 22 million additional users of modern contraception (Figure 1).
Figure 1: Number of modern method users 2016–2021
The projected mCPR by state is given in Table 2. Detailed projections by state and year for MWRA,
mCPR, additional users for all methods, and their break-up method-wise are given in Annex A. We
project that 17 states will have mCPR above 60 percent by 2021. The amount of increase varies by state
according to their historical trends. The largest increases in mCPR are projected for Arunachal Pradesh,
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Meghalaya, Manipur,
Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal.
Table 2: Projected mCPR for calculating the users of modern methods
State
Projected mCPR for all modern methods (%)
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Andaman & Nicobar 50 51 52 54 55 56
Andhra Pradesh 70 70 70 70 70 70
Arunachal Pradesh 48 50 51 52 54 55
Assam 43 44 46 47 48 49
Bihar 28 30 31 32 34 35
Chandigarh 68 69 70 70 70 70
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Million
Years
22. 10
The largest number of additional users is projected to come from Uttar Pradesh followed by West
Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Except for West Bengal, these are all focus states.
The aggregated users of new methods and OCPs for India are given in Table 4. The state-wise break-up
is given in Annex A. Under the assumptions described above there will be almost 230,000 users of
injectables in 2021, 76,000 users of Centchroman, and 76,000 users of POPs. Centchroman is currently
sold under social marketing so some awareness already exists; thus, we expect faster uptake of it than
of POPs.1
Table 4: Users of new methods and OCPs 2017–2021
Year Injectable OCP Centchroman POP
2017 89903 253072 85745
2018 145,093 102,081 101,908 101,908
2019 145,862 103,876 103,734 103,734
2020 189,800 92,001 92,001 91,877
2021 229,217 76,406 76,299 76,299
Commodity requirement have been calculated by multiplying the number of users given in Table 4 and
the norm per user given in Table 5. The cost of commodities has been calculated by multiplying the
commodities needed by the unit cost given in Table 5.
Table 5: Commodities required per method per year and costs per method per year
Commodities
Annual
requiremen
Unitcost
Commodity requirements (thousands) and cost (Rs. millions)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Units Cost Units Cost Units Cost Units Cost Units Cost
Injectable 4 vials
Rs. 75
per vial
360 27.0 574 43.1 583 43.5 759 56.6 917 68.3
Centchroman 8 strips
Rs. 2.50
per strip
686 2 811 2.03 824 2.06 731 1.83 606 1.52
POP
13
cycles
Rs. 58
per strip
1,320 76.4 1,340 77.7 1,190 68.8 985 57.1
Total 1046 28.7 2,703 121 2,750 123 2,680 127 2,510 127
23. 11
The cost for three new methods for five years (2017–2021) is summarized in Table 6.
Table 6: Total cost of new methods, 2017–2021 (RS. millions)
Injectable 239
Centchroman 10
POP 280
Total 529
The average annual cost of new contraceptives represents 7 percent of current family planning
expenditure. (Family planning expenditure is calculated from direct expenditure reported under family
planning headings, Rs. 7,265.6 million). Given the government’s strong commitment to family planning, it
seems likely that required funds can be made available from domestic resources.
The aggregated cost of training of service providers is given in Table 7.
Details are provided in in Annex B.
Table 7: Total cost of training (Rs. millions)
2017 2018 2019
State level 1.05
District level 6.41
SD level 4.7
CHC level
Non-focus states 32.9 32.9
Focus states 35.1 35.1
LHV 70.1
ANM
Non-focus states 70.8
Focus states 16.3 16.2
Total 150 84.2 87.0
Total = 321
24. 12
The total cost of procuring new contraceptives and capacity building of service providers is given in
Table 8. The total annual cost represents about 10 percent of current family planning expenditures.
Expenditures are higher in the first three years while training is underway but then drop once the scale-
up phase is complete.
Table 8: Annual and total cost of commodities and capacity building for new methods
2017-2021 (Rs. millions)
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017-2021
Injectable 28 43 44 57 68 239
Centchroman 3 2 2 2 2 11
POP 76 78 69 57 280
Total 31 121 123 127 127 529
Cost of capacity building 150 84 87 321
Total 181 205 211 128 127 852
The cost of educational material to be used for training will be developed from existing resources; this
cost is not included here.
25. 13
4. CONCLUSION
The modelling results show that the method mix scenario will change over the next five years with the
introduction of three new contraceptives. The new contraceptive methods are not expected to have a
large effect on the use of permanent methods; instead, it is assumed that the new methods will have
more uptakes from young, newly married, low parity couples and adolescents, who aspire to delay and
space their children. Currently, these women use pills, condoms, and traditional methods and because of
side effects or inconvenience of these methods, large percentages of the women will switch and
discontinue the methods. The new methods (DMPA, Centchroman, and POP) are intended to provide
better options for these women, as they are more convenient and have fewer side effects.
The largest number of users for the new methods is projected to come from highly populated northern
states, such as Assam, Bihar, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. It is estimated that
there will be almost 230,000 users of injectables, and 76,000 users each of Centchroman and of POP in
2021. The annual budgets required for procuring the commodities at the current market cost is around
Rs. 120 million per year (12 crores), less than 10 percent of current family planning expenditure by GOI.
