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Visit us:
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Freudian Psychoanalysis And Indian Psychology- Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic ...IndicaToday
Indic academy initiative for publishing content on Shastraas, Indic Knowledge Systems & Indology and to showcase the activities of Indic Academy.
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The Pantheon Of The Indian Saura Tradition -Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic Know...IndicaToday
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CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 127 05/11/17 04:03 PM
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
6.1 HINDUISM
• Understand how Hinduism arose in India.
• De!ne brahmin, samsara, atman, karma, and Brahman.
• Identify the structure of the Vedas and its main components.
• Summarize the main themes of the Upanishads, and explain the process of
samara and karma and how they relate to atman, Brahman, and moksha.
• Explain what the Bhagavad-Gita is and how it di"ers in content from the
Upanishads.
• Explain the principal di"erences between the Hindu philosophies known as
Vedanta and Samkhya.
• Discuss some of the ways that modernity has a"ected Hinduism.
6.2 BUDDHISM
• Discuss the main ways that the Buddha’s views di"ered from the orthodox
beliefs of the times.
• Explain the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths.
• De!ne anatta, dukkha, ahimsa, and anicca.
• Explain the concept of nirvana and how Buddhism says it can be attained.
6.3 DAOISM
• Explain how the concept of the Dao parallels certain ideas in Western philosophy.
• Discuss the concept of wu-wei and how some Daoists try to integrate it into
their lives.
6.4 CONFUCIANISM
• Know why Confucianism is called a humanistic doctrine, and explain what
Confucius hoped his teachings would do.
• De!ne li and ren, and explain how these concepts !t into Confucianism.
• De!ne !lial piety and what it means in practice to Confucians.
• Understand the Confucian attitude toward family and community, personal
freedom, and individual rights.
Eastern !ought
CHAPTER 6
128 CHAPTER 6 Eastern Thought
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 128 05/11/17 04:03 PM
Among the great religions of the East—Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
Daoism, and others—we find just what we would expect in religious traditions:
sacred texts, spiritual journeys, mystical symbols, otherworldly stories, inspired dev-
otees, and saintly leaders. But if we look closer, we can see something else: a vibrant
tradition of philosophical inquiry. !e major religions of the West have had their
share of philosophers, and so have the main religious traditions of the East.
!roughout the centuries Asian thinkers working inside (or alongside) their
religion have addressed problems in epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, philosophy
of language, and logic—all standard areas of study found in Western philosophy.
!e result is that, laboring independently, they have tried to provide answers to
large questions that also happen to be subjects of intellectual exploration in the
West. Remarkably, many of their answers parallel those given by their Western
counterparts, or they entail philosophically interesting alternatives, or they chal-
lenge theories or perspectives that are widely accepted outside Asia. !e Buddha
taught that the self is merely a collection of attributes (not a persisting substance
or soul); so did the British empiricist David Hume. Hindu thinkers have debated
the worth of arguments for and against the existence of the divine; the ...
This document outlines learning objectives for understanding Hinduism. It discusses analyzing the history and core teachings of Hinduism, identifying its sacred scriptures, explaining worship practices, discussing beliefs and doctrines, and understanding its subdivisions. It also describes drawing and presenting a Hindu god or goddess, with a four point description explaining the selection. In closing, it briefly notes that Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions originating in India along the Indus River Valley.
India has a rich and diverse philosophical tradition dating back to the composition of the
Upanishads in the later Vedic period. According to Radhakrishnan, the oldest of these constitutes the earliest philosophical compositions of the world. Indian philosophy will be explained in detail in this guide
Hinduism originated around 3000 BCE in India and has over 1 billion adherents worldwide, making it the third largest religion. It emerged as a combination of the beliefs of indigenous Indian people and beliefs brought by Aryan invaders between 1750-1200 BCE. The Vedas are the most sacred texts, consisting of hymns, mantras, and rituals. The Upanishads contain early philosophical statements that formed the basis of later Hindu philosophy. Together these texts establish the central concepts of dharma, samsara, karma, moksha, and beliefs in Brahman, Atman, and reincarnation that characterize Hinduism.
