This document provides a personal recollection from a physicist named Ryugo Hayano about the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident in Japan and its aftermath. It describes the events of the accident, the radiation levels and health effects observed, the food safety testing and regulations put in place, and Hayano's role in communicating scientific information about radiation on Twitter to allay public fears in the years following the incident.
2015.12.12 Measure and Communicate - what worked and what didn't :測って、伝える。- で...Ryu Hayano
福島ダイアログイニシアティブ国際ワークショップ「原子力事故後の生活状況の回復」でのスライド
Slides presented at the "International Workshop on the Fukushima dialogue initiative "Rehabilitation of living conditions after the nuclear accident"
2015.12.12 Measure and Communicate - what worked and what didn't :測って、伝える。- で...Ryu Hayano
福島ダイアログイニシアティブ国際ワークショップ「原子力事故後の生活状況の回復」でのスライド
Slides presented at the "International Workshop on the Fukushima dialogue initiative "Rehabilitation of living conditions after the nuclear accident"
Doctor - Japan No is Longer Inhabitable!Hope Small
Just released from the Office of the Prime Minster of Japan and the U. S. NRC--"Ah. Just a minute. Let me check my notes on this. Well, first of all it is against the law for anyone in Japan to say anything the government finds annoying. I mean, we can't have inaccurate information being distributed." NRC--"Ah. Wait a minute. First of all unacceptable levels of radiation are what we say they are and we are not declaring Japan as of yet an uninhabitable zone. No, we won't go that far."
Wait, just in--"We here at the U.S. State Department feel that Japan is a valuable alley. We have been through so much together and in spite of the astonishing way Abe Shinzo, the Prime Minster, is failing to address in any serious manner the worst industrial accident ever to occur in the history of human civilization on earth, well, I have better things to do with my time like extending Iran's deadline for negotiating getting nukes (I mean we are going to let them get nukes. Whose can stop them?) and also I have a crisis in the Mid East--missiles from Iran smuggled to Hama and being fired into Israel every two to three minutes. And then there is that crisis in the Ukraine which is our fault in the first place but I won't tell anyone that. Its a state secret."
http://enenews.com/japan-doctor-tokyo-longer-be-inhabited-everyone-living-victim-fukushima-disaster-began-notice-childrens-blood-test-results-around-mid-2013-time-running-short-physicians-save-citizens-future-g
Given the March 2011 Japan earthquake, what kind of air pollution pr.pdffootstatus
Given the March 2011 Japan earthquake, what kind of air pollution problems has developed
from it? Has this incident changed your views on nuclear energy as a viable energy source to
help to reduce current air pollution problems? Explain.
Solution
On the 11th March 2011, a magnitude nine Richter earthquakes hit the northeast coast of Japan
and is followed tsunami caused massive and irremediable damage to the nuclear reactors of
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which caused releasing of harmful radiation elements and
substances into the environment. Since then, many experts, government officers, professionals in
related spheres and journalists from numerous countries had been talking about the impact and
results of these radiation leakages on environment and public health in Japan.
In this article, the author would like to focus on the next aspects, which on his opinion are most
urgent for present time: environment and industry, environment and agriculture, marine
environment and radiation expose, public health and radiation expose.
The disaster wrought devastation from Aomori prefecture in the north to Chiba prefecture in the
south, which located only about 35 km east of Tokyo. The results of earthquake and tsunami are
terrible:
The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) gave the highest level on seriousness of nuclear
accident on Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant “ level 7, the same as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster
in 1986
In Ibaraki prefecture, Kashima city, which serve as the home for the largest number of
petrochemical hard industrial complexes in Japan, also suffered from earthquake and tsunami
damage. There located Mitsubishi chemical plant “ one of the largest Japan’s chemicals
manufactures, Adeka company plant, Shin-Etsu chemical plant, Sumitomo metal plant, Asahi
glass plant and many others which produce chemicals and various types of materials used in
building construction.Due to catastrophic tsunami, they were wiped out a strip of coast
supporting construction and a wide range of industries capacity. For example, the Iwate
prefecture sea cost has many fishing communities, cement and plywood productions which were
affected by tsunami. The Miyage prefecture coastline had approximately 1,000 different
manufactures, one of them is refinery plant located in Sendai with 145,000 barrel oil capacity per
day. Marine products processing plants and rice farms in the Sendai area, which according to one
data, provide approximately 8% of Japan’s rice production, as well as Fukushima’s chemical
plants and fishery industries, have also been affected greatly.
