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Taxonomy of Flowering Plants (introduction)
Goals of Plant Taxonomy
A. Plant Identification
B. Plant Nomenclature is the determination of the correct name of a known plant according to a known system (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; ICBN).
Vernacular name versus Scientific name
Hierarchy of classification
Species:……The smallest taxon.
C. Plant Classification
Merits and Demerits of Taxonomic Systems
Systems of Classification
A. Artificial Classifications classifies organisms by means of one or few characters.
B. Natural Classification reflects the situation as it is believed to exist in nature and utilizes all information available at the time such as habit of the plant.
C. Phylogenetic Classification classifies organisms according to their evolutionary sequence.
Click on the following link
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Placentation
The document describes different types of plant ovary structures based on their locules, ovules, and placentation. An ovary can have multiple locules making it axile, one locule making it basal or apical depending on placental position, many ovules with marginal placentation on the ventral suture, ovules on the peripheral walls making it parietal, or ovules on a central placenta making it free central.
Ethnobotany
- Ethnobotany is the study of how indigenous communities make use of local plant species, including their traditional knowledge of the surrounding plant diversity and the relationships between societies and the plant world.
- The document provides examples of plant species from the Arabian Peninsula and their traditional medicinal and other uses by local communities, such as using extracts from various plants to treat illnesses, bruises, headaches, and more.
- It also lists some plant species used for non-medicinal purposes, such as construction materials, perfume manufacturing, firewood, and the ecological roles of mangrove species along coastal regions.
Endemism and IUCN red list categories
This document discusses biodiversity conservation and the IUCN Red List. It explains that upon completing this module, one will understand issues of endemism and extinction, learn about the goal and aims of the IUCN Red List to assess threatened species, know who produces the Red List and what percentage of biodiversity has been assessed. Threats to biodiversity like habitat loss and overexploitation are also outlined, as well as conservation approaches like protected areas and restoration.
Cladistic analysis (Phylogenetics)
Phenetic Vs. Phylogenetics,Parsimony, Homology, evolution, Monophyletic groups, cladogram construction
Herbarium and Botanical Garden
A herbarium is a collection of dried plant specimens mounted on archival paper where the plants are pressed, mounted, labeled with their scientific names, collector, and locality. It involves techniques like collection, pressing, drying, poisoning, mounting, stitching, labeling, filing, and depositing plants. A botanical garden is an educational institution for scientific workers and the public that displays a wide range of labeled plants for cultivation and collection.
Practical flowering plant taxonomy all families
The document describes the vegetative and floral characters of multiple plant species. It provides details on leaf morphology, root structure, inflorescence type, flower symmetry and structure, and gynoecium characteristics. Across the species described, common traits include adventitious root systems, trimerous or pentamerous flowers, and superior ovaries with axile or basal placentation.
Recommended
Taxonomy of Flowering Plants (introduction)
Goals of Plant Taxonomy
A. Plant Identification
B. Plant Nomenclature is the determination of the correct name of a known plant according to a known system (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature; ICBN).
Vernacular name versus Scientific name
Hierarchy of classification
Species:……The smallest taxon.
C. Plant Classification
Merits and Demerits of Taxonomic Systems
Systems of Classification
A. Artificial Classifications classifies organisms by means of one or few characters.
B. Natural Classification reflects the situation as it is believed to exist in nature and utilizes all information available at the time such as habit of the plant.
C. Phylogenetic Classification classifies organisms according to their evolutionary sequence.
Click on the following link
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Placentation
The document describes different types of plant ovary structures based on their locules, ovules, and placentation. An ovary can have multiple locules making it axile, one locule making it basal or apical depending on placental position, many ovules with marginal placentation on the ventral suture, ovules on the peripheral walls making it parietal, or ovules on a central placenta making it free central.
Ethnobotany
- Ethnobotany is the study of how indigenous communities make use of local plant species, including their traditional knowledge of the surrounding plant diversity and the relationships between societies and the plant world.
- The document provides examples of plant species from the Arabian Peninsula and their traditional medicinal and other uses by local communities, such as using extracts from various plants to treat illnesses, bruises, headaches, and more.
- It also lists some plant species used for non-medicinal purposes, such as construction materials, perfume manufacturing, firewood, and the ecological roles of mangrove species along coastal regions.
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This document discusses biodiversity conservation and the IUCN Red List. It explains that upon completing this module, one will understand issues of endemism and extinction, learn about the goal and aims of the IUCN Red List to assess threatened species, know who produces the Red List and what percentage of biodiversity has been assessed. Threats to biodiversity like habitat loss and overexploitation are also outlined, as well as conservation approaches like protected areas and restoration.
Cladistic analysis (Phylogenetics)
Phenetic Vs. Phylogenetics,Parsimony, Homology, evolution, Monophyletic groups, cladogram construction
Herbarium and Botanical Garden
A herbarium is a collection of dried plant specimens mounted on archival paper where the plants are pressed, mounted, labeled with their scientific names, collector, and locality. It involves techniques like collection, pressing, drying, poisoning, mounting, stitching, labeling, filing, and depositing plants. A botanical garden is an educational institution for scientific workers and the public that displays a wide range of labeled plants for cultivation and collection.
Practical flowering plant taxonomy all families
The document describes the vegetative and floral characters of multiple plant species. It provides details on leaf morphology, root structure, inflorescence type, flower symmetry and structure, and gynoecium characteristics. Across the species described, common traits include adventitious root systems, trimerous or pentamerous flowers, and superior ovaries with axile or basal placentation.
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How to describe a flowering plant
This document discusses various vegetative and floral characters used to identify and classify plants. It describes important vegetative features and different types of inflorescences, flowers, and fruits. It also covers floral diagrams, pollen morphology characteristics including number, position, and character of apertures.
Chorology
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Plant life forms
Phanerophytes, Chamaephytes, Hemicryptophytes, Geophytes, Helophytes, Hydrophytes, Therophytes, Parasites, Epiphytes and Succulents.
Key to some families of ksa flora
This document provides a key to identifying some families of flora found in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It aims to help with classifying and naming plant species native to KSA by grouping them according to their shared characteristics. The key separates plants into taxonomic families to aid in understanding their biological relationships and evolutionary history.
Structure of the flower
This document provides definitions and descriptions of various plant anatomical and reproductive structures. It discusses the parts of a flower including the calyx, corolla, gynoecium, and androecium. It then describes the types of fusion and arrangements of these structures. The rest of the document covers topics like pollination types, fruit types, inflorescence types, and characteristics of pollen grains including composition, stratification, and exine sculpture.
How to construct a key
This document provides instructions for constructing and using dichotomous keys to identify unknown objects. It explains that dichotomous keys involve successive choices between two statements to identify an object. The document then provides an example dichotomous key to identify five plant genera - Clematis, Anemone, Ranunculus, Aquilegia, and Delphenium - based on characteristics of their fruits, flowers, sepals, and involucres. It concludes by listing best practices for constructing accurate and reliable dichotomous keys and cautions that keys should be checked against descriptions to verify identifications.
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02 Historical intro
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Dicta of Evolution
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- Theophrastus, who classified plants based on their habits into herbs, subshrubs, shrubs and trees.
- Carl Linnaeus, the "father of taxonomy", who created the modern system of binomial nomenclature in his 1753 work "Species Plantarum" and classified plants based on their reproductive structures.
- George Bentham and Joseph Hooker, who recognized over 97,000 species in their "Genera Plantarum".
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