3. Hinduism ArticleHinduism Religion Of Humanity and Peaceby p.docxrhetttrevannion
This document summarizes a research article that examines the relationships between enterprise risk management practices, competitive advantage, financial literacy, and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises. The study tests a model with enterprise risk management practices influencing competitive advantage and firm performance, competitive advantage partially mediating the relationship between enterprise risk management practices and firm performance, and financial literacy moderating the relationship between enterprise risk management practices and competitive advantage. The results indicate that enterprise risk management practices positively impact competitive advantage and firm performance, and financial literacy strengthens the effect of enterprise risk management practices on competitive advantage.
Sri Aurobindo And India’s Rebirth- A Book By Michel Danino- Indica Today,Sha...IndicaToday
The document discusses a book about Sri Aurobindo and India's rebirth written by Michel Danino. It summarizes that Sri Aurobindo believed India's future should be rooted in its ancient past rather than blindly adopting Western ideals. The book carefully selects Sri Aurobindo's writings to represent his views on India's glorious past, the tumultuous present of his time, and an optimistic future where a spiritual India could be the hope for a divine future rather than Western materialism. It encourages readers to learn more about Sri Aurobindo through exploring the book and visiting the Indic Academy website.
Freudian Psychoanalysis And Indian Psychology- Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic ...IndicaToday
Indic academy initiative for publishing content on Shastraas, Indic Knowledge Systems & Indology and to showcase the activities of Indic Academy.
Visit us:
https://www.indica.today/
The Pantheon Of The Indian Saura Tradition -Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic Know...IndicaToday
Indic academy initiative for publishing content on Shastraas, Indic Knowledge Systems & Indology and to showcase the activities of Indic Academy.
Visit us:
https://www.indica.today/
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 127 05/11/17 04:03 PM
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
6.1 HINDUISM
• Understand how Hinduism arose in India.
• De!ne brahmin, samsara, atman, karma, and Brahman.
• Identify the structure of the Vedas and its main components.
• Summarize the main themes of the Upanishads, and explain the process of
samara and karma and how they relate to atman, Brahman, and moksha.
• Explain what the Bhagavad-Gita is and how it di"ers in content from the
Upanishads.
• Explain the principal di"erences between the Hindu philosophies known as
Vedanta and Samkhya.
• Discuss some of the ways that modernity has a"ected Hinduism.
6.2 BUDDHISM
• Discuss the main ways that the Buddha’s views di"ered from the orthodox
beliefs of the times.
• Explain the Buddha’s Four Noble Truths.
• De!ne anatta, dukkha, ahimsa, and anicca.
• Explain the concept of nirvana and how Buddhism says it can be attained.
6.3 DAOISM
• Explain how the concept of the Dao parallels certain ideas in Western philosophy.
• Discuss the concept of wu-wei and how some Daoists try to integrate it into
their lives.
6.4 CONFUCIANISM
• Know why Confucianism is called a humanistic doctrine, and explain what
Confucius hoped his teachings would do.
• De!ne li and ren, and explain how these concepts !t into Confucianism.
• De!ne !lial piety and what it means in practice to Confucians.
• Understand the Confucian attitude toward family and community, personal
freedom, and individual rights.
Eastern !ought
CHAPTER 6
128 CHAPTER 6 Eastern Thought
vau28703_ch06_127-160.indd 128 05/11/17 04:03 PM
Among the great religions of the East—Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism,
Daoism, and others—we find just what we would expect in religious traditions:
sacred texts, spiritual journeys, mystical symbols, otherworldly stories, inspired dev-
otees, and saintly leaders. But if we look closer, we can see something else: a vibrant
tradition of philosophical inquiry. !e major religions of the West have had their
share of philosophers, and so have the main religious traditions of the East.
!roughout the centuries Asian thinkers working inside (or alongside) their
religion have addressed problems in epistemology, ethics, metaphysics, philosophy
of language, and logic—all standard areas of study found in Western philosophy.
!e result is that, laboring independently, they have tried to provide answers to
large questions that also happen to be subjects of intellectual exploration in the
West. Remarkably, many of their answers parallel those given by their Western
counterparts, or they entail philosophically interesting alternatives, or they chal-
lenge theories or perspectives that are widely accepted outside Asia. !e Buddha
taught that the self is merely a collection of attributes (not a persisting substance
or soul); so did the British empiricist David Hume. Hindu thinkers have debated
the worth of arguments for and against the existence of the divine; the ...