Also, in the affected territories there located some capacity of companies, including famous
companies such as Canon, Fujitsu, Honda, Nissan, Panasonic, Sony and others. According to the
reports from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, harmful chemicals were leaked out to the
environment from these plants, includin.
Safecast Report2017: Part 2.1-Issues-at-Fukushima-Daiichi-finalSafecast
This is part 2.1 of the 2017 Safecast Report. It is a 66-page A4-size print-quality pdf that provides a detailed description of conditions at the damaged powerplant. Sections are devoted to the overall plans for decomissioning, the spent fuel pools, contaminated water issues, the search for melted fuel debris and plans for extracting it, and other issues of importance. It begins with an 8-page introduction that describes the available sources of information, official and otherwise, and their relative credibility.
Doctor - Japan No is Longer Inhabitable!Hope Small
Just released from the Office of the Prime Minster of Japan and the U. S. NRC--"Ah. Just a minute. Let me check my notes on this. Well, first of all it is against the law for anyone in Japan to say anything the government finds annoying. I mean, we can't have inaccurate information being distributed." NRC--"Ah. Wait a minute. First of all unacceptable levels of radiation are what we say they are and we are not declaring Japan as of yet an uninhabitable zone. No, we won't go that far."
Wait, just in--"We here at the U.S. State Department feel that Japan is a valuable alley. We have been through so much together and in spite of the astonishing way Abe Shinzo, the Prime Minster, is failing to address in any serious manner the worst industrial accident ever to occur in the history of human civilization on earth, well, I have better things to do with my time like extending Iran's deadline for negotiating getting nukes (I mean we are going to let them get nukes. Whose can stop them?) and also I have a crisis in the Mid East--missiles from Iran smuggled to Hama and being fired into Israel every two to three minutes. And then there is that crisis in the Ukraine which is our fault in the first place but I won't tell anyone that. Its a state secret."
http://enenews.com/japan-doctor-tokyo-longer-be-inhabited-everyone-living-victim-fukushima-disaster-began-notice-childrens-blood-test-results-around-mid-2013-time-running-short-physicians-save-citizens-future-g
Given the March 2011 Japan earthquake, what kind of air pollution pr.pdffootstatus
Given the March 2011 Japan earthquake, what kind of air pollution problems has developed
from it? Has this incident changed your views on nuclear energy as a viable energy source to
help to reduce current air pollution problems? Explain.
Solution
On the 11th March 2011, a magnitude nine Richter earthquakes hit the northeast coast of Japan
and is followed tsunami caused massive and irremediable damage to the nuclear reactors of
Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, which caused releasing of harmful radiation elements and
substances into the environment. Since then, many experts, government officers, professionals in
related spheres and journalists from numerous countries had been talking about the impact and
results of these radiation leakages on environment and public health in Japan.
In this article, the author would like to focus on the next aspects, which on his opinion are most
urgent for present time: environment and industry, environment and agriculture, marine
environment and radiation expose, public health and radiation expose.
