The Turkish language originated in the Altay region over 1,300 years ago, with written records dating to northern Siberia. As Turkic peoples migrated throughout Central Asia and the Middle East, the language incorporated vocabulary from Arabic and Persian to describe new religious, philosophical, and artistic concepts. The Ottoman language was based mainly on Turkish but contained grammar and many words from Arabic and Persian. After establishing the Turkish Republic, Atatürk instituted wide-ranging language reforms to create a Turkish language that was less Arabic and Persian influenced and more in line with Turkish roots. This included adopting the Latin alphabet to replace the Arabic script and purging non-Turkish vocabulary.
A power point presentation on Indo European family of languages by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua
Ex Lecturer
Dept. of English
Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Sujay the indo europeanization-of_the_world_from a central asian homelandSujay Rao Mandavilli
In this paper, we bring together the concepts put forth in our previous papers and throw new light on how the Indo-Europeanization of the world may have happened from the conventional Central Asian homeland and explain the same using maps and diagrams. We also propose the ‘Ten modes of linguistic transformations associated with Human migrations.’ With this, the significance of the proposed term ‘Base Indo-European’ in lieu of the old term ‘Proto Indo-European’ will become abundantly clear to most readers. The approaches presented in this paper are somewhat superior to existing approaches, and as such are expected to replace them in the longer run. Detailed maps and notes demonstrating and explaining how linguistic transformations might have taken place in South Asia are available in this paper as understood from our previous research papers, and scholars from other parts of the world are invited to develop similar paradigms with regard to their home countries as far as the available data or evidence will allow them. This will help piece together a gigantic jig-saw puzzle, and lead to a revolution of sorts in the field, leading to a ripple-effect that will strongly impact several other related fields of study as well. We also re-emphasize our epigrammatic catch-phrases ‘The Globalization of Science’ and ‘Scientific Progress at the Speed of Light’, and attempt to show how the former will inexorably lead to the latter. This is done in a respectable level of detail, as zany and theoretical concepts gain respectability only if corroborated with real-world data from across the world. The end-result will be a transformation and a revolution in human knowledge, with inevitable cascading changes in cultural and social paradigms and relationships across nationalities and cultures, and rich rewards for scholars and students of Indo-European studies across the world.
2013-2015 OUR COMMON EUROPEAN ROOTS MEETINGS AND TOPICS
4th project meeting - 28th September – 3rd October 2014 at Liceo Classico Dante Alighieri,
Ravenna, Italy
Topic : “European linguistic roots: origin, evolution and present situation”.
Bilingualism As A Main Communication Factor For Integration Among Nations In ...SubmissionResearchpa
As we learn the history of language the national language requires understanding of the terms of fluent and linguistic methodology. Every language is primarily a historical necessity which changes the communication system. This information system is regulated or naturally will be developing by ages. Historically changes in Transoxiana region, modern Uzbekistan influenced in different forms and styles. In this paper work authors studied historical reformation of languages in this region. By centuries formation of the languages and their affect to the local communication and literature are studied. Moreover, authors clarified development of the Turkic language in Transoxiana and current reforms in education system which directed knowledge’s recognized internationally. by Dilnoza Sharipova, Nargiza Xushboqova, Mavjuda Eshpo’latova, Mukhabbat Toshmurodova, Dilfuza Shakirova and Dildora Toshova 2020. Bilingualism As A Main Communication Factor For Integration Among Nations In Transoxiana, Modern Uzbekistan. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 2 (Mar. 2020), 15-23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i2.258. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/258/251 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/258
Turkish Language and Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Languageinventionjournals
Turkish is a leading spoken and written language. Today, foreigners are taking increasingly more interest in Turkish owing to its 1500-year continuous and comprehensive history. However, an adequate background of Turkish in the literature of foreign language teaching and learning does not exist. Therefore, the field of teaching Turkish as a foreign language is relatively new in terms of the innovative methodology of instruction. As a language, Turkish is becoming more essential in education as well as in daily life due to the important role it plays in forming communication chains throughout the world. Turkish became even more popular after the Soviet Union’s break-up in 1991. In recent years, the fields of Turkic studies and teaching Turkish as a foreign language have received more attention throughout the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze some basic characteristics of the Turkish language and the history of teaching the Turkish language.
A power point presentation on Indo European family of languages by the students of English dept. at Metropolitan University, Sylhet.
