The document outlines the Trade Policy of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). Key points include:
- The Trade Policy aims to promote export-led economic growth through private sector development and foreign investment in priority sectors like agriculture, fisheries and tourism.
- FSM's economy is currently import-dependent and aid-reliant, with weak economic performance in recent decades. Exports are low relative to imports.
- The Trade Policy seeks to consolidate existing export markets and identify new ones, including in nearby countries and FSM's key trading partners like the US.
- FSM participates in various regional trade agreements and is negotiating additional access to markets like the EU and Asia to boost exports and investment.
APEC Advancing Free Trade for Asia-pacific ProsperityRounak Bhatt
this presentation is all about APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation). This is for study purpose. how it works?, what its structure? who are members? and all such questions will get answered here...
This document outlines the roles and means of participation of various stakeholders in Zambia's trade policy formulation process. It discusses national level stakeholders like various ministries and private sector groups, regional stakeholders like SADC and COMESA, multilateral organizations like the WTO, and bilateral partners like the European Commission. It notes that while stakeholder participation has increased, it could still be improved through greater political will, more informed contributions from stakeholders, better coordination, and ensuring preferential access is equitably distributed to maintain private sector engagement.
The document discusses Zambia's trade policy and consultative process. It provides background on Zambia's economy and trade, noting its dependence on copper exports. It then outlines Zambia's trade policy process, key government institutions involved, and mechanisms for stakeholder consultation. While consultation has improved, involvement of the informal sector and rural communities remains limited.
The document discusses the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, which aims to liberalize trade between 12 Pacific Rim nations. It faces protests over negotiation secrecy and potential impacts of intellectual property rules on drug costs. The TPP could increase members' economic size by opening new markets but also risks losing trade advantages if any country withdraws. Malaysia's position balances domestic stakeholders' mixed views and seeks exemptions, while ensuring any deal benefits the country.
The document summarizes the process of developing Uganda's National Trade Policy. It describes how a consultant was hired to write a background document examining existing trade policies and stakeholder views. A drafting team then developed a draft policy which underwent stakeholder consultations and revisions. The final policy aims to use trade to reduce poverty and supports private sector competitiveness and productive sectors domestically and internationally. It analyzes Uganda's trade situation and barriers and emphasizes trade linkages and complementarities with other policies.
This book examines India's bilateral and regional economic cooperation. It discusses India's cautious approach to regional cooperation prior to 1991 economic reforms and its current engagement with trading partners through regional trade agreements. A key policy was the 1991 "Look East" policy focusing cooperation with East Asian countries. The book also explores India's involvement in various regional organizations like ASEAN, SAARC, and APEC. It analyzes India's economic relations with major partners like China, Australia, and Singapore. Other topics covered include India's regional trade agreements, its role in the WTO and globalization. The book provides a timely analysis of India's economic and trade relations with countries around the world.
The G20 leaders committed to boosting global economic growth and job creation. They agreed to implement structural reforms and appropriate macroeconomic policies to support growth. Their goal is to increase global GDP by 2% by 2018 through national growth strategies that will be monitored. Areas of focus include increasing investment, trade, competition, employment opportunities for women and youth, and supporting development in low-income countries.
APEC Advancing Free Trade for Asia-pacific ProsperityRounak Bhatt
this presentation is all about APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation). This is for study purpose. how it works?, what its structure? who are members? and all such questions will get answered here...
This document outlines the roles and means of participation of various stakeholders in Zambia's trade policy formulation process. It discusses national level stakeholders like various ministries and private sector groups, regional stakeholders like SADC and COMESA, multilateral organizations like the WTO, and bilateral partners like the European Commission. It notes that while stakeholder participation has increased, it could still be improved through greater political will, more informed contributions from stakeholders, better coordination, and ensuring preferential access is equitably distributed to maintain private sector engagement.
The document discusses Zambia's trade policy and consultative process. It provides background on Zambia's economy and trade, noting its dependence on copper exports. It then outlines Zambia's trade policy process, key government institutions involved, and mechanisms for stakeholder consultation. While consultation has improved, involvement of the informal sector and rural communities remains limited.
The document discusses the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, which aims to liberalize trade between 12 Pacific Rim nations. It faces protests over negotiation secrecy and potential impacts of intellectual property rules on drug costs. The TPP could increase members' economic size by opening new markets but also risks losing trade advantages if any country withdraws. Malaysia's position balances domestic stakeholders' mixed views and seeks exemptions, while ensuring any deal benefits the country.
The document summarizes the process of developing Uganda's National Trade Policy. It describes how a consultant was hired to write a background document examining existing trade policies and stakeholder views. A drafting team then developed a draft policy which underwent stakeholder consultations and revisions. The final policy aims to use trade to reduce poverty and supports private sector competitiveness and productive sectors domestically and internationally. It analyzes Uganda's trade situation and barriers and emphasizes trade linkages and complementarities with other policies.
This book examines India's bilateral and regional economic cooperation. It discusses India's cautious approach to regional cooperation prior to 1991 economic reforms and its current engagement with trading partners through regional trade agreements. A key policy was the 1991 "Look East" policy focusing cooperation with East Asian countries. The book also explores India's involvement in various regional organizations like ASEAN, SAARC, and APEC. It analyzes India's economic relations with major partners like China, Australia, and Singapore. Other topics covered include India's regional trade agreements, its role in the WTO and globalization. The book provides a timely analysis of India's economic and trade relations with countries around the world.
The G20 leaders committed to boosting global economic growth and job creation. They agreed to implement structural reforms and appropriate macroeconomic policies to support growth. Their goal is to increase global GDP by 2% by 2018 through national growth strategies that will be monitored. Areas of focus include increasing investment, trade, competition, employment opportunities for women and youth, and supporting development in low-income countries.
India is engaged in several regional trade agreements (RTAs) aimed at liberalizing trade. These include bilateral agreements like the India-ASEAN agreement for trade in services and investment that is scheduled to be signed in 2014. India also has agreements like the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement currently being negotiated with Sri Lanka to expand the existing free trade agreement between the two countries. India is similarly negotiating a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement with Thailand to build upon their existing framework agreement for free trade. These various RTAs seek to reduce tariffs and barriers to trade in goods, services and investment between the partner countries.
