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Special Project
Collection
ALSTOM POWER
Brown BoverI Strasse 7
CH-5410 Baden
SWITZERLAND
www.power.alstom.com
Fujairah F2 IWPP

Fujairah F2, a combined-cycle power and desalination plant under construction in the United Arab Emirates
(UAE), is the seventh and largest independent water and power project (IWPP) to be commissioned by
the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA) since the Emirate reorganized its power and water
sectors in 1998.
Fujairah F2 IWPP:
A jewel in the desert
T
he project is being built in the Emirate of Fujairah, the most easterly of
the Emirates in the UAE, adjacent to the site of an earlier power and
water plant. A consortium comprising ADWEA, International Power
and Marubeni Corporation have formed a new project company – the
Fujairah Asia Power Company (FAPCO) to develop, own and operate
the plant. This company has awarded the engineering, procurement and
construction (EPC) contract for Fujairah F2 to a consortium of Alstom and
Sidem.
When completed (expected in 2010) the new IWPP will have a net
generating capacity of 2000 MW of power and 130 MIGD (million
imperial gallons/day, equivalent to approximately 600 000 m3/day) of
potable water.
The deal to build the plant followed a competitive tendering process
under which bids were solicited by ADWEA in April 2007. The winning
consortium signed a power and water purchase agreement in July 2007.
Shortly after this, the EPC contract was signed between the developers and
the Alstom-Sidem consortium.
The new plant will supply both to the Northern Emirates and to Abu Dhabi
itself. ADWEA has recently signed a memorandum to supply power to the
Northern Emirates. The project is also part of an expansion in capacity by
ADWEA to meet the projected increase in demand in Abu Dhabi also as a
consequence of an investment boom that has resulted in a series of mega
projects being planned or under construction.
Special Project Report
Fujairah F2 IWPP is currently under construction at Qidfa on the Indian Ocean coast of the emirate of Fujairah

Project background
The economy of the UAE is founded primarily on oil and gas, though diver-
sification has begun in order to try to reduce the reliance on fossil fuel sales.
Abu Dhabi is the richest oil emirate in the UAE, followed by Dubai.
Demand for both electricity and water has grown rapidly in the Emirate
of Abu Dhabi over the last ten years. In 1998, when the sectors were
reorganized with the creation of ADWEA, installed generating capacity
was 3,343 MW. This has risen steadily so that by 2007 the total installed
capacity was 8,367 MW. This rise in generating capacity has been
accompanied by a switch from state-owned to IWPP-based production, with
both the construction of new projects and the shifting of existing projects into
private sector ownership. As a consequence around 8,000 MW of the total
generating capacity at the end of 2007 was provided by IWPP projects.
Desalination capacity has risen similarly over the same period. In 1998,
total dependable desalination capacity was 212.4 MIGD. By the end of
2007 this had risen to 629.2 MIGD.
The Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Co (ADWEC), a wholly-owned
subsidiary of ADWEA, which purchases all the power from IWPP projects
and is the single seller of water and power in Abu Dhabi, has identified
more than $172 billion in investment in what have been designated ‘mega’
projects in Abu Dhabi, which will have to be supplied with power and
water. This represents more than twice the gross domestic product (GDP) of
Abu Dhabi in 2005.
Peak demand is likely to lag these developer predictions but even so,
according to the most likely scenario developed by ADWEC, the peak
demand from these new projects will exceed 2,000 MW by 2010, reach
around 3,300 MW by 2012 and be 4,525 MW by 2014.
“Fujairah F2 is the seventh and largest indepen-
dent water and power project to be commissioned
by the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority“
Project Structure and Tender Process
It is against this background that ADWEA has begun a rapid expansion of
generating capacity. The actual site for the project is Qidfa on the Indian
Ocean coast of the emirate of Fujairah. The site is 20 km north of the city
of Fujairah and around 120 km from Dubai.
In June 2007 ADWEA chose the consortium of International Power and
Marubeni as the first-ranked bidder, and this consortium then negotiated
Fujairah F2, which is on schedule to be completed in 2010, will be the largest power and water cogeneration plant in the UAE

a deal with the authority that was concluded on 1 August 2007 with the
signing of a 20-year power and water purchase agreement (PWPA) with
ADWEC.