This document outlines learning objectives for understanding Hinduism. It discusses analyzing the history and core teachings of Hinduism, identifying its sacred scriptures, explaining worship practices, discussing beliefs and doctrines, and understanding its subdivisions. It also describes drawing and presenting a Hindu god or goddess, with a four point description explaining the selection. In closing, it briefly notes that Hinduism is one of the world's oldest religions originating in India along the Indus River Valley.
India has a rich and diverse philosophical tradition dating back to the composition of the
Upanishads in the later Vedic period. According to Radhakrishnan, the oldest of these constitutes the earliest philosophical compositions of the world. Indian philosophy will be explained in detail in this guide
Hinduism originated around 3000 BCE in India and has over 1 billion adherents worldwide, making it the third largest religion. It emerged as a combination of the beliefs of indigenous Indian people and beliefs brought by Aryan invaders between 1750-1200 BCE. The Vedas are the most sacred texts, consisting of hymns, mantras, and rituals. The Upanishads contain early philosophical statements that formed the basis of later Hindu philosophy. Together these texts establish the central concepts of dharma, samsara, karma, moksha, and beliefs in Brahman, Atman, and reincarnation that characterize Hinduism.
3. Hinduism ArticleHinduism Religion Of Humanity and Peaceby p.docxrhetttrevannion
This document summarizes a research article that examines the relationships between enterprise risk management practices, competitive advantage, financial literacy, and firm performance in small- and medium-sized enterprises. The study tests a model with enterprise risk management practices influencing competitive advantage and firm performance, competitive advantage partially mediating the relationship between enterprise risk management practices and firm performance, and financial literacy moderating the relationship between enterprise risk management practices and competitive advantage. The results indicate that enterprise risk management practices positively impact competitive advantage and firm performance, and financial literacy strengthens the effect of enterprise risk management practices on competitive advantage.
Sri Aurobindo And India’s Rebirth- A Book By Michel Danino- Indica Today,Sha...IndicaToday
The document discusses a book about Sri Aurobindo and India's rebirth written by Michel Danino. It summarizes that Sri Aurobindo believed India's future should be rooted in its ancient past rather than blindly adopting Western ideals. The book carefully selects Sri Aurobindo's writings to represent his views on India's glorious past, the tumultuous present of his time, and an optimistic future where a spiritual India could be the hope for a divine future rather than Western materialism. It encourages readers to learn more about Sri Aurobindo through exploring the book and visiting the Indic Academy website.
Indian philosophy refers to philosophical traditions originating in India, including Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain philosophy. Indian philosophy schools are classified as either orthodox or heterodox based on whether they accept the Vedas and Devas. The six orthodox schools are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, and Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta). The three heterodox schools are Buddhist philosophy, Jain philosophy, and Carvaka philosophy.
This document provides an overview of some key differences between Hinduism and Islam. Both religions believe in a supreme god, either Brahma or Allah, but they differ in their central texts (Vedas vs. Quran) and views on the afterlife. Hindus believe in samsara and moksha, while Muslims believe in judgment after death. They also have different traditions, with Hindus practicing rituals, yoga, and allowing for multiple manifestations of gods, while Islam strictly follows the teachings of Allah and prohibits idolatry.
Elements of Religion: Hinduism Element #1 Creed.pptxMelchorFactor1
Hinduism originated in India between 1500-500 BCE and has over 1 billion followers worldwide. Hindus believe in an eternal soul that is reincarnated based on karma, with the goal of achieving moksha or release from the cycle of rebirth. Key beliefs include devotion to the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva; belief in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha; and that spiritual liberation can be achieved through various paths including bhakti (devotion), jnana (wisdom), and karma-yoga (selfless service). The Vedas are Hinduism's most ancient scriptures.
This document provides an overview of Indian philosophy, including key texts, time periods, concepts, and philosophical systems. It discusses the origins of philosophical inquiry in ancient Hindu scriptures from 1500 BC. The four Vedas, Upanishads, and subsequent epics and sutra texts are outlined. Key concepts discussed include Brahman, atman, monism vs dualism, and the six orthodox schools of philosophy that emerged during the sutra period. An outline of the major time periods and some notable modern Indian philosophers is also provided.