Pulak Barua
Ex Lecturer
Dept. of English
Metropolitan University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
Sujay the indo europeanization-of_the_world_from a central asian homelandSujay Rao Mandavilli
In this paper, we bring together the concepts put forth in our previous papers and throw new light on how the Indo-Europeanization of the world may have happened from the conventional Central Asian homeland and explain the same using maps and diagrams. We also propose the ‘Ten modes of linguistic transformations associated with Human migrations.’ With this, the significance of the proposed term ‘Base Indo-European’ in lieu of the old term ‘Proto Indo-European’ will become abundantly clear to most readers. The approaches presented in this paper are somewhat superior to existing approaches, and as such are expected to replace them in the longer run. Detailed maps and notes demonstrating and explaining how linguistic transformations might have taken place in South Asia are available in this paper as understood from our previous research papers, and scholars from other parts of the world are invited to develop similar paradigms with regard to their home countries as far as the available data or evidence will allow them. This will help piece together a gigantic jig-saw puzzle, and lead to a revolution of sorts in the field, leading to a ripple-effect that will strongly impact several other related fields of study as well. We also re-emphasize our epigrammatic catch-phrases ‘The Globalization of Science’ and ‘Scientific Progress at the Speed of Light’, and attempt to show how the former will inexorably lead to the latter. This is done in a respectable level of detail, as zany and theoretical concepts gain respectability only if corroborated with real-world data from across the world. The end-result will be a transformation and a revolution in human knowledge, with inevitable cascading changes in cultural and social paradigms and relationships across nationalities and cultures, and rich rewards for scholars and students of Indo-European studies across the world.
2013-2015 OUR COMMON EUROPEAN ROOTS MEETINGS AND TOPICS
4th project meeting - 28th September – 3rd October 2014 at Liceo Classico Dante Alighieri,
Ravenna, Italy
Topic : “European linguistic roots: origin, evolution and present situation”.
Bilingualism As A Main Communication Factor For Integration Among Nations In ...SubmissionResearchpa
As we learn the history of language the national language requires understanding of the terms of fluent and linguistic methodology. Every language is primarily a historical necessity which changes the communication system. This information system is regulated or naturally will be developing by ages. Historically changes in Transoxiana region, modern Uzbekistan influenced in different forms and styles. In this paper work authors studied historical reformation of languages in this region. By centuries formation of the languages and their affect to the local communication and literature are studied. Moreover, authors clarified development of the Turkic language in Transoxiana and current reforms in education system which directed knowledge’s recognized internationally. by Dilnoza Sharipova, Nargiza Xushboqova, Mavjuda Eshpo’latova, Mukhabbat Toshmurodova, Dilfuza Shakirova and Dildora Toshova 2020. Bilingualism As A Main Communication Factor For Integration Among Nations In Transoxiana, Modern Uzbekistan. International Journal on Integrated Education. 2, 2 (Mar. 2020), 15-23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v2i2.258. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/258/251 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/258
Turkish Language and Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Languageinventionjournals
Turkish is a leading spoken and written language. Today, foreigners are taking increasingly more interest in Turkish owing to its 1500-year continuous and comprehensive history. However, an adequate background of Turkish in the literature of foreign language teaching and learning does not exist. Therefore, the field of teaching Turkish as a foreign language is relatively new in terms of the innovative methodology of instruction. As a language, Turkish is becoming more essential in education as well as in daily life due to the important role it plays in forming communication chains throughout the world. Turkish became even more popular after the Soviet Union’s break-up in 1991. In recent years, the fields of Turkic studies and teaching Turkish as a foreign language have received more attention throughout the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze some basic characteristics of the Turkish language and the history of teaching the Turkish language.