Free trade agreements are agreements between countries to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade such as tariffs and regulatory laws. They are promoted by organizations like the World Trade Organization to encourage trade without barriers. There are bilateral agreements between two countries as well as multilateral agreements involving more than two countries to broadly liberalize trade across an interdependent global economy.
The document discusses the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, including its objectives, evolution, and implications for Mexico. The TPP aims to create an integrated economic platform in the Asia-Pacific region and foster growth. It brings together countries willing to commit to high standards of liberalization, including on new issues like labor, environment, and intellectual property. Mexico faces challenges in the TPP negotiations from issues with certain countries' agriculture and textiles sectors, but also opportunities to access new export markets and attract investment by remaining competitive. Overall the TPP has the potential to further regional economic integration beyond its current membership.
Economic integration in the perspective of BangladeshRifat Ahsan
This document discusses Bangladesh's perspective on economic integration. It outlines that Bangladesh believes economic integration in South Asia can be enhanced through various trade liberalizing initiatives. It notes that Bangladesh has joined several economic organizations, including the Commonwealth of Nations, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, OIC, SAARC, BIMSTEC, and WTO. Additionally, Bangladesh has played leadership roles as chairman of the Group of 77 and Group of 48 developing countries. The document provides brief details on Bangladesh's involvement with some of these organizations.
This discussion on Trans Pacific Partnership. This presentation will look at Trade, Government Policies, comments from media, trade association as well as government leaders.
This document provides pre-budget proposals from the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) for the 2015-16 budget in Pakistan. It recommends measures to promote sustainable development and job creation through fiscal policy interventions. Key proposals include lowering corporate and income tax rates, reducing exemptions, increasing social spending, reforming property taxes, and mobilizing additional revenue through improved tax compliance and administration. The proposals are based on consultations with stakeholders and aim to boost the economy while protecting the vulnerable.
The Much Touted Malawi Economic Recovery Plan by Joyce Banda Administration. Literally 14 Pages that Include, Presidential Statement, Accronyms, Its more of Bachelors Degree Class Assignment...
The document discusses India's economic reforms in the early 1990s known as the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) model. The goal was to make India one of the fastest growing economies. This involved reforms to business, manufacturing, and financial services. Liberalization removed restrictions on free trade. In 1991, India faced a balance of payments crisis and had to get an IMF loan, which required implementing economic reforms. Key reforms included opening the stock market to foreign investors, privatizing state-owned companies, cutting import tariffs, and allowing more foreign direct investment. The results of these reforms were increased foreign investment and faster economic growth.
Asignment arifa-fiscal policy and its importanceArifa Dars
This document is a student assignment submitted by Arifa Dars to her professor Vishnu Mal Parmar on the topic of fiscal policy and its importance for the Pakistani economy. It contains the following key points:
1. It defines fiscal policy as the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, focusing on its effects on overall output and aggregate demand.
2. It discusses the microeconomic and macroeconomic objectives of fiscal policy in Pakistan, including income distribution, social services, investment in public goods, and maintaining stable prices, output, and the balance of payments.
3. It examines the functions of fiscal policy including allocation of funds, distribution of funds, stabilization of economic growth, and development through
This document provides an overview of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and its potential impacts on labor in Vietnam. It discusses key aspects of the TPP including its membership, contents, labor standards chapter, and Vietnam's commitments around labor reforms. The researcher aims to analyze how the TPP's labor provisions align with International Labor Organization declarations and assess their expected impacts on Vietnam's labor practices and policies. The methodology will include comparative analysis of trade agreements and empirical assessment of the challenges and opportunities for Vietnam in implementing the required labor reforms.
The document provides information on NAFTA and ASEAN.
NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States that aims to reduce trade barriers and promote economic growth. It creates the largest free trade zone in the world. ASEAN is an association of Southeast Asian nations that aims to accelerate economic growth and cultural development in the region. Its key objectives include promoting regional peace and mutual assistance among member countries. Major trade commodities for both NAFTA and ASEAN include agricultural products, machinery, vehicles, and minerals.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement between 12 Pacific Rim countries that aims to promote economic growth through reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers. The TPP seeks to address new trade issues like the digital economy and state-owned enterprises. However, some argue it could increase drug prices and threaten certain domestic industries and emerging markets like China and India through trade diversion. The environmental and intellectual property impacts are also debated.
The document provides information for Green Harvest Pvt. Ltd., an agricultural company based in Australia, as it considers expanding into New Zealand. It includes a company profile, background on New Zealand's economy and key factors, advantages of operating there, a PESTEL analysis, information on New Zealand's agriculture and food processing industries, a SWOT analysis, market segmentation and targeting, positioning, Porter's Five Forces analysis, market entry strategies, and promotion plans. New Zealand is attractive due to its stable political environment, ease of doing business, literacy and education levels, and position as a global leader in agriculture.
Foreign trade policy - International Business - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Foreign trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs.
This document discusses various trade and investment policies including barriers to trade such as tariffs, quotas, and standards as well as measures to facilitate trade like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It also covers US trade policies and efforts to promote exports and foreign investment through subsidies, tax incentives, and infrastructure development as well as special economic zones like Foreign Trade Zones.
The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is a trade agreement between South Asian countries that was signed in 2004 and created a free trade area of 1.6 billion people. The goal of SAFTA is to reduce customs duties between member countries to zero by 2016 in order to increase trade, economic cooperation, and benefits for citizens of South Asia. SAFTA aims to promote competition and provide equitable benefits to member states through tariff reductions and increased transparency.
The document summarizes the role of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries (MAAIF) in Uganda's trade policy making process. MAAIF's key responsibilities relate to supporting agricultural production but it has limited involvement in trade policy discussions. It currently has only one representative in the trade policy committee, which MAAIF views as insufficient given agriculture's importance to Uganda's economy and trade. MAAIF faces challenges providing input and would like greater representation in trade discussions. Coordination between Uganda's institutions involved in trade matters also needs improvement.