This document provides an overview of the history and key concepts of Hinduism. It discusses the origins and evolution of the term "Hindu" from referring geographical to referring to a religious identity. It then outlines some of the major periods and developments in Hinduism, including the emergence of core beliefs and philosophies. This includes explanations of concepts like dharma, karma, moksha, and the major Hindu deities like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. It also summarizes the nine basic beliefs and teachings of Hinduism according to one scholar. Finally, it briefly outlines the three stages in the development of Hindu philosophy from the early religious texts to the systematic philosophical schools to modern neo-Hindu philosophy
Adi Shankaracharya life history and his teachings
Adi Shankaracharya was an 8th-century Indian philosopher and theologian who is widely regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Hinduism. He is credited with reviving and reorganizing Hinduism, and for his contributions to the development of Advaita Vedanta, one of the major schools of Hindu philosophy.
Adi Shankaracharya was born in a Brahmin family in the southern Indian state of Kerala. At a young age, he displayed remarkable intelligence and a deep interest in spirituality. He became a disciple of a renowned spiritual teacher, Govinda Bhagavatpada, who initiated him into the teachings of Vedanta.
At the age of 16, Adi Shankaracharya left home to travel across India, engage in spiritual practices, and engage in philosophical debates with scholars of other schools of thought. Over the course of his travels, he wrote numerous commentaries on the ancient Hindu scriptures, including the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Brahma Sutras.
Adi Shankaracharya's teachings emphasized the importance of realizing the oneness of the individual self (Atman) with the universal self (Brahman). He believed that the ultimate goal of human life was to achieve liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death, and that this could be accomplished through the practice of spiritual disciplines such as meditation, self-inquiry, and devotion to God.
One of Adi Shankaracharya's most famous teachings is the doctrine of Maya, which holds that the world is an illusion created by the mind, and that true reality lies beyond the realm of the senses. He also emphasized the importance of selfless service to others, and believed that spiritual practice should be grounded in a commitment to social justice and the betterment of society as a whole.
Adi Shankaracharya's influence on Hinduism and Indian philosophy has been immense. His teachings continue to inspire millions of people around the world, and his legacy as a great spiritual teacher and thinker lives on to this day.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Ayn Rand's theory of ethical egoism. It summarizes Rand's biography and key works promoting egoism. Rand believed ethics applies solely to humans and the criterion for determining the moral value of actions is whether they help or harm one's own life and interests. While plants and animals act instinctively to survive, humans can conceptualize and choose their actions. The document examines Rand's arguments for egoism and introduces an alternative theory called ego-altruism that balances self-interest and consideration for others.
The document discusses the origins and development of early civilizations in India. It describes the Indus Valley Civilization as one of the earliest centers of farming in modern-day Pakistan. It also discusses the Indo-European migrations into northern India that introduced the Indo-Aryan culture and languages. This new group influenced later Indian history through their strong religious and cultural impact, including texts like the Vedas and the Sanskrit language. Southern India maintained distinct Dravidian languages and Tamil culture, isolated from the migrations.
This document summarizes the ideologies of the Indian National Congress (INC), Muhammad Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah regarding nationalism and the formation of Pakistan. It explains that while the INC ideology viewed all Indians as a single nation, Iqbal and Jinnah believed Muslims constituted a separate nation based on Islamic religious and cultural identity. Iqbal elaborated the concept of an Islamic ideological state based on principles of khudi (self-awareness) and Ummah (global Muslim community). He advocated for autonomous Muslim-majority regions in British India to safeguard political and religious rights of Indian Muslims.
This document discusses key aspects of Hinduism, including its scriptures. It begins by explaining that the Vedas are the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism, containing eternal spiritual truths revealed to ancient sages. It describes the four Vedas and their subdivisions, and explains they contain knowledge of duties, worship, and spiritual wisdom. The document emphasizes the Vedas are considered eternal, impersonal revelations from God, not authored by humans. It provides an overview of other important Hindu scriptures and the six orthodox and four secular categories of Sanskrit literature.
This document provides an overview of Indian and Chinese philosophy and education. It discusses the origins and key concepts of several major philosophical schools in India including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Cārvāka. The six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy - Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, and Vedanta - are summarized. The document also discusses political philosophy in India, the influence of Indian philosophy on Western thinkers, and concludes with brief summaries of Hinduism and Buddhism as the two major religions that originated in India.
What is Dharma -Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic Knowledge Systems,Indology.pptxIndicaToday
Indic academy initiative for publishing content on Shastraas, Indic Knowledge Systems & Indology and to showcase the activities of Indic Academy.
