This document summarizes information about a renewable energy project to provide clean water access in El Salvador. It describes the location and population statistics of El Salvador and its capital San Salvador. It then discusses El Salvador's history, current electricity infrastructure issues, and lack of clean water access especially in rural areas. The document outlines needs and specifications for a potential water pumping project using solar power. It presents design details for a solar-powered water pumping system and cost estimates. Finally, it lists references for components discussed in the proposal.
The Future We Want:CLEWs Nexus Framework for Global Sustainable DevelopmentAshutosh Vajpeyi
"Eliminating poverty and hunger; feeding, nurturing, housing, educating and employing 9 billion people; securing peace, security and freedom; and preserving the Earth’s life support systems in the next two generations”
Indus is a river system that sustains communities in both countries India and Pakistan, which have extensively dammed the Indus River for irrigation of their crops and hydro-electricity systems. The river tributaries are Jhelum and Chenab rivers, which primarily flow into Pakistan while other branches—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—irrigate northern India. Conflict in the basin started in 1947 when India stopped water flowing through its canals to Pakistan, forcing the later to approach international agencies for help. Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed by both countries in 1960, giving exclusive rights over the three western rivers of the Indus river system (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) to Pakistan, and over the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) to India. Competing water demands and inadequate water availability for irrigation and other uses stress regional economy which leads to failing of legal and governance institutions. Water dispute in Indus River Basin (IRB) arose due to poor governance and lack of proper institutions to manage water between two stakeholders, which stressed the amount of water available in the basin. Changing climate worldwide and its effect on mountain snow-caps and glaciers have been exerting new set of challenges to the governance and institutions managing the waters of IRB. Based on the review of secondary literature and scenario analysis, this article exposes the inherent uncertainties and suggests governance solutions.
It is a case study on the Narmada River Valley Project, it includes impact of dams on environment, other examples, critical acclaim and facts and figures related to the NRVP, and also many more details.
The Future We Want:CLEWs Nexus Framework for Global Sustainable DevelopmentAshutosh Vajpeyi
"Eliminating poverty and hunger; feeding, nurturing, housing, educating and employing 9 billion people; securing peace, security and freedom; and preserving the Earth’s life support systems in the next two generations”
Indus is a river system that sustains communities in both countries India and Pakistan, which have extensively dammed the Indus River for irrigation of their crops and hydro-electricity systems. The river tributaries are Jhelum and Chenab rivers, which primarily flow into Pakistan while other branches—the Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej—irrigate northern India. Conflict in the basin started in 1947 when India stopped water flowing through its canals to Pakistan, forcing the later to approach international agencies for help. Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) was signed by both countries in 1960, giving exclusive rights over the three western rivers of the Indus river system (Jhelum, Chenab and Indus) to Pakistan, and over the three eastern rivers (Sutlej, Ravi and Beas) to India. Competing water demands and inadequate water availability for irrigation and other uses stress regional economy which leads to failing of legal and governance institutions. Water dispute in Indus River Basin (IRB) arose due to poor governance and lack of proper institutions to manage water between two stakeholders, which stressed the amount of water available in the basin. Changing climate worldwide and its effect on mountain snow-caps and glaciers have been exerting new set of challenges to the governance and institutions managing the waters of IRB. Based on the review of secondary literature and scenario analysis, this article exposes the inherent uncertainties and suggests governance solutions.
It is a case study on the Narmada River Valley Project, it includes impact of dams on environment, other examples, critical acclaim and facts and figures related to the NRVP, and also many more details.
- Sistemas
- Concepto de: LEC y Homeostasis
- Funciones de Comunicación
- Estrés
- Control Hormonal de la Temperatura
- Función Renal
- Unidad Funcional del Riñón Nefrón
Ram Pump and Solar Pump Training ~ Green Empowerment
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For more information, Please see websites below:
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Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
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Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
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Free School Gardening Art Posters =
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Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
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City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
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Huerto Ecológico, Tecnologías Sostenibles, Agricultura Organica
http://scribd.com/doc/239850233
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
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Environment From Unsustainable to Sustainable development Urban problems related to energy Water conservation, rain water
harvesting, watershed management Resettlement and rahabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Case Studies Environmental
ethics : Issues and possible solutions. Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust.
Case Studies. Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act Wildlife Protection Act Forest Conservation Act Issues involved in
enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness.
Introduction
What’s Hydroelectricity?
How Hydropower Works?
Essential Element of a Hydropower Plant
Classification of Hydropower Electric Plant
Show a Dynamic model of Hydel Power
Procedure of the Making Model
Equipment
Some View of the Project
Advantage
Disadvantage
Effect
Methods to alleviate the negative impact
Continent Wide distribution
Conclusion
Global Energy Network: The Next World Wide Web (at Stanford University)Stellar Solar
New "Internet of Energy” Key to Fighting Climate Change
The key to fighting climate change is for the U.S. to take a leadership role in promoting a “new world wide web of electricity,” according to Michael Powers, board member and spokesman for Global Energy Network Institute, a non-profit research and education group based in San Diego.
Powers made the comments at Stanford University’s recent conference, “Energy in the Developing World: Working toward a Sustainable Future.” The conference was organized by the Stanford Association for International Development (SAID) and the Graduate School of Business.
