The document discusses genetic engineering as a solution to global challenges in food security, sustainability, and resource management through methods like CRISPR/Cas9 and TALENs. It provides various examples of plant species that have been modified for traits such as abiotic stress tolerance, pest resistance, and nutritional improvement. The document emphasizes the precision, efficiency, and potential of these methods to revolutionize agriculture and improve crop resilience.

2.  As the global population continues to
grow and the challenges of food
security, environmental sustainability,
and resource scarcity become
increasingly pressing, genetic
engineering emerges as a powerful tool
for sustainable agriculture.
Introduction:

3. Source: Akram et al., 2023

5. ZFN(Zinc finger Nuclease) & TALEN(Transcription Activator-Like
Effector Nucleases).

6. Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation:

7. The implementation of genome
editing methodologies to
augment the tolerance of
different plant species towards
abiotic stresses.

8. Sl
No
.
Host Plant Sp. Target Traits
Targeted
Gene/
Sequence (s)
Result Method References
1.
Solanum
lycopersicum
Tolerance to
severe chilling
injury
SlCBF1
Transcription factor for
chilling injury
responses
CRISPR/Cas9
[Li R,et al., 2018,
Charve et al., 2018]
2. Oryza sativa
Cadmium
toxicity
tolerance
OsNRAMP
5
The role of the Natural
Resistance associated
Macrophage protein 5
(NRAMP5) in conferring
tolerance to Cadmium
toxicity.
CRISPR/Cas9
[Chang et al., 2020,
Chu et al., 2022]
3.
Oryza sativa,
Brassica Sp.
Salt
tolerance
PcINO1
Myo-inositol 1-phosphate
synthase (responsible for
salt tolerance)
CRISPR/Cas9
[Das-Chatterjee et
al., 2006]
4. Zea mays
Drought
tolerance
ARGOS8
Increased Crop Productivity
in Response to Drought
Stress in Field Environment
CRISPR/Cas9
[Tripathi et al.,
2014]

10. Sl No. Crop Gene used Target Insect Reference
1. Pigeon pea cry2Aa Pod borer [Baburao et al.,
2018]
2. Maize cry1Ab/cry2Aj Harmonia
axyridis
[Chang et al., 2017]
3. Cotton Vip3AcAa+
Cry1Ac
Helicoverpa
armigera
[Chen et al., 2018]
4. Cotton Vip3A and
VipCot proteins
Helicoverpa zea,
Heliothis
virescens
[Bommireddy et al.,
2011]
5. Rice cry1Aa or cry1Ab Stripe stem borer
Insect
[Breitler et al., 2004]

12. Sl No.
Host Plant
Sp.
Pathogen
Targeted
Gene/
Sequence (s)
Result Method Reference
1. Oryza sativa
Magnaporthe
oryzae
OsERF922/e
xon
Rice blast
resistance
CRISPR/Cas
9
[Wang et al.,
2016]
2.
Arabidopsis
thaliana
Potyvirus eIF(iso)4E
Potyvirus
resistance
CRISPR/Cas
9
[Pyott et al.,
2016]
3.
Triticum
aestivum
Blumeria
graminis f.
sp. Tritici
TaMLO-A1
Powdery
mildew
resistance
CRISPR/Cas
9
[Wang et al.,
2014]
4.
Solanum
lycopersicum
Phytophthora
capsici,
Xanthomonas
spp.
SlDMR6-
1/exon
phytophthora
blight,
bacterial spot
resistance
CRISPR/Cas
9
[Thomazella et
al., 2021]
5.
Malus
domestica
Erwinia
amylovora
DIPM 1, 2, 4
Fire blight
resistance
CRISPR/Cas
9
[Malnoy et al.,
2016]

14. Sl
No
.
Host Plant Sp.
Targeted Gene/
Sequence (s)
Result Method Reference
1.
Linum
usitatissimum
EPSPS Tolerance to Glyphosate CRISPR/Cas9 [Saurer et al., 2016]
2.
Nicotiana
tabacum
MEL1 Tolerance to herbicides ZFN [Cai et al., 2009]
3. Arabidopsis
ALS (Mutation at
Trp574/Ser653)
Herbicide tolerance via
non-homologous end
joining (NHEJ)
CRISPR/Cas9 [Li et al., 2016]
4. Oryza sativa EPSPS Glyphosate tolerance CRISPR/Cas9 [Li et al., 2016]
5.
Oryza sativa
TubA2 (Mutation at
Met268)
Adenine base editor for
Herbicide tolerance
CRISPR/Cas9 [Zhang et al., 2021]

16. Sl No. Improved
Crop
Target Traits
Targeted
Gene/
Sequence (s)
Result Method Reference
1. Oryza sativa
Nutritional
Quality
OsBADH22
Increased fragrance
content
TALEN
[Shan et al.,
2015]
2. Triticum aestivum Grain size TaGS5‐3A
Larger kernel size
and yield
CRISPR-Cas9
[Ma et al.,
2016]
3. Zea mays
Nutritional
improvement
ZmIPK
Phytic acid content
has decreased
CRISPR-Cas9,
TALEN
[Liang et al.,
2014]
4. Hordeum vulgare
Development and
yield
HvCKX1 Increase grain yield CRISPR-Cas9
[Holubová et
al., 2018]
5.
Solanum
lycopersicum
Nutritional
improvement
SlAN2
Biosynthesis of
anthocyanins in the
'Indigo Rose' purple
tomato cultivar
CRISPR-Cas9
[Zhi et al.,
2020]

17. Revolutionizing Genetics.
Precision and Efficiency.
Precision Crop
Improvement.
Accelerated Breeding
Programs.
Preservation of Biodiversity.

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