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Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism by Rajiv Malhotr...Ajai Singh
India’s integrity is being undermined by three global networks that have well-established operating bases inside India: (i) Islamic radicalism linked with Pakistan, (ii) Maoists and Marxist radicals supported by China via intermediaries such as Nepal, and (iii) Dravidian and Dalit identity separatism being fostered by the West in the name of human rights. This book focuses on the third: the role of U.S. and European churches, academics, think-tanks, foundations, government and human rights groups in fostering separation of the identities of Dravidian and Dalit communities from the rest of India.
Lecture 1 Ideology.ppt Pakistan studies the Islamia University of bahawalpur ...sadiqnawaab
1) The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan, outlining key components like common religion, culture, and causes. It examines the importance of ideology in motivating progress and mutual duties.
2) The two-nation theory is explained, with quotes from Jinnah and Gandhi discussing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. Figures like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Allama Iqbal are cited for their contributions to the ideology.
3) Jinnah's speeches emphasizing that Muslims are a separate nation and Islam as a complete code of life are discussed as crystallizing the case for an independent Pakistan based on the two-nation theory.
This document provides an overview of Hindu scriptures and texts. It discusses that Hinduism's primary scriptures are the Vedas, consisting of the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, and Atharva Veda. It notes that each Veda contains samhitas, brahmanas, aranyakas, and Upanishads. It also highlights the importance of other Hindu texts like the Bhagavad Gita and the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. In a few concise paragraphs, the document succinctly outlines the core Hindu scriptures and how they are categorized within the tradition.
Dasha Mahavidyas- Part I Indica Today Shastraas Indic Knowledge Systems In...IndicaToday
Indic academy initiative for publishing content on Shastraas, Indic Knowledge Systems & Indology and to showcase the activities of Indic Academy.
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Indian philosophy originated in ancient India and consists of several traditions of philosophical thought. It conceives of humans as spiritual beings related to a spiritual or metaphysical universe. Intuition, rather than intellect, is seen as the path to ultimate truth. The key schools of thought include orthodox Hindu schools like Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta as well as heterodox schools like Carvaka, Buddhism, and Jainism. Indian philosophy has developed over periods from the Vedic era to the modern day, addressing concepts like the nature of reality, the self, karma, rebirth, liberation and different paths to enlightenment.
Being Different by Rajiv Malhotra - Book review Ajai Singh
This book review summarizes Rajiv Malhotra's book "Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism" which analyzes philosophical, cultural, and civilizational differences between India and the West. Some key differences discussed include:
1) Indian religions emphasize embodied spiritual experiences over adherence to religious texts or prophets, allowing for flexibility and diversity. Western religions rely more on historical texts and centralized authority.
2) The dharmic tradition emphasizes integral unity and interconnectedness, while Western traditions see God and creation as separate.
3) Indigenous Indian traditions were more adaptable to local contexts, while Western religions aimed to convert others and destroy native practices.
4) Key Sanskrit concepts like
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating in India. It has no single founder or religious authorities but includes a diversity of spiritual beliefs and traditions. Key texts include the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita. Central concepts are dharma, karma, moksha, and samsara. Hindus worship many personal gods like Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesha and Devi. Yoga originated in ancient India and has four main paths - jnana, bhakti, karma, and raja yoga. Issues in Hinduism include the role of women, poverty, and child marriage.
Islamic Psychology and the Call for Islamization of Modern Psychology (Journa...Mohd Abbas Abdul Razak
The shifting of paradigms in modern psychology has left modern men in a state
of confusion on the issues pertaining to what should be the paramount concern
of psychology and in the proper understanding on the topic of human nature. In a contrastive manner Islamic psychology which has been promoted by Muslim
scholars alongside with the process of Islamization of knowledge and education, has its roots in the philosophical ideas of early Muslim scholars. Its resurgence, which started some two decades ago, is seen as an initiative to introduce Islamic understanding on man to the conflicting ideas prevalent in modern psychology. Its approach, which is mainly philosophical in nature, goes back to the ideas on
man mentioned in the two primary sources of Islam, the Qur’an and Hadith. Islamic psychology with its comprehensive ideas on human nature has been seen by Muslim scholars as a new perspective in psychology that can fill in the lacunae present in the modern psychological thoughts on man, and clears the mist that surrounds most Western theories on man. This paper represents anattempt to analyze and also synthesize Western psychology and Islamic psychology in terms of their nature, development, contributions, and problems.
