Its helpful to student.

3. Toxin
Toxoid
Poisons Venom
Definition
Toxins are organic in nature mainly
produced by microorganisms.
Toxiod are mainly Toxins , which bears no pathogenecity by
immunogenicity . It need for Vaccination also.
Example : Tetanus Toxiod as TT Vaccine
enom are the substances injected
by one species into another.
Example: Bee Venom
oisons are the chemicals
that can injure or impair
body functions.
EXAMPLE :BOTULINUM TOXIN

4. Classification
Cyanotoxins , produced by Cyanobacteria
Necrotoxins cause necrosis Eg. Narcotic Drugs
Myotoxins are small, basic peptides found
in snake and lizard venoms
Neurotoxins affects on neurons leads to paralysis finally
Cytotoxins are toxic at the level of individual cells
Eg. Ricin, from castor beans Apitoxin, from honey bees

5. Botulinum toxin (Botox)
Harmful Action:
Muscular Paralysis
Causative Agent:
Clostridium botulinum
(Bacterium)
Benefial Action:
BOTOX the purified processed Botulinum
toxin used for Anti-Aging Agent .
Canned Food is main source of
Clostridium botulinum
Tetanus toxin and tetrodotoxin
Harmful Action:
Affect on central nervous system .
Spasms . Rigidity of the voluntary
muscles
Causative Agent:
Clostridium tetani
(Bacterium)
Benefial Action:
Its toxoid used for Vaccination

6. Colored transmission
electron micrograph of the
Gram-positive anaerobic
bacteria,
Clostridium botulinum
The classic symptoms of botulism include double
vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred
speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle
weakness. Infants with botulism appear lethargic, feed
poorly, are constipated, and have a weak cry and poor
muscle tone.

7. Sources  Infants: Honey, home-canned vegetables and fruits, corn syrup
 Children and adults: Home-canned foods with a low acid content,
improperly canned commercial foods, home-canned or fermented fish,
herb-infused oils, baked potatoes in aluminum foil, cheese sauce,
bottled garlic, foods held warm for extended periods of time
Incubation Period  Infants: 3-30 days
 Children and adults: 12-72 hours
Symptoms  Infants: Lethargy, weakness, poor feeding, constipation, poor head control,
poor gag and sucking reflex
 Children and adults: Double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred
speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth and muscle weakness
Duration of
Illness
Variable
Necessary Action
Taken Immediately
Botulism is a medical emergency. If you have symptoms of botulism, contact your
doctor immediately.
Prevention  Be very careful when canning foods at home
 Do not let babies eat honey
 Get prompt medical care for infected wounds

8. Message Transferring blockage Flow Diagramed
Nearest Nerve
Nearest Nerve
Synaptic End
Signal
No Signal Transmitting
Acetyl Colin
Acetyl Colin Blocking
Botulinum Toxin
No instruction
to Nearest
Cell
Paralysis
of Cell

9. Beneficial Affect of Botulinum Toxin (Botox)
Prevent Apoptosis (Programme Cell Death)
Cosmetic Value
( Anti Ageing Agent like Ponds Age Miracle )

10. A 14-year-old with botulism. Note the
weakness of his eye muscles and
the drooping eyelids in the image to the
left, and the large and non moving
pupils in the right image. This youth
was fully conscious.