Following the signing of the PWPA, the consortium and ADWEA set up a
new company to own and operate the Fujairah 2 power plant. The company,
called the Fujairah Asia Power Company (FAPCO), has an ownership
structure under which 60 per cent of the shares are controlled by ADWEA,
20 per cent by International Power and 20 per cent by Marubeni.
The bid from International Power and Marubeni involved an EPC
consortium of Alstom, which is responsible for the power generation section
of the new plant, and Sidem, which will handle the desalination section
of the plant. Sidem, a subsidiary of Veolia Water, will supply one part of
the desalination plant while another subsidiary of Veolia Water, OTV will
be responsible for the second part, which depends on a Reverse Osmosis
desalination technology.
In addition to the EPC contract, FAPCO has awarded two additional
contracts associated with the project. Alstom has signed a 16-year contract
to maintain the gas turbines at the plant, while Veolia Water has signed a
contract associated with the maintenance of the Reverse Osmosis portion
of the desalination section of the plant. International Power and Marubeni
will be responsible for the overall operation and maintenance of the project
under a 50:50 joint venture.
Financial closure took place towards the end of 2007. The greater part
of the funding secured for Fujairah will be shared by the EPC contractors
who will together account for US$2.17 billion or approximately 80 per cent
of the total. Alstom’s share of the contract is worth US$1.36 billion. This is
equivalent to a unit cost of US$668/kW for the power generation portion
of the project. Meanwhile, Sidem’s share of the EPC contract is estimated
to be worth a further US$750 million. From Alstom’s perspective this is an
extremely important project. It is the first project involving the use of its GT26
turbine in the Middle East, and its first IWPP contract in the region too.
In addition to electrical and mechanical, portions of the works, part of the
civil works at Fujairah F2 include marine works. A consortium comprising
Lebanon’s Arabian Construction Company and Hong Kong’s Leader Marine
Contracting will carry out this work. The marine contract is worth $54
million.
Project Design
A project of the size and complexity of Fujairah F2 requires careful design
if it is to meet its goals. The UAE has a large demand for potable water,
a demand that does not vary substantially with the seasons. In contrast
peak power demand does depend on the season. During the summer the
demand for power is high as a result of high air-conditioning loads. This
falls during the winter months as local temperatures fall. As a result of this
demand profile the new plant at Fujairah must be able to supply a relatively
constant output of potable water while the power output varies from the
maximum of 2000 MW to around 900 MW during the winter months.
In order to optimize the performance of the plant, EPC contractor Alstom
took advantage of what it calls its ‘Plant Integrator’ approach to design.
With gas turbines, turbogenerators, steam turbines, condensers and heat
recovery steam generators for the plant all manufactured within the Alstom
group, the company was in a position to choose the best combination of
components and to optimize the total design to suit the demands of the
customer, in this instance FAPCO.
Flexibility in the plant design is achieved in several ways. Basic gas
turbine combined-cycle plant performance can be adjusted by using gas
turbine inlet air cooling, a strategy that increases power when the ambient
temperature is high as in the Gulf, or with the injection of water into the
gas turbine compressor inlet air which also increases power. Various heat
recovery steam generator options are available by Alstom including drum or
once through designs; in the case of a desalination plant a duct-fired boiler
may prove the optimum choice. Steam turbine and condenser design can
also be chosen to give optimum performance under specified conditions.
In the case of Fujairah F2, the overall design must also take into
consideration the desalination part of the project. At Fujairah, the desalination
plant is made up of two sections, one based on Multiple Effect Distillation
(MED) and the other on Reverse Osmosis (RO). The largest of these, the
MED section, takes steam from the combined-cycle power plant to generate
potable water. The smaller section based on RO is driven not by steam but
by power. This combination allows for the optimization of steam and power
output from the combined-cycle power plant in order to provide constant
water production as power demand varies with the seasons.
Optimization is a cyclical process in which each optimized design is
Fujairh F2 will have a net generating capacity of 2000 MW of power and 130 MIGD of potable water

further refined until the solution that best matches the customer’s demands,
both from a cost and performance perspective, is achieved. In the specific
case of an IWPP plant such as Fujairah 2, Alstom’s iterative methodology
includes optimization based on the following parameters (among others)
taking into account the yearly water/power demand profile:
• Baseline desalination plant performance
• A balance of condensing steam turbines with extractions and back
pressure steam turbines
• Selection of pressure levels for steam extractions from steam turbines for
use in the desalination plant
• Operational pressures within the heat recovery steam generator
• Proportion of supplementary firing within the heat recovery steam
generator
• Ratio of water production from MED versus RO
In addition to these technical parameters, the value of the products, water
and electricity, must be taken into account and balanced to provide the best
return on investment.