Harappan Site A Miniature Depiction In Seals- Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic K...IndicaToday
The document discusses a Harappan site and how it is depicted symbolically on an Indus seal. The seal shows a miniature representation of the Harappan site layout, including structures that correlate to divisions of a Vedic yajna shala used for sacrifices. Specifically, the first symbol on the seal seems to depict the "Granary of Harappa" site in miniature form, showing the brick structures and subdivisions within used for purification rituals and animal sacrifices as part of big Vedic yajnas performed by priestly classes.
Vratyas In Indus Seals – II - Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic Knowledge Systems,...IndicaToday
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Indian philosophy refers to philosophical traditions originating in India, including Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain philosophy. Indian philosophy schools are classified as either orthodox or heterodox based on whether they accept the Vedas and Devas. The six orthodox schools are Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, and Uttara Mimamsa (Vedanta). The three heterodox schools are Buddhist philosophy, Jain philosophy, and Carvaka philosophy.
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Hinduism originated in India between 1500-500 BCE and has over 1 billion followers worldwide. Hindus believe in an eternal soul that is reincarnated based on karma, with the goal of achieving moksha or release from the cycle of rebirth. Key beliefs include devotion to the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva; belief in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha; and that spiritual liberation can be achieved through various paths including bhakti (devotion), jnana (wisdom), and karma-yoga (selfless service). The Vedas are Hinduism's most ancient scriptures.
This document provides an overview of Indian philosophy, including key texts, time periods, concepts, and philosophical systems. It discusses the origins of philosophical inquiry in ancient Hindu scriptures from 1500 BC. The four Vedas, Upanishads, and subsequent epics and sutra texts are outlined. Key concepts discussed include Brahman, atman, monism vs dualism, and the six orthodox schools of philosophy that emerged during the sutra period. An outline of the major time periods and some notable modern Indian philosophers is also provided.
This document provides an overview of the history and key concepts of Hinduism. It discusses the origins and evolution of the term "Hindu" from referring geographical to referring to a religious identity. It then outlines some of the major periods and developments in Hinduism, including the emergence of core beliefs and philosophies. This includes explanations of concepts like dharma, karma, moksha, and the major Hindu deities like Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva and Devi. It also summarizes the nine basic beliefs and teachings of Hinduism according to one scholar. Finally, it briefly outlines the three stages in the development of Hindu philosophy from the early religious texts to the systematic philosophical schools to modern neo-Hindu philosophy
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Adi Shankaracharya was an 8th-century Indian philosopher and theologian who is widely regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the history of Hinduism. He is credited with reviving and reorganizing Hinduism, and for his contributions to the development of Advaita Vedanta, one of the major schools of Hindu philosophy.
Adi Shankaracharya was born in a Brahmin family in the southern Indian state of Kerala. At a young age, he displayed remarkable intelligence and a deep interest in spirituality. He became a disciple of a renowned spiritual teacher, Govinda Bhagavatpada, who initiated him into the teachings of Vedanta.
At the age of 16, Adi Shankaracharya left home to travel across India, engage in spiritual practices, and engage in philosophical debates with scholars of other schools of thought. Over the course of his travels, he wrote numerous commentaries on the ancient Hindu scriptures, including the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, and the Brahma Sutras.
Adi Shankaracharya's teachings emphasized the importance of realizing the oneness of the individual self (Atman) with the universal self (Brahman). He believed that the ultimate goal of human life was to achieve liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death, and that this could be accomplished through the practice of spiritual disciplines such as meditation, self-inquiry, and devotion to God.
One of Adi Shankaracharya's most famous teachings is the doctrine of Maya, which holds that the world is an illusion created by the mind, and that true reality lies beyond the realm of the senses. He also emphasized the importance of selfless service to others, and believed that spiritual practice should be grounded in a commitment to social justice and the betterment of society as a whole.
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This document provides an overview and analysis of Ayn Rand's theory of ethical egoism. It summarizes Rand's biography and key works promoting egoism. Rand believed ethics applies solely to humans and the criterion for determining the moral value of actions is whether they help or harm one's own life and interests. While plants and animals act instinctively to survive, humans can conceptualize and choose their actions. The document examines Rand's arguments for egoism and introduces an alternative theory called ego-altruism that balances self-interest and consideration for others.