The disaster wrought devastation from Aomori prefecture in the north to Chiba prefecture in the
south, which located only about 35 km east of Tokyo. The results of earthquake and tsunami are
terrible:
The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES) gave the highest level on seriousness of nuclear
accident on Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant “ level 7, the same as the Chernobyl nuclear disaster
in 1986
In Ibaraki prefecture, Kashima city, which serve as the home for the largest number of
petrochemical hard industrial complexes in Japan, also suffered from earthquake and tsunami
damage. There located Mitsubishi chemical plant “ one of the largest Japan’s chemicals
manufactures, Adeka company plant, Shin-Etsu chemical plant, Sumitomo metal plant, Asahi
glass plant and many others which produce chemicals and various types of materials used in
building construction.Due to catastrophic tsunami, they were wiped out a strip of coast
supporting construction and a wide range of industries capacity. For example, the Iwate
prefecture sea cost has many fishing communities, cement and plywood productions which were
affected by tsunami. The Miyage prefecture coastline had approximately 1,000 different
manufactures, one of them is refinery plant located in Sendai with 145,000 barrel oil capacity per
day. Marine products processing plants and rice farms in the Sendai area, which according to one
data, provide approximately 8% of Japan’s rice production, as well as Fukushima’s chemical
plants and fishery industries, have also been affected greatly.
Also, in the affected territories there located some capacity of companies, including famous
companies such as Canon, Fujitsu, Honda, Nissan, Panasonic, Sony and others. According to the
reports from the Japanese Ministry of the Environment, Ministry of Economy, Trade and
Industry, Fire and Disaster Management Agency, harmful chemicals were leaked out to the
environment from these plants, includin.
Safecast Report2017: Part 2.1-Issues-at-Fukushima-Daiichi-finalSafecast
This is part 2.1 of the 2017 Safecast Report. It is a 66-page A4-size print-quality pdf that provides a detailed description of conditions at the damaged powerplant. Sections are devoted to the overall plans for decomissioning, the spent fuel pools, contaminated water issues, the search for melted fuel debris and plans for extracting it, and other issues of importance. It begins with an 8-page introduction that describes the available sources of information, official and otherwise, and their relative credibility.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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1. Fukushima dopo il 2011
Ryugo Hayano, U. Tokyo & CERN
a personal recollection of an "antimatter" physicist
Sep 22, 2015, Fukushima FOOD SAFETY CONFERENCE
Tohoku Economic Federation
2. Today: September 22, 2015
1656 days = 4.53 years
since the earthquake & Fukushima Dai-ichi accident
3. Teach physics in Tokyo,
“antimatter” research at CERN since 1997
No past experience in Radiation
Protection
nor Risk Communication
(lung cancer survivor)
but
since 2011, worked on the radiation
protection of Fukushima peoplePhoto CERN
7. Areas where readings
were not obtained
Background image: Denshi Kokudo
Legend
Total accumulation of Cs-134 and Cs-
137
[Converted into the value as of
November 5]
Tokyo
100km
134Cs and
137Cs Bq/m2
250km
source: mext Japan
March 11, 2011 14:46 JST
←Fukushima
Dai-ichi
Earthquake
M9
8. External power line destroyed by earthquake
but diesel generators turned on
40 minutes later …
Tsunami flooded diesel generators
→ total station blackout
Supposed height
+5.7m
Acutual height
+14m
Altitude of site
10m (Unit 1-4)
13m (unit 5-6)
Sea
water pump
Turbine building
D/G, P/C
Reactor building
Normal
sea level
Wave block fence
9. No electricity, no cooling,
core temperature >2500 ℃
Fuel rods melted down
→ release of radioactive substances
ectric power of Emergency Diesel Generators (D/G) and power supply of Power Center (P/C) compared to the
14 m height. Taken after modification from the original figure provided by TEPCO.