“By connecting regional electricity grids around the world into a global network, it will be possible to tap new renewable resources and phase out our worst polluting coal-fired power plants,” Powers said.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
2. Introduction
• Water is essential to life and development of 3rd world
countries
• Access to clean water
• Also large portions of the world don’t have any form of
electrical power
3. El Salvador
• Located in Central America
• Population: 6.2 million
• 8000 square miles
• Borders 192 miles of the Pacific Ocean
• Mostly mountainous region
4. San Salvador
• Population: 525,990
• Main city is roughly 28 square miles
• Averages 8.3 hours of sunlight a day
• Average temperatures of 73.6° F
• Average wind speed
between 4 and 7 mph
5. History
• Colonized by Spain in early 16th century
• Gained independence in 1821
• 12 year civil war in 1970’s
• Hurricane Mitch in 1998
• Ruled for long time by dictators but now is a republic
6. Status of Power Grid
Infrastructure
• About 83% of population have access to electricity
• Plans in effect to add solar power to rural areas with little
to no access to network of electricity
• Hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods do most of the
damage to El Salvador
• During the 6 month rainy season many of the rural and
secondary roads are flooded with water
• Of the roughly 6000 miles of roads only about 1200
miles of the roadways are paved
7. Accessibility to Clean
Water
• In El Salvador, environmental laws and clean water acts
are not being enforced as heavily as they should be
• About 55% of the rural population have access to the
public water supply compared to 90% of the urban
population having access to the public water supply
• In rural areas many people have to walk and carry water
back to their houses
8. Shortage of Clean Water
• 90% of surface water is contaminated due to human and
industrial waste
• Each Year, El Salvador receives on average 6 feet of
rainfall
• Projects have occurred in past to bring clean drinking
water to cities but nothing covers the cost of
maintenance after it is completed
9. Access to Clean Water
• Clean water means the difference in everything
• In all underdeveloped countries, access to clean water is
a problem for large portions of the population, especially
in rural areas
• Dirty water leads to people getting sick and dying
• Polluted water causes more deaths to children than
diseases like malaria
10. Access cont.
• Societies revolve around gathering water from miles
away, that isn’t always clean
• This doesn’t leave much time for developing education
and other things important to developing them into a
modern country
• Countries without clean water are in need of help
11. Providing Clean Water
• Providing clean water to areas in need has become
important for cultures, societies, and religions
• There are always projects being done by different
churches and communities to supply clean water to
different parts of the world
12. Possible positive and negative impacts
of renewable-energy
• Utilizing waste materials
to produce energy as in
the case of biomass
reduces the impact that
their treatment or
disposal of would
otherwise have on the
environment
13. Pros and Cons cont.
• Potential for renewables in poverty reduction
• Safeguarding other energy reserves like oil and natural
gas
• The fight against climate change
• Provides energy security.
14. Pros and Cons cont.
• Wind turbines may have
a negative effect on wild
bird populations
• As well a visual impact
on the landscape.
• There is also the impact
on the land during
construction.
15. Pros and Cons cont.
• Hazardous gases and
minerals may come up
from underground, and
can be difficult to safely
dispose of in the case of
geothermal.
• Harnessing of tidal
energy can lead to
destruction coastal
features such coral reefs
which help sustain marine
life.
16. Pros and Cons cont.
• Can result in ignoring
indigenous energy
production without taking
into account the social
and cultural aspects of
the informal economy.
17. Pros and Cons cont.
• The cost of generating solar energy is much higher than
that of fossil fuels, although costs are decreasing.
• One of the negative aspects of geothermal energy
concerns geography and geology
• Micro grid or off-grid systems have less government
regulations and have the potential for being used
illegally
19. Instability
• Civil War in 1980’s
o 80,000 dead
• Poverty
• Drug Gangs
o Maaras
• Protests
o Water
o Elections
20. Needs and Specifications
Needs Specification
• Can power the pump
• Store energy when pump is not
in use
• Replacement parts not needed
often
• Pares are easy to make and
acquire
• The overall cost is kept to a
minimum
• Parts are accessible from
nearby locations
• Safe to operate
• 500 watts
• 48 mAh
• 6 months
• 3 days
• $10,000
• 250 miles
• Meets all safety Standards
21. Needs and specification
cont.
Need Specification
• Safe for the surrounding
people
• Lasts a long time before
parts need replaced
• Minimum training needed to
operate
• Small number of people
needed to operate the
pump
• Low emissions
• Minimum noise pollution
• Meets all safety standards
• 6 months
• 8 hours of training
• 1 person
• Less than 100 grams of CO2
per year
• 75 decibels
23. Power Design
• Includes
o Grundfos 15SQ180
o Cabin Off-grid DC kit 2
• Four 140 watt solar panels to produce a total 560 watts.
• 12 volt DC 400 AH battery included
o 1000 gallon plastic tank
• Total cost of $3,735.95
24.
25. References
• Pump: SQ07
• http://www.supremewatersales.com/grundfos-15sq07-180-
96160149-3-submersible-pump-15-gpm-3-4-hp-2-wire-230-
volt.htmlSQ 05
• Pump: SQ05
• http://www.supremewatersales.com/grundfos-10sq05-160-
96160167-3-submersible-pump-1-2-hp-2-wire-115-volt.html
• Pump: Wayne Deep Well
• http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200311417_200311
417
• _-40876
26. • Solar Panel: DC Kit 1
• http://www.wholesalesolar.com/solarpowersystems/cabin
-1-dc-off-grid-solar-kit.html
• Solar Panel: DC Kit 2
• http://www.wholesalesolar.com/solarpowersystems/cabin
-2-dc-off-grid-solar-kit.html
• Wind Turbine: Nature Power
• http://www.northerntool.com/shop/tools/product_200615
833_200615833?cm_mmc=Aggregates-_-Shopzilla-_-
Alternative + Renewable Energy>Wind Solutions-_-
40876