The document discusses the origins and development of early civilizations in India. It describes the Indus Valley Civilization as one of the earliest centers of farming in modern-day Pakistan. It also discusses the Indo-European migrations into northern India that introduced the Indo-Aryan culture and languages. This new group influenced later Indian history through their strong religious and cultural impact, including texts like the Vedas and the Sanskrit language. Southern India maintained distinct Dravidian languages and Tamil culture, isolated from the migrations.
This document summarizes the ideologies of the Indian National Congress (INC), Muhammad Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah regarding nationalism and the formation of Pakistan. It explains that while the INC ideology viewed all Indians as a single nation, Iqbal and Jinnah believed Muslims constituted a separate nation based on Islamic religious and cultural identity. Iqbal elaborated the concept of an Islamic ideological state based on principles of khudi (self-awareness) and Ummah (global Muslim community). He advocated for autonomous Muslim-majority regions in British India to safeguard political and religious rights of Indian Muslims.
This document discusses key aspects of Hinduism, including its scriptures. It begins by explaining that the Vedas are the most sacred scriptures of Hinduism, containing eternal spiritual truths revealed to ancient sages. It describes the four Vedas and their subdivisions, and explains they contain knowledge of duties, worship, and spiritual wisdom. The document emphasizes the Vedas are considered eternal, impersonal revelations from God, not authored by humans. It provides an overview of other important Hindu scriptures and the six orthodox and four secular categories of Sanskrit literature.
This document provides an overview of Indian and Chinese philosophy and education. It discusses the origins and key concepts of several major philosophical schools in India including Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, and Cārvāka. The six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy - Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Purva Mimamsa, and Vedanta - are summarized. The document also discusses political philosophy in India, the influence of Indian philosophy on Western thinkers, and concludes with brief summaries of Hinduism and Buddhism as the two major religions that originated in India.
What is Dharma -Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic Knowledge Systems,Indology.pptxIndicaToday
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Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism by Rajiv Malhotr...Ajai Singh
India’s integrity is being undermined by three global networks that have well-established operating bases inside India: (i) Islamic radicalism linked with Pakistan, (ii) Maoists and Marxist radicals supported by China via intermediaries such as Nepal, and (iii) Dravidian and Dalit identity separatism being fostered by the West in the name of human rights. This book focuses on the third: the role of U.S. and European churches, academics, think-tanks, foundations, government and human rights groups in fostering separation of the identities of Dravidian and Dalit communities from the rest of India.
Lecture 1 Ideology.ppt Pakistan studies the Islamia University of bahawalpur ...sadiqnawaab
1) The document discusses the ideology of Pakistan, outlining key components like common religion, culture, and causes. It examines the importance of ideology in motivating progress and mutual duties.
2) The two-nation theory is explained, with quotes from Jinnah and Gandhi discussing religious and cultural differences between Hindus and Muslims. Figures like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Allama Iqbal are cited for their contributions to the ideology.
3) Jinnah's speeches emphasizing that Muslims are a separate nation and Islam as a complete code of life are discussed as crystallizing the case for an independent Pakistan based on the two-nation theory.
This document provides an overview of Hindu scriptures and texts. It discusses that Hinduism's primary scriptures are the Vedas, consisting of the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda, and Atharva Veda. It notes that each Veda contains samhitas, brahmanas, aranyakas, and Upanishads. It also highlights the importance of other Hindu texts like the Bhagavad Gita and the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata. In a few concise paragraphs, the document succinctly outlines the core Hindu scriptures and how they are categorized within the tradition.
Dasha Mahavidyas- Part I Indica Today Shastraas Indic Knowledge Systems In...IndicaToday
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Indian philosophy originated in ancient India and consists of several traditions of philosophical thought. It conceives of humans as spiritual beings related to a spiritual or metaphysical universe. Intuition, rather than intellect, is seen as the path to ultimate truth. The key schools of thought include orthodox Hindu schools like Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Samkhya, Yoga, Mimamsa and Vedanta as well as heterodox schools like Carvaka, Buddhism, and Jainism. Indian philosophy has developed over periods from the Vedic era to the modern day, addressing concepts like the nature of reality, the self, karma, rebirth, liberation and different paths to enlightenment.