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1000
800
600
400
200
0
3/11 3/12 3/13 3/14 3/15 3/16 3/17 3/18
1 3 2
1
2
3
Date in 2011
10. Evacuation order
3km - March 11 21:23
10km - March 12 5:44
20km - March 12 18:25
(~100,000 people)
←20 km
after ~4.5 years, most of
the people are still unable
to return, even though the
radiation levels in some
areas have become low
12. In Fukushima, 134,137Cs need to be monitored
(but not 90Sr, nor Pu)
107 104 10
Cs Sr Pu
Bq/m2
Maximum
contamination
(soil)
13. Concerns -
effect of low-dose exposures to the population
External exposure
134,137Cs
Internal exposure
134,137Cs
14. Fukushima Dai-ichi, serious accident
However,
No death due to ACUTE radiation effects
DISCERNIBLE long-term health effects
(e.g., cancer increase, incl. thyroid) unlikely
source - WHO, UNSCEAR, IAEA
Fukushima food, tested & safety confirmed
Important take-home messages
20. s science stars, the sequel | Science/AAAS | News
European Space Agency
20. Steven Pinker, Cognitive scientist
145,000 followers @sapinker (http://twitter.com/@sapinker)
Citations: 49,933 K-index: 105
Total number of tweets: 1,674
Harvard University, United States
21. Richard Wiseman, Psychologist
135,000 followers @RichardWiseman (http://twitter.com/@RichardWiseman)
Citations: 4,687 K-index: 209
Total number of tweets: 22,600
University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
22. Ryugo Hayano, Nuclear physicist
124,000 followers @hayano (http://twitter.com/@hayano)
Citations: 956 K-index: 319
Total number of tweets: 56,500
University of Tokyo, Japan
23. Toshiyuki Masui, Computer scientist
122,000 followers @masui (http://twitter.com/@masui)
…
…
25. social media connect people
‣ medical doctors in Fukushima
‣ ICRP & other experts
‣ TV and newspaper reporters
‣ school teachers/students
‣ government officials/offices
I got connected to
(in most cases, they found me)
28. Average dose of Japanese (before the accident)
6 mSv/y (2.1 without medical)
0.48
0.3
6 0.33
2.09
0 980.98
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
mSv/y
0.48
0.3
26 0.33
2.09
0 980.98
Medical
Internal
External
soil
cosmic
inhalation
food K-40 : 0.2 mSv
The goal is to limit the EXCESS public dose to 1 mSv/y
29. K-40 - about 4,000 Bq in adults’ body
→ ~0.2 mSv/year
⇤
40
18Ar
0+
40
19K
Q⇤ 1311.09
4– 1.277⌅109 y
⇤
89.28%
QEC1504.9
EC
10.72%
40
20Ca
0+
Half life, 1.3 billion years!
40
18Ar
00+
1460.8592+
11
1460.830
E2
stable
1.12 ps
40
19K ⇥
0.048% 21.03
10.67% 11.61
4– 0
1.277 109 y
QEC=1504.9
10.72%
γ ray
β ray
137
55 Cs 137
56 Ba
β
γ
β
γ
30. 8
Fukushima c.
Pop. 290k
Koriyama c.
Pop. 340k
137Cs deposition
Bq/m2
(2011/11/5)
Chernobyl studies,
i.e., soil→food→people
infer:
average internal dose of
e.g., Fukushima city
residents ~ 5 mSv/y
(initial estimate)
20km
30km
32. Internal radiocesium contamination of adults and children in Fukushima
7 to 20 months after the Fukushima NPP accident as measured by
extensive whole-body-counter surveys
By Ryugo S. HAYANO,*1,†
Masaharu TSUBOKURA,*2
Makoto MIYAZAKI,*3
Hideo SATOU,*4
Katsumi SATO,*4
Shin MASAKI*4
and Yu SAKUMA*4
(Communicated by Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI, M.J.A.)
Abstract: The Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP accident contaminated the soil of densely-
populated regions in Fukushima Prefecture with radioactive cesium, which poses significant risks
of internal and external exposure to the residents. If we apply the knowledge of post-Chernobyl
accident studies, internal exposures in excess of a few mSv/y would be expected to be frequent in
Fukushima.