“From Alstom’s perspective this is an important
project. It is the first project involving the use of
its GT26 turbine in the Middle East, and its
first IWPP contract in the region”
Fujairah F2 Layout
In order to provide both the power output and the flexibility required by
ADWEA, the design chosen for the Fujairah 2 power plant involves three
gas turbine combined-cycle blocks incorporating five gas turbines and three
steam turbines, a 100 MIGD multiple effect distillation desalination plant
based on twelve 8.3 MIGD MED units and a 30 MIGD reverse osmosis
desalination section. This configuration was found to offer the optimum in
terms of both flexibility and economy.
The three combined-cycle blocks are not identical. Two are multi-shaft
blocks based on Alstom’s KA26-2 combined-cycle units while the third is
a KA26-1 multi-shaft block. The KA26-1 comprises a GT26, 50Hz gas
turbine that is connected directly to an air-cooled TOPAIR turbogenerator.
A single casing STF15C backpressure steam turbine drives another TOPAIR
turbogenerator.
The other two combined-cycle blocks are based on KA26-2 multi-shaft
configurations. In this case, each block has two GT26 gas turbines, each
mounted on a single shaft with an air-cooled TOPAIR turbogenerator. The
exhaust from these pairs of gas turbines is used to raise steam to drive a
single, three-casing STF30C condensing steam turbine, which has its own
hydrogen-cooled TOPGAS turbogenerator.
All the gas turbines are provided with inlet air-cooling to raise power
under the high ambient temperature conditions frequently found at Fujairah.
Each gas turbine also has its own heat recovery steam generator, which is
fitted with a duct firing to improve flexibility by allowing additional steam to
be raised within the steam generator when required.
The twelve MED units of the first section of the desalination plant are
driven using steam extracted from the two condensing steam turbines and
from the exhaust of the backpressure steam turbine. This provides constant
Gas Turbines and generators arrived onsite in January 2009

output from the MED units over the year.
The second section of the desalination plant is based on reverse osmosis. This is driven by power rather
than steam and so can be operated independent of steam output. The RO section can therefore be used
during the winter to maintain water output when power demand is low but its use can be reduced during
the summer when the high voltage grid is requesting the maximum power production
The distributed control system (DCS) used to operate and control Fujairah 2 is based on Alstom’s ALSPA
technology. This system will be used to control both the power plant and the desalination plant. Control
will be divided into 5 sections, one for each power block (therefore 3), one for the MED plant and one for
the RO plant. This will allow the overall plant to be consistently operated and controlled through the same
ALSPA control philosophy.
Grid connection is via a gas-insulated switchgear substation that is already at the site. This was installed
by the Abu Dhabi grid company, Transco, a wholly owned subsidiary of ADWEA, to provide connection
for the Fujairah F1 power plant already at the site. The latter will have a net generating capacity of 760
MW and water output of 100 MIGD when the current extension is completed in 2009.
This substation links into a 400 kV network that is part of the Abu Dhabi grid system and the Emirates
National Grid. However additional 400 kV links are being built between Fujairah and Sweihan in Abu
Dhabi, and to Ras Al Khaimah and Sharjah in order to transmit the additional power from the new plant
to the load centres.
Gas Turbine
The prime movers for the three combined-cycle blocks at Fujairah F2 are five of Alstom’s GT26 gas
turbines. At Fujairah F2, these will be capable of dual fuel operation, burning natural gas, with the
capability of operating on liquid fuel if the gas supply is interrupted.
The GT26, and its 60Hz variant the GT24, are the latest of Alstom’s large gas turbines. The GT26
has a rated output in open cycle application of 288.3 MW and an efficiency of 38.3 per cent. The
unit, however, is designed and optimized for combined-cycle use. A KA26 combined cycle block can
achieve efficiencies approaching 60 per cent. The performance data for both the KA26-1 single-shaft
configuration and the KA26-2 multi-shaft configuration are shown in Table 1 for the reference plant design
at ISO condition.