PPT on the Top 5 Oldest languages of the Worlddigitalace29
This is a PPT presentation that will give the information about the Top 5 Oldest languages of the world. The PPT presentation is having a link that will take you to the main article on the same
The Influence of the Arabic Language: The Muwashshah of Ibn Sahl Al-Andalusi ...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The muwashahat were the product of the popular Arabic literary tradition, but their progress is associated with social factors in the Andalusi setting. This article is an attempt to study the inspiration of the Arabic language focusing on a literary genre like the Arabic Andalusian Muwashshah as a legacy of the graceful language. The paper constitutes an endeavor to assess the motivation and influence of the Arabic tongue on the literary practice of Andalusia with reference to the muwashshah particularly a piece of poetry of the same genre by a leading poet, Ibrahim Ibn Sahl Al-Ishbili Andalusi. The researcher, in this paper, undertakes to show the perspicacity of some verses of Ibn Sahl as a case of the elegance of the Arabic tongue. Ibn Sahl‟s muwashshah is worthy of being not given enough attention principally his poetry as a legacy of the dignified Arabic tongue in a part of the European continent.As a suitable approach, the researcher applies the descriptive-analysis. The article commences with a succinct exploratory framework on the importance of the Arabic language and its bond with poetry because poetry is thejewelry of Knowledge. The next point gives a justified illustration on the Muwashshah as an impact of Arab Muslims. Then, it moves progressively to present some crucial notions on the poet Ibn Sahl Al Andalusi. After that, the study attempts to give an analysis on one of the muwashshah, trying to probe the depth of the language the poet applied. Through this portion, the researcher tries to find out the influence of the Arabic tongue and to exemplify the aptitudes of Ibn Sahl through lyrics. The article finishes with a concise conclusion précising the complete analysis and commenting on the recommendations if the researcher may recommend.
This study tries to highlight the historical development of Arabic throughout the centuries. It also presents some linguistic characteristics of Arabic with a slight comparison to Sana’ani Yemen Dialect. In addition, the study presents the diglossic situation of Arabic through discussing the social role played by both Modern Standard Arabic (henceforth MSA) and the different Arabic dialects in the Arab societies as well as the relationship between diglossia and education. Historically, the study shows that Arabic has been undergone different stages of development and progress over the centuries and the advent of Islam marks the real occurrence of Arabic as a standard language through the revelation of the Holy Quran which was revealed in Arabic. Such a remarkable turning point immensely contributed to transmitting Arabic from the unknown side of the history to be a world language. On the other hand, Arabic has unique linguistic characteristics which make it a distinctive language. Moreover, Arabic shares with other Semitic languages the root of pattern morphology which functions as a generator of Arabic words.
This presentation answers some questions like: ''How are languages planned in multilingual countries?, What is the role of TDK in Turkish language reform?, What are the processes of Language Planning?'' Language planning in Switzerland, Canada, India and USA is mentioned in this presentation.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
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One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
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- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...Neo4j
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Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
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Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
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Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
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2. The roots of Turkish language
The roots of the language
can be traced to the Altay
region, with the first known
written records dating back
nearly 1,300 years in the
Northern Siberian Altay
Mountain Range
3. By the beginning of the eleventh century most of
them who had reached the Middle East became
Muslim, and the literate among them adopted the
Arabo-Persian alphabet.
4. Their own language was rich in words necessary for
nomadic life, but it was deficient in terms for
philosophical, theological, and artistic concepts. For
these they resorted to Arabic and Persian.
5. Nomadic people brought the language with them as
they expanded out to Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan,
Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and a number of other
countries.
Today, the language is spoken by more than 83million
people around the world. In fact, out of all of the
Turkic languages, Turkish is the most commonly
spoken worldwide.
6. What kind of language Ottoman
was
Ottoman language was a mixture of Arabic, Persian,
and Turkish.
At heart it was Turkish; its accidence and syntax were
Turkish,
In pre-reform the language was:
Bir müsellesin mesaha-i sathiyesi, kaidesinin
irtifaına hâsıl-ı zarbinin nısfına müsavidir.
zaviyetan-ı matekabiletan-ı dahiletan (içters
açılar)
7. Why Ottoman language contained so
many vocabulary from Arabic and
Persian?
Members of the civil, military, and religious elites
conversed and conducted their business in Ottoman
Turkish. . At an official level, it was used for the
administration of the empire
Arabic remained the primary language of religion and
religious law .
Persian was the language of art, refined literature, and
diplomacy.
8. Did ottomans borrow only vocabulary
from Arabic and Persian?
Some of its grammar was taken from Arabic and
Persian
They borrowed Persian and Arabic plurals
E.g. Ervah,
Persian interposes an i between noun and qualifier,
and both conventions were adopted. Turkish adjectives
precede their nouns, but Arabic and Persian adjectives
follow them.
E.g. Bâb -i- âlî= gate and high
Ulüm-i tabiiye = Tabi ilimler
9. Why change the language?
The constituent parts--Turkish, Persian, and Arabic--
belong to three different language families--Ural-
Altaic, Indo-European, and Semitic, respectively--and
the writing system fits only Semitic.
