From April, the Indian government will launch an air quality index (AQI) that uses color codes to inform people about air pollution levels in Delhi and 10 other cities. However, experts say the AQIs may not accurately represent all areas because monitoring stations are limited. Most cities have only one monitoring station, while Delhi requires more stations to represent its large size. Additionally, more stations are needed to monitor PM 2.5, which is more harmful than PM10. The government aims to expand monitoring over time but needs more funding, as each station costs Rs. 1.5 crore.

1. From April, colour code
for air quality
Experts Say More Monitoring Sites Needed
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2. Contd..
From April, you will be able to tell at a glance whether the air is clean
enough to go out jogging. The Centre will launch an air quality index (AQI) in
Delhi and 10 other cities that will show poor, severe, moderate or good air
quality through different colours. While this is the first time the government
will directly inform people about air quality, experts say the AQIs may not be
applicable across locations as Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) does
not have enough monitoring stations.
CPCB has only one automatic monitoring station in eight of the 11 cities
being monitored. Although Delhi has the maximum--six each with CPCB and
Delhi Pollution Control Committee, and 10 under Ministry of Earth Sciences--
the picture they provide is not representative of the entire metropolis
(Beijing had 35 stations in 2012, Paris had about 60). In fact, Delhi high court
had on Wednesday expressed concern at the lack of monitoring stations in
Delhi.
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3. Contd..
Also, while CPCB mostly monitors PM10 (coarse pollution particles) in cities
other than Delhi, PM 2.5 (fine, respirable particles) is more harmful and is
linked to serious respiratory and cardiac conditions. “CPCB should have
invested in upgrading its real time air quality monitoring network with
properly calibrated equipment in each city ,“ said a scientist who did not
want to be named. CPCB does not have any automatic monitoring stations in
several states, including Madhya Pradesh and Odisha.
Sources in CPCB said the high price of equipment was holding up expansion
of the monitoring network. Each on line monitoring station is said to cost
about Rs 1.5 crore.
The team setting up AQIs is also facing “connectivity“ issues as readings from
the monitors have to be fed into the system being set up by an IIT Kanpur
team.
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5. Contd..
“Both the online monitors often stop functioning and the connectivity is
poor so data cannot be sent every hour,“ said an official.
Another limitation of the AQI for now is that it is not actionable. While it will
colour code air quality , it won't tell people what to do when the air is
heavily polluted.
Activists have been demanding that health advisories be included in the
index. In Beijing, for instance, if PM2.5 levels remain between 150 and 250
micrograms per cubic metre for three days, factories are asked to shut down.
And if the PM2.5 level stays above 250 micrograms per cubic metre for three
days, schools and kindergartens are asked to close. “Air pollution levels and
corresponding health impacts need to be certified by the health ministry ,
Public Health Foundation of India or institutions like AIIMS. Our role is to
inform people about air quality,“ CPCB chief Shashi Shekhar told TOI, but he
added that they hope to issue health advisories within a year.
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6. Contd..
The Centre has recently asked all public sector undertakings to fund
installation of online air monitoring stations in cities with more than 10
lakh population. “Their response is positive,“ said Shekhar, adding, “We
know we have only one monitoring station in many cities but the idea
is to inform people so that they make behavioural changes like using
buses and Metro, and not buying diesel vehicles.“
Experts say the Centre should begin its AQI with whatever data it has
and upgrade air quality monitoring in a time-bound manner. “I think
the AQI has a lot to do with public sensitization. Even if they start with
only one station per city , it can make people aware of the importance
of air quality information,“ said Anumita Roy Chowdhury , head of
Clean Air campaign at the Centre for Science and Environment.
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