The design of the GT26 incorporates a 22-stage subsonic compressor that takes inlet air and compresses
it before introducing it into the unit’s combustor. In the case of the Fujairah plant the inlet air is first cooled
in order to gain additional gas turbine power. The combustion system in the GT26 is divided into two,
sequential stages; a strategy, which Alstom claims, allows it to achieve high efficiency without having to
resort to extreme high temperatures. This, in turn, helps control NOx emissions not only at full but also at
part load and provides a unique operational flexibility.
The first combustor is an annular combustor with 24 retractable burners (this is designated the EV
combustor by Alstom, which stands for EnVironmental). Fuel and compressor air are premixed before
entering the EV burners where combustion of the mixture takes place. The hot exhaust gases then pass
through a single stage, high-pressure turbine before entering the second (sequential EV or SEV) combustor.
As with the first, this is an annular combustor with 24 burners. The injected fuel ignites spontaneously when
it mixes with the hot exhaust gases from the first combustor. Exhaust from the second combustor then enters
the four-stage low-pressure turbine.
Alstom’s gas turbine design with the sequential combustion system allows the temperature of gases exiting
the first combustor to remain nearly constant from between about10 per cent up to 100 per cent gas turbine
load, and the temperature of the gases exiting the second combustor stays nearly constant from 25 per
cent up to 100 per cent gas turbine load. This constant gas turbine exhaust temperature over a wide load
range results in good part load combined-cycle performance. Alstom claims a relative efficiency of 87.5
per cent of the full load efficiency at 40 per cent load combined cycle load.
The constant combustion and exhaust gas temperature profiles over a wide range of gas turbine operating
conditions also makes it easier to optimize NOx emission performance. Measurements on a GT26 at a
test power plant in Birr, Switzerland, in 2005 showed that these were well below 25 vppm between 100
per cent and 40 per cent load.
The GT24/GT26 turbines have proved popular for combined-cycle applications, and at the time of the
announcement of the Fujairah F2 order there were 85 operating around the world. Over a third of these
were in the USA and there were significant numbers in both Spain and the UK.

HRSG’s, Steam Turbines and Turbogenerators
The five gas turbines at the Fujairah F2 will each be equipped with its own
heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). All five boilers will be identical and
are supplied by Alstom. Each is fitted with duct firing, which will be used to
supplement the steam output when electrical load is reduced during the win-
ter in order to supply sufficient energy to drive the MED desalination units.
Two different steam turbines will be utilized at Fujairah F2. The two KA26-
2 multi-axis combined-cycle blocks will be equipped with STF30C three
casing floor mounted condensing steam turbines. The KA26-1 multi-shaft,
in contrast, will be fitted with a STF15C single casing backpressure steam
turbine, again floor mounted. Both are designed specifically for combined-
cycle operation.
The STF15C will provide up to around 150 MW of power at Fujairah
F2. The backpressure steam turbine provides exhaust steam for the MED
desalination units. Meanwhile the two STF30C condensing steam turbines
will each provide up to 370 MW depending on the unit load. These two
turbines will be provided with steam extraction points from which steam
can be taken to drive the MED desalination units. As with all the company’s
steam turbines, the units for Fujairah have welded rotors, separate high
pressure and intermediate pressure casings, and single bearing supports
between turbine casings.
As with the steam turbines, two different types of generators are also
being used at Fujairah F2. The five gas turbines and the backpressure steam
turbine are each equipped with one of Alstom’s TOPAIR turbogenerators,
which is directly coupled to the gas turbine on the same shaft. The TOPAIR
turbogenerator is a totally enclosed, water-to-air cooled generator.
The other turbogenerators at Fujairah F2 are based on Alstom’s hydrogen
cooled TOPGAS design. This uses a hydrogen-to-water cooling system,
enabling larger power handling.
Desalination
Desalination at Fujairah F2 will be performed using two different tech-
nologies, multiple-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO). The
first is a thermally driven distillation process, which utilizes steam from the
combined-cycle plant while the second is electrically driven. The combina-
tion of the two different technologies provides the most economical solution
in order to allow the potable water output to be maintained as the power
output varies with the seasons.