This annual report summarizes the activities of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for the 2011/2012 financial year. Some key highlights include:
- Substantial progress was made in implementing the Trade Facilitation Programme, including adopting a regional customs policy and strategy to address illicit tobacco trade.
- A SACU statistical database was developed to serve as a central repository for economic data from member states.
- The review of the SACU revenue sharing arrangement continued, with a task team identifying key policy issues to consider in the review.
- SACU continued negotiations with key trading partners like India, the US, and the EU, as well as negotiations for a Tri
This document provides an annual report for the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for the 2012 fiscal year. It summarizes the history of SACU as the oldest customs union in the world, dating back to 1889 agreements. It outlines SACU's vision for equitable and sustainable development. The report discusses progress made on SACU's work program priorities, which include regional industrial development policy, revenue sharing arrangements, trade facilitation, institutional development, and unified trade negotiations. It provides messages from the SACU Council of Ministers Chairperson and the Executive Secretary on activities in the past year and strategic priorities going forward.
The document discusses international trade and regional economic integration in Africa. It provides details on several major regional economic communities in Africa, including COMESA and the East African Community (EAC). COMESA aims to promote economic development and trade by removing barriers between countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. The EAC seeks similar goals among East African countries by establishing a customs union and common market to boost trade and investment. Both organizations aim to advance economic and political integration among their member states in multiple stages, from free trade areas to possible future monetary unions and political federations.
India is engaged in several regional trade agreements (RTAs) aimed at liberalizing trade. These include bilateral agreements like the India-ASEAN agreement for trade in services and investment that is scheduled to be signed in 2014. India also has agreements like the Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement currently being negotiated with Sri Lanka to expand the existing free trade agreement between the two countries. India is similarly negotiating a Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement with Thailand to build upon their existing framework agreement for free trade. These various RTAs seek to reduce tariffs and barriers to trade in goods, services and investment between the partner countries.
Free trade agreements are agreements between countries to reduce or eliminate barriers to trade such as tariffs and regulatory laws. They are promoted by organizations like the World Trade Organization to encourage trade without barriers. There are bilateral agreements between two countries as well as multilateral agreements involving more than two countries to broadly liberalize trade across an interdependent global economy.
The document discusses the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, including its objectives, evolution, and implications for Mexico. The TPP aims to create an integrated economic platform in the Asia-Pacific region and foster growth. It brings together countries willing to commit to high standards of liberalization, including on new issues like labor, environment, and intellectual property. Mexico faces challenges in the TPP negotiations from issues with certain countries' agriculture and textiles sectors, but also opportunities to access new export markets and attract investment by remaining competitive. Overall the TPP has the potential to further regional economic integration beyond its current membership.
Economic integration in the perspective of BangladeshRifat Ahsan
This document discusses Bangladesh's perspective on economic integration. It outlines that Bangladesh believes economic integration in South Asia can be enhanced through various trade liberalizing initiatives. It notes that Bangladesh has joined several economic organizations, including the Commonwealth of Nations, United Nations, Non-Aligned Movement, OIC, SAARC, BIMSTEC, and WTO. Additionally, Bangladesh has played leadership roles as chairman of the Group of 77 and Group of 48 developing countries. The document provides brief details on Bangladesh's involvement with some of these organizations.
This discussion on Trans Pacific Partnership. This presentation will look at Trade, Government Policies, comments from media, trade association as well as government leaders.
This document provides pre-budget proposals from the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) for the 2015-16 budget in Pakistan. It recommends measures to promote sustainable development and job creation through fiscal policy interventions. Key proposals include lowering corporate and income tax rates, reducing exemptions, increasing social spending, reforming property taxes, and mobilizing additional revenue through improved tax compliance and administration. The proposals are based on consultations with stakeholders and aim to boost the economy while protecting the vulnerable.
The Much Touted Malawi Economic Recovery Plan by Joyce Banda Administration. Literally 14 Pages that Include, Presidential Statement, Accronyms, Its more of Bachelors Degree Class Assignment...
The document discusses India's economic reforms in the early 1990s known as the LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) model. The goal was to make India one of the fastest growing economies. This involved reforms to business, manufacturing, and financial services. Liberalization removed restrictions on free trade. In 1991, India faced a balance of payments crisis and had to get an IMF loan, which required implementing economic reforms. Key reforms included opening the stock market to foreign investors, privatizing state-owned companies, cutting import tariffs, and allowing more foreign direct investment. The results of these reforms were increased foreign investment and faster economic growth.
Asignment arifa-fiscal policy and its importanceArifa Dars
This document is a student assignment submitted by Arifa Dars to her professor Vishnu Mal Parmar on the topic of fiscal policy and its importance for the Pakistani economy. It contains the following key points:
1. It defines fiscal policy as the use of government spending and taxation to influence the economy, focusing on its effects on overall output and aggregate demand.
2. It discusses the microeconomic and macroeconomic objectives of fiscal policy in Pakistan, including income distribution, social services, investment in public goods, and maintaining stable prices, output, and the balance of payments.
3. It examines the functions of fiscal policy including allocation of funds, distribution of funds, stabilization of economic growth, and development through
This document provides an overview of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement and its potential impacts on labor in Vietnam. It discusses key aspects of the TPP including its membership, contents, labor standards chapter, and Vietnam's commitments around labor reforms. The researcher aims to analyze how the TPP's labor provisions align with International Labor Organization declarations and assess their expected impacts on Vietnam's labor practices and policies. The methodology will include comparative analysis of trade agreements and empirical assessment of the challenges and opportunities for Vietnam in implementing the required labor reforms.
The document provides information on NAFTA and ASEAN.
NAFTA is a trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States that aims to reduce trade barriers and promote economic growth. It creates the largest free trade zone in the world. ASEAN is an association of Southeast Asian nations that aims to accelerate economic growth and cultural development in the region. Its key objectives include promoting regional peace and mutual assistance among member countries. Major trade commodities for both NAFTA and ASEAN include agricultural products, machinery, vehicles, and minerals.