Phonological, grammatical, and etymological
principles are quite different among the three families.
For these reasons, modernist intellectuals during the
nineteenth century began to call for a reform of the
language
10. After the establishment of Turkish
Republic
Atatürk made language reform an important part of
the nationalist program.
The goal was to produce a language that was more
Turkish and less Arabic, Persian, and Islamic; one that
was more modern, practical, and precise, and less
difficult to learn.
This process was to be accomplished through two basic
strategies--adoption of a new alphabet and
purification of the vocabulary.
11. New era in Turkish language
The language revolution (dil devrimi ) officially began
in May 1928, when numbers written in Arabic were
replaced with their Western equivalents. In November
the Grand National Assembly approved a new Latin
alphabet that had been devised by a committee of
scholars.
Many members of the assembly favored gradually
introducing the new letters over a period lasting up to
five years. Atatürk, however, insisted that the
transition last only a five months, and his opinion
prevailed
12. With chalk and a portable
blackboard, he traveled
throughout the country
giving writing lessons in the
new Latin alphabet in
schools, village squares, and
other public places to a
people whose illiteracy rate
was suddenly 100 percent
13.
14. On January 1, 1929, it became unlawful to use the
Arabic alphabet to write Turkish.
By replacing the Arabic with the Latin alphabet,
Turkey turned consciously toward the West and
effectively severed a major link with a part of its
Islamic heritage. By providing the new generation no
need or opportunity to learn Arabic letters, the
alphabet reform cut it off from Turkey's Ottoman past,
culture, and value system, as well as from religion
15. Second stage of the language
revolution
Atatürk and his language reformers viewed non-
Turkish words as symbols of the past.
They encouraged a national campaign, supported by
government policies, to purify the language.
Lexicographers began to drop Arabic and Persian
words from dictionaries.
16. "The Turkish Nation, which
knows how to protect its
territory and its sublime
independence, must also
liberate its language from
the yoke of foreign
languages".
17. The Turkish Language Society (Türk Dil Kurumu),
founded in 1932, supervised the collection and
dissemination of Turkish folk vocabulary and folk
phrases to be used in place of foreign words.
18. In October 1932 the word collecting began. Every
provincial Governor presided over a collection
committee, with the duty of organizing the collecting
of words in use among the people.
Within a year, over 35,000 such words were recorded.
Meanwhile, scholars had been combing through
dictionaries of Turkic Languages and more than 150
old texts in search of words that had fallen out of use
or had never been in use in Turkey - these totalled
close on 90,000.
19. Later, many officials realized that some of the
suggested reforms became ridiculous.
E.g. Kalem which was Arabic translated as;
yağuş oryazgaç or çizgiç or kavrı or kamış or yuvuş
Western word academy to be the Turkish ak adam: -
ak - white and adam - man (an Arabic word)
Niagara being explained as from Ne yaygara! - What
tumult!
and Amazon as from Ama uzun! - But it's long!
20. What happened when the equivalent words in
Turkish were not found
Atatürk resolved the problem with an ingenious
political invention that he suggested Sun-Language
Theory which was the "mother of all languages," and
that therefore all foreign words originally were Turkish
Thus, if a suitable Turkish equivalent for a foreign
word could not be found, the loanword could be
retained without violating the "purity" of the Turkish
language.
21. Some of them made terrible mistakes
millet - nation into Ulus (mongolian) but Uluş was
a genuine Turkish word
millî - national so they borrowed the French suffix -
el or -al , and they replaced millî national by ulusal.
22. By the late 1940s, considerable opposition to the
purification movement had emerged.
Teachers, writers, poets, journalists, editors, and
others began to complain publicly about the instability
of the officially sanctioned vocabulary.
In 1950 the Turkish Language Society lost its semi-
official status. Eventually, some Arabic and Persian
loanwords began to reappear in government
publications.
23. In Conclusion
The cost of language reform, however, has been a
drastic and permanent estrangement from the literary
and linguistic heritage of the Ottomans.
Language and language reform continue to be political
issues in Turkey
Language reform and modern usage have pushed
forward during periods of liberal governments and
been deemphasized under conservative governments
such as those of the 1980s.
The citizenry at large was invited to suggest alternatives to words and expressions of non-Turkish origin, and many responded. In 1934 lists of new Turkish words began to be published, and in 1935 they began to appear in newspapers.