MED is carried out in a cascaded series of cells called ‘effects’. Each cell
contains horizontal bundles of tubes into which steam is introduced while
cold seawater is sprayed over the tubes from the top of the cell. Steam from
the combined-cycle plant is fed into these horizontal tube bundles in the first
cell. This steam causes evaporation of water from the seawater and at the
same time condensing the steam within the tubes in the cell to produce pure
distillate. The water produced from the condensation of steam within the
tube bundles is collected, as is the brine that emerges from the bottom of the
cell. Meanwhile the steam generated within this first cell is fed into horizontal
tube bundles in a second cell where the whole process is repeated, but with
slightly cooler steam and with the pressure within the cell maintained at a
lower level than in the first.
By repeating this in a series of cells or ‘effects’, most of the heat energy
Table 1: KA26 combined-cycle performance data
Single-Shaft KA26-1 Multi-shaft KA26-2
Fuel Natural gas Natural gas
Frequency 50 Hz 50 Hz
Net electrical output 424 MW 850.3 MW
Net electrical efficiency 58.3 per cent 58.5 per cent
Net heat rate 6173 kJ/kWh 6156 kJ/kWh
NOx emissions 25 vppm 25 vppm
(corrected to 15 per cent O2
, dry)
Note: Assumptions made – Ambient temperature = 15 °C, RH = 60 per
cent/Sea level/Fuel: Methane/45 mbar Condenser pressure, Output at
step-up transformer high voltage terminals
The Fujairah F2 project has a tight schedule, with all three plant groups due to be commissioned in 2010

Special Project ReportSpecial Project ReportSpecial Project Report
contained in the steam from the power plant can be exploited to evaporate
water from seawater to provide distillate, leading to a highly efficient
process. Steam from the last cell in the series is condensed using a seawater-
cooled condenser.
To enhance the flexibility of the desalination operation further and allow
optimum output when power demand is low, the new plant at Fujairah will
also be equipped with a 30 MIGD RO unit. This is also the responsibility of
Sidem, and will be supplied by its sister company, OTV.
Osmosis is a natural process whereby water (or other solvents) migrate
across a membrane in order to equalize solution concentrations either side
of the membrane. If, as in this case, one side of the membrane is pure
water while the other side is brine, water will try to cross from the pure
water to the brine since this is the more concentrated solution. If, however,
the concentrated solution, the brine or seawater, is put under pressure then
the natural process is reversed and water travels from the brine across to
membrane to the pure waterside. Thus by this process of ‘reverse osmosis’
drinking water can be produced from seawater.
Since RO requires power, it is relatively more expensive to operate than
MED. However it offers a good method of supplementing water output in
the winter when power demand is low, since power generated from the
combined-cycle plant can be diverted from the grid to the RO unit.
Project Timeline
Following the conclusion of an agreement between ADWEA, International
Power and Marubeni in July 2007 and the finalization of the EPC contract,
project closure took place in late 2007 and notice to proceed was issued
on 18th December 2007. Meanwhile work started at the site on 1st No-
vember 2007.
The civil contractor for the project was mobilized at the end of January
2008. Electrical and mechanical contract mobilization is expected to occur
in January 2009. This represents a tight schedule since it allows little more
than a year until the first plant group is due to be commissioned in the first
half of 2010. The commissioning of the second and third plant groups is
due in 2010.
Allied to the IWPP project itself are three transmission schemes. The first
involves construction of a new 240 km gas pipeline from Taweelah in the
Emirate of Abu Dhabi to Fujairah to supply the plant with natural gas. The
gas supplier, Dolphin Energy is developing the project and awarded the
contract to design and build the pipeline to Stroytransgaz of Russia. Work
began at the beginning of 2008 and is due to be completed during the
third quarter of 2010.
With the development of the Fujairah F2 project, the transmission facilities
for power and water are being upgraded to extend the region’s gas, power
and water network infrastructures.
Fujairah 2: A welcome capacity addition
When it is completed, Fujairah 2 will be the largest power and desalina-
tion plant in the UAE. With a potential output of 2000 MW of power and
130 MIGD of potable water it will provide an important boost to capacity,
particularly in the northern emirates where Fujairah is situated.
This boost is timed to coincide with an expected sharp rise in demand
as a result of a building boom in Abu Dhabi. How this will develop in the
light of the economic crisis of 2008 remains to be seen but it appears likely
that the region will still demonstrate strong growth over the medium term,
in which case the additional capacity provided by Fujairah 2 will play an
important role in maintaining that growth.
Simplified flow diagram of one power line (Fujairah F2 Unit 1 3)

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