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement between 12 Pacific Rim countries that aims to promote economic growth through reducing tariffs and non-tariff barriers. The TPP seeks to address new trade issues like the digital economy and state-owned enterprises. However, some argue it could increase drug prices and threaten certain domestic industries and emerging markets like China and India through trade diversion. The environmental and intellectual property impacts are also debated.
The document provides information for Green Harvest Pvt. Ltd., an agricultural company based in Australia, as it considers expanding into New Zealand. It includes a company profile, background on New Zealand's economy and key factors, advantages of operating there, a PESTEL analysis, information on New Zealand's agriculture and food processing industries, a SWOT analysis, market segmentation and targeting, positioning, Porter's Five Forces analysis, market entry strategies, and promotion plans. New Zealand is attractive due to its stable political environment, ease of doing business, literacy and education levels, and position as a global leader in agriculture.
Foreign trade policy - International Business - Manu Melwin Joymanumelwin
Foreign trade is the exchange of goods and services between nations. Goods can be defined as finished products, as intermediate goods used in producing other goods, or as agricultural products and foodstuffs.
This document discusses various trade and investment policies including barriers to trade such as tariffs, quotas, and standards as well as measures to facilitate trade like the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). It also covers US trade policies and efforts to promote exports and foreign investment through subsidies, tax incentives, and infrastructure development as well as special economic zones like Foreign Trade Zones.
The South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) is a trade agreement between South Asian countries that was signed in 2004 and created a free trade area of 1.6 billion people. The goal of SAFTA is to reduce customs duties between member countries to zero by 2016 in order to increase trade, economic cooperation, and benefits for citizens of South Asia. SAFTA aims to promote competition and provide equitable benefits to member states through tariff reductions and increased transparency.
The document summarizes the role of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry & Fisheries (MAAIF) in Uganda's trade policy making process. MAAIF's key responsibilities relate to supporting agricultural production but it has limited involvement in trade policy discussions. It currently has only one representative in the trade policy committee, which MAAIF views as insufficient given agriculture's importance to Uganda's economy and trade. MAAIF faces challenges providing input and would like greater representation in trade discussions. Coordination between Uganda's institutions involved in trade matters also needs improvement.
This annual report summarizes the activities of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for the 2011/2012 financial year. Some key highlights include:
- Substantial progress was made in implementing the Trade Facilitation Programme, including adopting a regional customs policy and strategy to address illicit tobacco trade.
- A SACU statistical database was developed to serve as a central repository for economic data from member states.
- The review of the SACU revenue sharing arrangement continued, with a task team identifying key policy issues to consider in the review.
- SACU continued negotiations with key trading partners like India, the US, and the EU, as well as negotiations for a Tri
This document provides an annual report for the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) for the 2012 fiscal year. It summarizes the history of SACU as the oldest customs union in the world, dating back to 1889 agreements. It outlines SACU's vision for equitable and sustainable development. The report discusses progress made on SACU's work program priorities, which include regional industrial development policy, revenue sharing arrangements, trade facilitation, institutional development, and unified trade negotiations. It provides messages from the SACU Council of Ministers Chairperson and the Executive Secretary on activities in the past year and strategic priorities going forward.
The document discusses international trade and regional economic integration in Africa. It provides details on several major regional economic communities in Africa, including COMESA and the East African Community (EAC). COMESA aims to promote economic development and trade by removing barriers between countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. The EAC seeks similar goals among East African countries by establishing a customs union and common market to boost trade and investment. Both organizations aim to advance economic and political integration among their member states in multiple stages, from free trade areas to possible future monetary unions and political federations.
The document discusses international trade and regional economic integration in Africa. It provides details on several major regional economic communities in Africa, including COMESA and the East African Community (EAC). COMESA aims to promote economic development and trade by removing barriers between member states. Its goals include establishing a free trade area and eventually a common market and monetary union. The EAC also seeks to deepen economic and political integration between its members through cooperation in areas like trade, infrastructure, and security. Both organizations aim to boost intra-regional trade and investment through gradual economic harmonization and coordination between states.
The document discusses international trade and regional economic integration in Africa. It provides details on several major regional economic communities in Africa, including COMESA and the East African Community (EAC). COMESA aims to promote economic development and trade by removing barriers between countries in Eastern and Southern Africa. The EAC seeks similar goals among East African countries by establishing a customs union and common market to boost trade and investment. Both organizations aim to advance economic and political integration among their member states in multiple stages, from free trade areas to possible future monetary unions and political federations.
Kenya has evolved its trade policies over time from import substitution in the 1960s-1980s to trade liberalization under structural adjustment policies in the 1980s to export oriented policies in the 1990s. Vision 2030 now aims to transform Kenya into a globally competitive economy through a national trade policy. The trade policy making process involves identifying problems, benchmarking against other countries, and outlining goals, objectives, strategies and projects with input from stakeholders to support informal trade, retail, distribution, international trade, e-commerce and services. The Office of the Deputy Prime Minister and Ministry of Trade leads this process working with other ministries.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is the UN body dealing with trade, investment, and development issues. It was established in 1964 and has 194 member countries. UNCTAD aims to help developing countries make informed decisions to reduce global economic inequality and promote sustainable development. It undertakes research, provides a forum for discussions, and offers technical assistance on issues related to trade, investment, technology, and the specific needs of developing, landlocked, small island, and least developed nations.
Position Paper for World Trade Organization - NYC Model UN Conference 2009agemmel7
South Africa supports regional trade agreements and the creation of new organizations to facilitate trade. It proposes the creation of a new WTO committee called MINT to help developing countries industrialize and restructure their economies. South Africa also proposes the creation of an African trade organization called ACTO to promote free trade across Africa through lowering tariffs and economic cooperation. It believes regional trade agreements like SACU have increased trade and economic growth in southern Africa and can serve as models for broader cooperation.