Being Different by Rajiv Malhotra - Book review Ajai Singh
This book review summarizes Rajiv Malhotra's book "Being Different: An Indian Challenge to Western Universalism" which analyzes philosophical, cultural, and civilizational differences between India and the West. Some key differences discussed include:
1) Indian religions emphasize embodied spiritual experiences over adherence to religious texts or prophets, allowing for flexibility and diversity. Western religions rely more on historical texts and centralized authority.
2) The dharmic tradition emphasizes integral unity and interconnectedness, while Western traditions see God and creation as separate.
3) Indigenous Indian traditions were more adaptable to local contexts, while Western religions aimed to convert others and destroy native practices.
4) Key Sanskrit concepts like
Hinduism is one of the oldest religions in the world originating in India. It has no single founder or religious authorities but includes a diversity of spiritual beliefs and traditions. Key texts include the Vedas, Upanishads, and Bhagavad Gita. Central concepts are dharma, karma, moksha, and samsara. Hindus worship many personal gods like Vishnu, Shiva, Ganesha and Devi. Yoga originated in ancient India and has four main paths - jnana, bhakti, karma, and raja yoga. Issues in Hinduism include the role of women, poverty, and child marriage.
Islamic Psychology and the Call for Islamization of Modern Psychology (Journa...Mohd Abbas Abdul Razak
The shifting of paradigms in modern psychology has left modern men in a state
of confusion on the issues pertaining to what should be the paramount concern
of psychology and in the proper understanding on the topic of human nature. In a contrastive manner Islamic psychology which has been promoted by Muslim
scholars alongside with the process of Islamization of knowledge and education, has its roots in the philosophical ideas of early Muslim scholars. Its resurgence, which started some two decades ago, is seen as an initiative to introduce Islamic understanding on man to the conflicting ideas prevalent in modern psychology. Its approach, which is mainly philosophical in nature, goes back to the ideas on
man mentioned in the two primary sources of Islam, the Qur’an and Hadith. Islamic psychology with its comprehensive ideas on human nature has been seen by Muslim scholars as a new perspective in psychology that can fill in the lacunae present in the modern psychological thoughts on man, and clears the mist that surrounds most Western theories on man. This paper represents anattempt to analyze and also synthesize Western psychology and Islamic psychology in terms of their nature, development, contributions, and problems.
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The document discusses a Harappan site and how it is depicted symbolically on an Indus seal. The seal shows a miniature representation of the Harappan site layout, including structures that correlate to divisions of a Vedic yajna shala used for sacrifices. Specifically, the first symbol on the seal seems to depict the "Granary of Harappa" site in miniature form, showing the brick structures and subdivisions within used for purification rituals and animal sacrifices as part of big Vedic yajnas performed by priestly classes.
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Freudian Psychoanalysis And Indian Psychology- Indica Today,Shastraas,Indic Knowledge Systems,Indology.pptx
1.
2. Indic academy initiative
for publishing content on
Shastraas, Indic
Knowledge Systems &
Indology and to
showcase the activities
of Indic Academy.
Visit us:
https://www.indica.today/
3. We publish Quick Reads
(articles of less than 1500
words), Long Reads
(articles with word counts
between 1500 and 4000),
Research Papers (more
than 8000 words) and Book
Reviews. We currently
publish in English, Hindi,
Kannada, Telugu and
Sanskrit.
5. From an Indian perspective a variety of
positions exist with regard to the application
of Freudian psychoanalysis, namely,
application without any modifications for the
cultural context and culturally modified
applications with deep understanding and
regard for the Indian contexts. While the
former position is evident in the works of
Gananath Obeyesekere and Sudhir Kakar, the
latter position, which can be termed as
ethnopsychological application of Freudian
psychoanalysis, is manifested in the works of
Frederick Smith, Alan Roland, and Stanley
Kurtz.
6. Freud and Religion: The Dilemma
According to Daniel Pals (2006, p.80),
Freud’s major theories about religion are
based on his understanding of Judeo-
Christian traditions that have a strong
emphasis on a single fatherly divine
godhead. Since Asian (and other non-
Western) religious traditions are different
from Western religions with many divine
figures, motherly goddesses and nature
gods, Freudian theories need to be
substantially revised for non-Western
contexts
7. Asian patients, spirituality as a core
dimension of the human psyche has
rarely been acknowledged in Freudian
psychoanalysis. Freud carried forth the
Enlightenment views demystifying
religion and exalting a rational secularism
and science in his views of religion