This study provides funding projections and an innovative modelling tool to inform and guide
government budgets, implementation plans, and projected method mix changes over the next five years.
The costs projected by this study will be a useful tool to help GOI allocate its budgets for commodity
purchase in a timely manner. These projections, derived through rigorous modelling methods, will also
help policymakers use the appropriate rationale to justify their budget allocation requests to the
Ministry of Finance and thus will accelerate the complex approval process. Timely budget approvals and
fund flows will enable procurement and distribution processes to continue uninterrupted and will
prevent stock-outs at health facilities.
58. 46
Table A.11: Summary cost of new methods for 2017-2021(Rs.)
Total cost for injectable during 2017-2021 239,195,801
Total cost for Centchroman during 2017-2021 10,926,589
Total cost for POP during 2017-2021 280,133,726
60. 48
States/UTs
No. of
districts
No. of
DHs
NO. of
SDH
No. of
CHCs
No. of
PHCs
No. Of
LHV
No. of
SCs
No. of
ANM
No. of
ASHA
Odisha 30 32 27 377 1305 802 6688 6688 44583
Lakshdeep 1 2 3 4 14 102
Pondicherry 4 5 0 3 24 12 54 54 0
Punjab 22 22 41 150 427 467 2951 2951 18722
Sikkim 4 4 0 2 24 16 147 147 666
Tamil Nadu 32 31 240 385 1372 991 8706 8706 3905
Telengana 31 7 31 114 668 944 4863 4863 28439
Tripura 8 6 11 20 91 0 1017 1017 7590
Uttarakhand 13 19 17 59 257 155 1848 1848 11086
West Bengal 20 22 37 347 909 121 10357 10357 51322
UP 75 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 146588
Bihar 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 85387
MP 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 64627
Rajasthan 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 52407
Jharkhand 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40964
Chhattisgarh 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 66713
Assam 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30730
Assumptions:
State-level teams will consist of state trainers who had been doing PPIUD or other clinical training.
District-level team will have as trainers OBGYNs from district hospitals, sister tutors from nursing college (if any), and sister tutors of
ANMTCs.
District-level team will train the MOs from CHCs and PHCs, and sister tutors of ANMTCs will train the LHVs and ANMs.
LHV/ANMs will train ASHAs in monthly meetings.
61. 49
Table B.2: State level courses (number of participants and states/UTs included)
Course 1 (2+1+3+1+2=9 include Daman Dieu, Delhi, D & N, Goa and A & N)
Course 2 (4+4+6=10, MANIPUR+Mizoram+ NAGALAND)
Course 3 (6+8+1=15 Haryana, Punjab and chandigarh)
Course 4 (2+11=13, include Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu)
Course 5 (11+5=16 includes AP and Telengana)
Course 6 (2+7+3=12, Sikkim, West Bengal and Tripura)
Course 7 (11-Gujrat)
Course 8 (6-Himachal Pradesh)
Course 9 (8-J & K)
Course 10 (10+5=15, Karnataka and Kerala)
Course 11 (8+4+4 =16 includes Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam)
Course 12 (12-Maharashtra)
Course 13 (10-Odisha)
Course 14 (5-Uttrakhand)
Course 15 (20-UP)
Course 16 (12+8=20 Bihar+ Jharkhand)
Course 17 (17-MP)
Course 18 (11-Rajasthan)
Course 19 (8-Chhattisgarh)
62. 50
Cost per training course used
*Cost of one training course for district level officers/CHC/PHC medical officers (Group A trainees)
Cost of 2 day training for 15 participants=68425
Cost for 10 participants=47150
Cost of training for 20 participants=89700
Cost of training for 25 participants=110975
Cost of training for 30 participants=132250
*Cost one training of 2 days for LHV/ANM (Group C & D trainees)
Cost of 2 day training for 15 participants=51175
Cost of 2 day training for 30 participants=97750
Cost of 2 day training for 10 participants=30475
Cost of 2 day training for 20 participants=56350
*All calculations based on state norms
*All costs in Rs.
63. 51
Table B.3: Cost of state level trainers (Rs.)
S.No. State Level Courses Number of participants Cost
1 Course 1 (Daman Dieu, Delhi, D&N, Goa and A&N) 9 47150
2 Course 2 (Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland) 10 47150
3 Course 3 (Haryana, Punjab, and Chandigarh) 15 68425
4 Course 4 (Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu) 13 68425
5 Course5 (AP and Telengana) 16 68425
6 Course6 (Sikkim, West Bengal, and Tripura) 12 47150
7 Course7 (Gujrat) 11 47150
8 Course8 (Himachal Pradesh and K&K) 14 68425
9 Course9 (Karnataka and Kerala) 15 68425
10 Course10 (Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, and Assam) 16 68425
11 Course11 (Maharashtra) 12 47150
12 Course12 (Odisha) 10 47150
13 Course13 (UP and Uttarakahnd) 25 110975
14 Course14 (Bihar and Jharkhand)) 20 89700
15 Course15 (MP and Chhatisgarh) 25 110975
16 Course16 (Rajasthan) 11 47150
Total 1052250