This session will review the development cooperation provisions of the EPA Agreement and examine the role of the institutions charged with the responsibility of the provision of development assistance. This discussion should emphasize the need for strategic planning when requesting assistance or cooperation and the importance of technical assistance utilized for capacity building.
Presentation by Kariyma Baltimore - Trade Officer
The East African Community (EAC) was established in 2000 between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania with the aim of increasing trade and economic cooperation in the region. It has since expanded to include Rwanda and Burundi. The EAC seeks to create a large common market to attract investment and increase competitiveness. With a population of over 137 million currently that is projected to exceed 150 million by 2015, the EAC represents a sizable consumer market in Africa second only to Nigeria. Member states have also experienced strong GDP growth averaging around 8-9% annually in recent years. While challenges remain, the EAC's political and economic integration has progressed further than its previous iteration and its development is expected to significantly impact business opportunities in East
The document discusses India's trade relations with Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It outlines the growth in trade between these regions in recent decades and their complementary economic strengths. It then summarizes India's "Focus: LAC" program aimed at increasing exports to LAC through institutional support, market access initiatives, and economic infrastructure development. Key elements of the program include preferential trade agreements, joint trade bodies, export promotion activities, and enhanced access to lines of credit and trade insurance. Major export sectors prioritized include textiles, engineering goods, and chemicals.
The document summarizes a workshop held in Nairobi, Kenya on emerging issues in multilateral and regional trade agreements. It notes that the World Trade Organization's Doha Round aimed to provide market access and aid industrialization for developing countries. However, the lack of progress in these negotiations has led to a proliferation of new mega free trade agreements between countries and regions that include "WTO-plus" issues beyond traditional trade topics. The workshop aims to build capacity for developing countries to understand and analyze the potential implications and opportunities of these new provisions entering multilateral trade rules and agreements.
The document provides information on regional trade agreements, international economic institutions, and their objectives. It discusses the IMF, World Bank, WTO, NAFTA, ASEAN, SAARC, and MERCOSUR. The IMF was established to regulate exchange rates and enforce monetary system rules. The World Bank makes development loans to help countries pursue poverty reduction goals. UNCTAD deals with trade, investment, and development issues to promote equitable economic growth between developed and developing nations.
The document summarizes Uganda's trade policymaking process. It discusses Uganda's participation in international and regional trade agreements. It outlines Uganda's key trade partners and export/import trends. It then describes Uganda's inclusive trade policymaking index and the roles of various government institutions and stakeholders like ministries, private sector, and civil society organizations in developing and implementing trade policy. The trade policy drafting process involved background research, stakeholder consultations, and revisions based on feedback from national trade sector review conferences before cabinet approval.
Hon. mtic remarks at policy organ mtg comesa ttWilly Mutenza
The document summarizes the opening remarks by Hon. Amelia A Kyambadde, Minister of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives of Uganda, at the 31st COMESA Intergovernmental Committee Meeting in Kampala, Uganda. The key points are:
1) Uganda is hosting the COMESA Policy Organs meetings and 16th COMESA Summit to discuss enhancing intra-COMESA trade through the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs).
2) MSMEs represent 90% of Uganda's private sector but face challenges like lack of financing, training, and quality standards that limit cross-border trade.
3) Uganda is committed to regional
This document summarizes Clement Onyango's presentation on Tanzania's trade policy process. It outlines Tanzania's economic background and key trade statistics. It then describes Tanzania's trade policy institutions and mechanisms for stakeholder consultation, including the roles of government ministries, private sector organizations, and civil society groups. It discusses challenges in the policy process and recommendations for improving stakeholder inclusion and policy coordination.
The Pacific Alliance is an economic integration agreement between Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru aimed at promoting regional economic growth and development through free trade. Key objectives include establishing free movement of goods, services, capital and people. As a bloc, the four countries have a population of over 209 million people and combined GDP of over $1 trillion USD, accounting for 35% of Latin America's total GDP. The agreement seeks to create an open market to attract trade and investment, especially from Asia-Pacific countries.
1. The document discusses various topics related to business environment and international business including concepts of business environment, theories of international trade, foreign direct investment, balance of payments, economic integration, and international economic institutions.
2. It provides information on key concepts like the micro and macro environment factors impacting business, consumer protection act and rights, foreign exchange management act, and corporate social responsibility.
3. International economic institutions discussed include IMF, World Bank, UNCTAD, and WTO along with their objectives and functions regarding monetary cooperation and economic development.
Lawyer in Vietnam Dr. Oliver Massmann TOURISM HOSPITALITYDr. Oliver Massmann
1. Vietnam has great potential for tourism growth due to its natural beauty, culture, and friendly people. International visitor arrivals grew 28% in 2017. However, Vietnam can further develop tourism through improved visa policy, destination marketing, public-private cooperation, and a tourism development fund.
2. Major upcoming trade agreements like the TPP 11 and EU-Vietnam FTA will boost the economy by reducing tariffs, ensuring fair competition, and protecting investors. They offer opportunities to access new markets that can bring investment to Vietnam and its economic sectors. Proper use of investor protections under the agreements will encourage foreign investment.
The Department of Resources and Economic Affairs (DREA) newsletter provides updates on projects and activities in the 2nd quarter of FY2012. Key points include:
1) DREA completed deployment of 3 fish aggregating device anchors to support fishing. Staff are monitoring the anchors.
2) Workshops were held in 5 villages to improve farming skills and understanding of agriculture topics.
3) A livestock and poultry survey was conducted to account for all animals in Kosrae, as required every 5 years.
4) Export of Kosrae agricultural produce increased in volume and value compared to the previous quarter.
The document summarizes several conservation projects and activities undertaken by the Conservation Society of Pohnpei in early 2012, including:
1) An annual bird survey conducted on Pohnpei and Ant Atoll in partnership with the University of Missouri.
2) The addition of 4 new species to Pohnpei's freshwater fauna by French scientists surveying the island's streams.
3) The completion of a strategic action plan by Pohnpei's Division of Fish and Wildlife to guide conservation law enforcement over the next three years.
4) A youth environmental awareness program involving a school garden project that received support from the U.S. Ambassador to Pohnpei.