Extensive whole-body-counter surveys (n F 32,811) carried out at the Hirata Central Hospital
between October, 2011 and November, 2012, however show that the internal exposure levels of
residents are much lower than estimated. In particular, the first sampling-bias-free assessment of the
internal exposure of children in the town of Miharu, Fukushima, shows that the 137
Cs body burdens
of all children (n F 1,383, ages 6–15, covering 95% of children enrolled in town-operated schools)
were below the detection limit of 300 Bq/body in the fall of 2012. These results are not conclusive for
the prefecture as a whole, but are consistent with results obtained from other municipalities in the
prefecture, and with prefectural data.
Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B 89 (2013)No. 4] 157
My first “medical” paper
‣ Internal exposure of Fukushima people surprisingly low
- i.e., food contamination is negligible
- children 100% (adult 99%) below detection limit already in 2012
- much lower than in 1960s (global fallout)
- supported by other recent studies
33. 137Cs in Japanese adult male in 1964
←1964 ∼10Bq/kg (no health effect)
99% of Fukushima people
below this level already in 2012
was much higher than in Fukushima NOW
34. Why so low?
1. measurement & restriction
2. countermeasures
35. >10,000,000 rice bags (30 kg each) measured every year
71 exceeded the 100 Bq/kg limit in 2012
28 in 2013
2 in 2014
this is how the rice bags are measured
39. French students came to Fukushima last month
with “D-shuttle” (personal dosimeter)
40. Jul 31 Aug 01 Aug 02 Aug 03 Aug 04 Aug 05 Aug 06 Aug 07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Dose (incl. natural sources) µSv/h
← Fukushima →← Paris → ← Tokyo→
←Iwaki(50km)
←Tomioka(10km!)
CDG
security→
French embassy
security→
D-shuttle data, 8 students, 4 teachers&experts
41.
42. Jul 31 Aug 01 Aug 02 Aug 03 Aug 04 Aug 05 Aug 06 Aug 07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
← Fukushima →← Paris → ← Tokyo→ ←Miyakojiin20-kmzone
Dose (incl. natural sources) µSv/h
D-shuttle data, 8 students, 4 teachers&experts
43.
44. Jul 31 Aug 01 Aug 02 Aug 03 Aug 04 Aug 05 Aug 06 Aug 07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
← Fukushima →← Paris → ← Tokyo→
←Aizu(100km)
←Kunimi(60km)
Dose (incl. natural sources) µSv/h
D-shuttle data, 8 students, 4 teachers&experts
45.
46. Jul 31 Aug 01 Aug 02 Aug 03 Aug 04 Aug 05 Aug 06 Aug 07
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
← Fukushima →← Paris → ← Tokyo→
Not much difference
D-shuttle data, 8 students, 4 teachers&experts
Dose (incl. natural sources) µSv/h
48. Whole-body counter surveys of over 2700
babies and small children in and around
Fukushima Prefecture 33 to 49 months after
the Fukushima Daiichi NPP accident
Hayano et al., paper to be published in Proc. Japan Acad. B next month
> 2700 babies scanned last year
51. ����������� �= ���� �=��%
avoid tap Water
avoid Fukushima
rice
avoid Fukushima
vegetables
������� �= ���� �=�%
←makes no difference
in the internal exposure→
Differences in risk perception in Minamisoma vs Miharu
57%
4%
~ 25 km ~ 50 km
illustrating the psycho-social aspect of the situation
53. Percentage of fish off the coast of Fukushima Dai-ichi (fishing
and marketing restricted) which exceeded the 100 Bq/kg
criteria. Now 0.0%
Fisheries agency (now showing graphs)
59. Despite soil contamination,
the internal exposure of Fukushima
people is negligibly low
Fukushima food safety
60. BUT
Parents with small children are much
concerned about internal exposure
- necessity of the BABYSCAN
Radiation is NOT the only problem -
psycho-social aspects are VERY important
61. Fukushima Dai-ichi, serious accident
However,
No death due to ACUTE radiation effects
DISCERNIBLE long-term health effects
(e.g., cancer increase, incl. thyroid) unlikely
source - WHO, UNSCEAR, IAEA
Fukushima food, tested & safety confirmed
Take-home messages again