This document discusses function overloading in C++. It explains that function overloading allows multiple functions to have the same name but different parameters. This improves readability and allows functions to be distinguished at compile time based on their signatures. It provides an example of overloading the sum() function to take integer or double parameters. The key requirements for overloading are that functions must differ in number or type of parameters, and their return types may be different. Overloaded functions are distinguished by their signatures, which include the function name and parameter types.