The Forum Trade Ministers Meeting discussed several trade-related topics:
1) They considered updates on the operations of the Permanent Delegation of the Pacific Islands Forum to the World Trade Organization in Geneva and the Doha Development Agenda. They congratulated Samoa on joining the WTO and acknowledged contributions to WTO accessions.
2) They received updates on Pacific Islands Trade & Invest activities and opportunities in key markets. They urged continued marketing and attracting investment.
3) They discussed ongoing traditional knowledge and intellectual property work in the region and agreed to priorities, including establishing a regional trademarks system.
4) They reviewed the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat's trade work program and agreed to continue
This document discusses the Global Island Partnership (GLISPA), which assists islands in addressing environmental challenges. It was created to [1] conserve island natural resources that support people and cultures, [2] provide a platform for islands to collaborate on solutions, and [3] take high-level actions to address global sustainability issues. Islands are described as unique, diverse and vulnerable locations that support significant biodiversity and people. GLISPA works to inspire leadership, catalyze commitments, and facilitate collaboration between islands to promote conservation and sustainable livelihoods.
The document summarizes the work of the Kosrae Adjustment Program Implementation Team (KAPIT) in submitting legislative measures to improve Kosrae's fiscal situation, recognizes the 2011 Department of Resources and Economic Affairs Employee of the Year, and provides updates on Kosrae's participation in the Guam Micronesian Islands Fair and the release of the Division of Economic Planning's first economic brief focusing on transportation issues in Kosrae.
The Micronesia Challenge is a regional commitment launched in 2006 by the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Palau, Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to effectively manage at least 30% of the near-shore marine resources and 20% of the terrestrial resources across Micronesia by 2020. In its first five years, it has established or strengthened 190 protected areas covering over 683,310 hectares and leveraged over $15 million in support. It aims to protect biodiversity and sustain local livelihoods in the region through a sustainable financing plan and partnerships.
The document outlines the organizational structure of the FSM Department of Resources & Development. It shows the Secretary at the top overseeing two assistant secretaries who each lead a division. Various program managers, advisors, officers, and specialists report up through the divisions and assistant secretaries to support the department's work in areas like energy, fisheries, tourism, agriculture, trade, and investment. Administrative and executive support staff also assist the Secretary.
The document outlines Japan's grant project to introduce solar PV systems in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) using 530 million yen in funding. The project will install a 160 kW grid-connected PV system, including a 20 kW system at the President's Office and a 140 kW system at the College of Micronesia-FSM campus. It establishes a committee to oversee the project and discusses schedules, equipment procurement, installation, training, funding procedures, and obligations of the FSM government to ensure successful completion of the solar PV systems.
The document outlines FSM's energy policy vision and objectives to improve lives through sustainable energy and decrease reliance on imports. The strategic goals are to improve coordination, provide reliable conventional energy, increase renewable energy share above 30% by 2020, and improve 50% energy efficiency by 2020. The policy establishes an institutional framework and action plans for both national and state governments. Nationally, it focuses on data collection, coordination, and assessments. At the state level, priorities are maintaining diesel generators, expanding renewable systems like solar, and implementing efficiency programs.
This document contains national and state energy action plans for the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). The national plan focuses on promoting energy efficiency, conservation, and renewable energy. It includes priorities like implementing energy efficient appliances, conducting energy audits and assessments, establishing building energy standards, and raising public awareness through education campaigns. Individual state plans for Yap and Chuuk are also included, outlining objectives and 10-year action plans to develop conventional and renewable energy resources with a focus on solar power and improving energy access across islands.
The Federated States of Micronesia's national energy policy aims to reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil fuels and transition to more renewable energy. Key points:
1) FSM is highly dependent on imported petroleum for electricity generation and transportation, which represents over 50% of its annual budget and 20% of GDP.
2) The policy establishes goals and objectives around renewable energy development, energy efficiency and conservation, and management of conventional energy resources.
3) It proposes an institutional framework to coordinate energy efforts across government agencies and private sector stakeholders at both the national and state levels.
The 15th Micronesian Chief Executives' Summit was held in Pohnpei, FSM from July 27-28, 2021. Key outcomes of the summit included designating Guam to host the Office of the Micronesia Center for a Sustainable Future and establishing a working group to address problems with Micronesian pension and social security systems. The summit also adopted a resolution to develop a regional ban on shark finning and called for a strategic framework to implement marine conservation programs to establish the world's first Regional Shark Sanctuary in Micronesia by December 2022. Chief Executives also issued decisions and recommendations on health, invasive species, tourism, climate change, water and sanitation. Presentations were given
The document contains electricity production data for the state of YAP from 2007 to 2012. It includes monthly and yearly totals for electricity produced, fuel used, fuel prices, and residential/commercial/government tariffs. Electricity production averaged over 1 million KWH per month from 2007 to 2011. Fuel prices fluctuated between $3-6 per gallon during this period. Tariffs for residential customers ranged from $0.13-0.40 per KWH.
The document contains electricity production data for the state of Kosrae from 2007 to 2011. It includes monthly and yearly totals for electricity produced, fuel used, fuel prices, electricity tariffs for residential, commercial and government customers. On average, electricity production was highest in 2010 at 544,977 KWH per month. Fuel prices steadily increased each year from a 2007 average of $2.64 per gallon to a 2011 average of $4.11 per gallon. Residential tariffs also increased over the period.
This document contains electricity production data for the state of Chuuk from 2007 to 2012. It includes the monthly electricity produced in kilowatt-hours, fuel used in gallons and the associated price, the amount spent on fuel, and residential, commercial, and government electricity rates per kilowatt-hour. In 2010, a total of 484,146 kilowatt-hours of electricity was produced using 428,559 gallons of fuel at a cost of $1,495,858. The average electricity produced in 2010 was 857,118 kilowatt-hours using 61,223 gallons of fuel priced at $3.4936 per gallon.
This document provides data on petroleum imports to the Federated States of Micronesia from 2000 to 2010, including gasoline, aviation/kerosene, diesel, and other products. It shows the amounts in thousands of gallons and thousands of dollars for each product imported to Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap each year. Total petroleum imports increased from 2000 to 2010 but decreased in some years. The cost per liter increased substantially from 2000 to 2010 for all product categories.
This document summarizes a post-COP10 meeting held in Fiji from May 16-20, 2011 to review outcomes of the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity and plan for their implementation in the Pacific region. Key points from discussions included:
1) Participants shared lessons learned from successful Pacific cooperation at COP10, highlighting regional achievements and the need to continue a unified Pacific voice.
2) Discussions established a basic understanding of important Nagoya outcomes and decisions for the Pacific, and identified capacity needs to implement them with support from partners.
3) Recommendations focused on strengthening future COP preparations through information sharing, and consolidating strategies, actions and partnership opportunities to
The President of the Federated States of Micronesia declared March 22, 2011 as FSM National Water Day through a presidential proclamation. The proclamation noted that clean water is essential to life but over 1 billion people lack access to it. It also recognized that the UN designated March 22 as World Water Day and that the FSM would hold a National Water Summit on that date to discuss water resources and management. The proclamation urged citizens to join in recognizing water's importance and protecting it for the future.
The document is a resolution from the Federated States of Micronesia establishing a National Water Task Force to develop a comprehensive national water and sanitation policy. It recognizes that safe water is scarce in Micronesia and threatens development and health. Despite water's importance, there is no overarching policy. The resolution creates a task force with representatives from national and state governments to draft a national water outlook, policy, and investment plan by August 2011 to strengthen water coordination and management across Micronesia.
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1. THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA
TRADE POLICY
January 2011
Division of Trade and Investment
FSM Department of Resources and Development
2. FOREWORD
The Strategic Development Plan (SDP) called for FSM to adopt trade and tax policies to enhance
the competitiveness of producers. In 2005, the Economic Policy and Implementation Council
(EPIC) passed a resolution calling for the establishment of a National Trade Facilitation
Committee (NTFC) to formulate a Trade Policy for the nation. This was further reiterated by the
Chief Executive Council (CEC) in June 2006.
Accordingly in October 2006, the Department of Resources and Development (R&D) convened a
National Trade Policy Consultative Meeting, where all the stakeholders from the National
Government, the states, private sector and non-state actors (NSA) were invited.
To facilitate the formulation and implementation of the Trade Policy, the National Trade
Facilitation Committee (NTFC) was established by Executive Order on the 14th of January 2008.
The NTFC convened its meeting in June 2008 to consider the final technical draft of the Trade
Policy.
The ultimate objective of the Trade Policy is to promote export-led sustainable economic growth
and self reliance, with the ultimate objective of creating employment, alleviating hardship and
raising the living standards of FSM citizens. The Trade Policy provides clear recommendations
on what needs to be done in order to promote private sector development and export-led
economic growth.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Vice President, who is the Chairman of the
NTFC, the Commonwealth Secretariat (Hub and Spoke Project) and the Pacific Islands Forum
Secretariat (PIFS) for providing technical and financial assistance, the States, NSA, the National
Government and the members of the NTFC who have participated actively in the formulation of
the Trade Policy. I would also like to thank the many citizens of the FSM who participated in the
Trade Policy formulation and the private sector for their valuable input in the process. Lastly, my
gratitude goes to the Department of R&D, which was primarily responsible for managing this
consultation process and developing this Trade Policy.
I am confident that the Trade Policy will help in putting the necessary measures in place to
address supply-side constraints and help our nation to produce goods and services that can be
traded competitively on the international market and help us to achieve our shared goals of
economic growth, employment creation, poverty alleviation, and sustainable development.
Emmanuel Mori
President
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3. VISION
The FSM Trade Policy shall promote and facilitate private sector development and foreign direct
investment in priority sectors in order to achieve export-led economic growth and sustainable
development, creating employment, improving services, alleviating poverty with the ultimate
objective of raising the standards of living in the FSM.
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4. The Trade Policy Statement
The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) consists of about 607 small islands with a
total land area of about 701.8 square kilometers and an exclusive economic zone of over 1
million square miles (2 589 988 square kilometers). The country is divided into four States
namely; Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap with an estimate population of about 110, 000 people.
2. The FSM economy is mainly an import based aid dependent economy (mainly from the
Compact). In 2005, grants contributed about 63% to total revenue compared to 66% in 1995 and
the bulk of the money ($131.4 million) in 2005 was spent on current expenditure and very little
($11.4 million) was used on capital expenditure. The overall economic performance from FY
1995 to FY 2006 was very weak and the annual average percent growth was -0, 7%, GDP and
real income have actually fallen. The Government has the largest contribution to GDP, followed
by wholesale and retail, and subsistence. Trade in agriculture, fisheries and tourism contributes
very little to GDP. In order to promote trade and investment, FSM needs to create a conducive
environment for investment and private sector development.
3. The main sectors that were identified in the SDP as priority sectors and which will be
targeted by the Trade Policy to promote economic growth include agriculture, fisheries and
tourism.
4. FSM’s performance in trade has also been very weak. In 2007, the value of merchandise
exports from FSM constituted about $16.2 million and imports were about $142.7 million. Food
and beverages dominate the import bill representing about $40.1 million of imports in 2007 (30%
of total imports). The main import markets are the US, Japan, Guam and Australia. Fish is the
major export commodity and it accounted for about 69 % of total exports in 2007. Other
products, which used to do well in the export market, include copra, bananas and citrus and
recently kava and betel nuts are the main exports. The main export markets are Japan, US, Guam,
Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), the Republic of the Marshall Islands
(RMI) and Hawaii.
5. Services contribute about 77% to GDP but exports of services are very low. The main
services export is tourism, but it is still underdeveloped. Another potential source of ‘exports’ is
the temporary movement of natural persons abroad. Technical and financial assistance is needed
to upgrade the training institutions to develop skills that are needed to turn around the economy
and export the surplus skills.
6. FSM will liberalize and upgrade the key service sectors such as telecommunication,
financial and transport services amongst other sectors to promote efficiency and reduce the cost
of doing business. However, diagnostic studies need to be undertaken prior to liberalization and
some regulations need to be put in place to protect public interest.
7. FSM has various trade-related laws regulating trade and investment at the National and
State level. FSM will review and introduce new laws relating to taxation, trade facilitation,
corporate governance, government procurement, competition, intellectual property, traditional
knowledge and genetic resources, environmental laws in order to create a good business
environment, which is conducive for promoting sustainable economic growth and development.
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5. Tax reform must be prioritised in order to ease the tax burden on the business community and
also to minimize revenue loss from participating in trade agreements.
8. The Trade Policy seeks to assist FSM exporters to consolidate existing markets and
identify new ones. It will promote inter-state trade, trade with the Freely Associated States
(FAS), and nearby markets such as Guam, Saipan, Hawaii and the US mainland.
9. Presently, the US Mainland, Hawaii, CNMI and Guam remain FSM’s key trading
partners both in terms of export and import. There will be a need to review existing trade and
investment incentives in order to boost exports into those markets and enhance US investment in
the FSM.
10. The sub regional market is also an area of interest with export opportunities in RMI and
Palau, noting that they already constitute a destination for exports originating from the FSM. In
this regard, the Micronesian Trade Committee (MTC) will need to be further strengthened,
noting that it may also serve as institutional tool for negotiations with big trading partners.
11. FSM has signed and is in the process of ratifying the Pacific Island Countries Trade
Agreement (PICTA). Currently, PICTA is being extended to include trade in services and
temporary movement of natural persons and FSM will continue to participate in those
negotiations.
12. FSM has access into the Australian and New Zealand market via the South Pacific
Regional Trade and Economic Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA), which is a non-reciprocal
Agreement. However, market access is hampered by transportation problems and onerous rules
of origin, quarantine and phytosanitary requirements. Although FSM is not a signatory to the
Pacific Agreement on Closer Economic Relations (PACER) between Forum Island Countries
(FICs) and Australia and New Zealand, it is participating together with the other FICs in
discussions for PACER Plus. National and State study and consultations are being undertaken to
assist the FSM in developing its negotiating strategy and positions with the view to enhance its
participation in those negotiations. In addition, FSM will need to consult with the US on whether
and how the most favoured nation (MFN) clause in the Amended Compact will be applied.
13. Asia is an important market for FSM, with Japan being the major export market,
especially for fish and tourism. FSM should continue to seek additional market access in other
Asian countries.
14. FSM together with the other 13 Pacific ACP States is negotiating an Economic
Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the European Commission (EC). The fisheries sector has
indicated its interest in the EU market and there is merit to explore the potential cost for the FSM
to signing the Interim EPA or comprehensive EPA to enable the private sector to benefit from the
market access opportunity that has been offered by the EC. However, before signing the EPA,
FSM will also need to consult with the US on whether and how the most favoured nation (MFN)
clause in the Compact Agreement will be applied.
15. The key objectives of the Trade Policy include: creating an environment which is
conducive for investment and private sector development; addressing the supply-side constraints
and non-tariff barriers; promoting import substitution and exports of value added goods and
services; guiding the nation in trade negotiations and in implementing trade agreements; using
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6. the Trade Policy to secure Aid for Trade from FSM’s trading partners and donors; and promoting
export-led sustainable economic growth, with the ultimate objective of raising the standards of
living in the FSM.
16. In order to achieve the abovementioned objectives, multi-year project proposals, which
include measurable indicators, will be prepared based on trade policies detailed in Annex 2. The
Trade Policy will be reviewed and monitored annually and necessary changes made to ensure that
the objectives are met.
17. This abridged version of the Trade Policy should be read together with Annex 1 which
details the key trade policy issues, challenges and opportunities and Annex 2 which identifies the
main stakeholders and entities responsible for the implementation, the time frame, and the
sources of funding.
18. The key policies outlined in the table below will be pursed in order to promote trade and
investment in the identified priority sectors.
Sectors Trade Policy
Agriculture Promoting import substitution, agricultural production, food security,
value addition and exports.
Fisheries Promoting sustainable fishing, local participation, foreign investment in
catching and processing.
Services
Transport Liberalization of the transport sector (air, maritime) to improve efficiency,
reliability and quality of service.
Tourism Liberalization of the tourism sector to allow foreign investment and
improve the quality of services offered to tourists.
Financial Services Liberalization of the financial sector to improve the quality of services to
the private sector including the small and medium enterprises.
Education and Strengthening and upgrading the education system/programs to improve
Human Resources the quality of education and produce work-ready graduates for the local
Development market and export the surplus skills to the international labor market.
Liberalization of the telecommunication sector to improve the quality of
Telecommunications services and reduce the costs of business.
Energy Liberalization of the petroleum sector and promotion of investment in
renewable energy.
Exports and Development of an export strategy to promote exports and reduce the
Imports trade deficit.
Tax & Customs Introducing a VAT plus excise tax and maintain tariffs that are necessary
to protect infant industries.
Institutional and Adoption of institutional sound measures to promote private sector
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7. G o v e r n m e n t development and foreign investment to enhance exports of value added
Support level goods and services.
Investment Providing cheap capital to Small Medium Enterprises and reforming of
existing investment laws in order to create a good business and
investment climate.
T r a d e - R e l a t e d Putting in place trade-related laws to create a good investment
Laws environment.
International Trade
E x i s t i n g Review existing trade and investment incentives in order to boost FSM
i n t e r n a t i o n a l export to the US mainland, Hawaii and Guam and to increase US
markets investments in the FSM.
Sub-regional trade Enhance the sub-regional trade network through the consolidation of the
network Micronesian Trade Committee (MTC).
Market Access and Diversification of international partners and entering into international
I n t e r n a t i o n a l trade Agreements including PICTA, EPA, China-Forum Island Countries
Trade Agreements Trade Agreement.
Aid for Trade Using the Trade Policy to secure Aid for Trade in order to address the
supply-side constraints inhibiting trade to enable FSM to utilize the
opportunities that are offered by trade liberalization.
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