Fresh water pollution can occur through various sources and have negative impacts. There are different types of water pollution including chemical, microbiological, nutrients, and oxygen-depletion. Pollution comes from both point sources like pipes, and non-point sources like agricultural runoff. Effects include destruction of biodiversity, contamination of the food chain, and increased human diseases. Sustainable water management includes conservation efforts, water reuse, and reducing waste from agriculture, municipalities, and industry.

1. Fr e
a
sh
nd
Fr esh WATer
PO LLUT IO N
C A P T . L A V A 3

2. FRESH WATER
ABOUT 97.4% found in
the ocean is saltwater
remaining 2.6%
water is freshwater

3. FRESH WATER
Water is solvent.
In nature, water is
“Never completely
pure”

4. WATER
RESOURCES
PROBLEMS

5. • Too much water
• river’s discharge cannot be contained
• Too little water
 Arid lands – lack of precipitation
 Semiarid lands- are subject to
frequent and prolonged droughts
• Poor quality water
• change of domestic and industrial effluent
wastes, leakage from water tanks, marine
dumping, radioactive waste and atmospheric
deposition

6. FRESHWATERPOLLUTION
The World Health Organization (WHO)
says that polluted water is a water whose
composition has changed to the extent
that it is unusable.

7. TYPES OF
WATER
POLLUTIONS

8. CHEMICAL POLLUTION
-Chemical contaminants are elements or
compound.
-Naturally occurring or man-made
Examples of chemical contaminants
nitrogen
bleach
salts
pesticides
metals
toxins p r o d u c e d by bacteria
a n d h u m a n or a n i m a l drugs.

9. GROUNDWATER
Occurs when
man-made
products get
into the
groundwater and
cause it to
become unsafe
and unfit for
human use.

10. MICROBIOLOGICAL
POLLUTION
-Organisms in water.
-Microbes or microbiological contaminants.
Examples of biological or microbial contaminants
include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, a nd parasites.

11. NUTRIENTS POLLUTION
-too many nutrients, mainly nitrogen and
phosphorus are added to bodies of water and can
act like fertilizer, causing excessive growth of algae.
-also the process is known an
eutrophication.

12. OXYGEN-DEPLETION
POLLUTION
- there's a decrease in concentration of
dissolved oxygen in a waterbody
downstream
-caused by the uptake of oxygen by
bacteria, fungi and invertebrates as they
break down the pollutants by aerobic
decomposition also known as oxygen sag.

13. SURFACEWATER
POLLUTION
- contaminants who primarily impact the
physical appearance or other physical
properties of water.

14. SO U RC ES O F
W A T E R
PO LLU TIO N

15. POINT POLLUTION
- easy to identify, it comes
from a single place
NON POINT POLLUTION
- Harder to identify, it comes
from many different places
ex:
pipes and drainage
ex:
road salt, sediments,
nitrate fertilizer, motor oil.

16. HOW
POLLUTANT
IMPACTS WATER
QUALITY AND
FRESHWATE
R SPECIES

17. -It can smother the habitats of
freshwater species
-Algal blooms shows up a coloured scum
on the water surface.
-It make freshwater cloudy and
degrade water quality
-Pathogens
-Heavy metals

18. EFFEC TS O F
W A T E R
PO LLU TIO N

19. DESTRUCTIONOF BIODIVERSITY
-depletes aquatic ecosystems and triggers
unbridled proliferation of phytoplankton
CONTAMINATIONOF THEFOOD CHAIN
-use of waste water for livestock farming and
agriculture can introduce toxins into foods

20. DISEASES
- exposing them to disease such as cholera,
hepatitis A and dysentery.
LACKOF PORTABLEWATER
-billion of people no access to clean
water to drink or sanitation, particularly in
rural areas.
INFANT MORTALITY
-diarrheal diseases linked to lack of
hygiene that causes death

21. WATER
MANAGEMENT

22. SUSTAINABLEWATERUSE
-means careful
human use of water
resources.
-Economic policies
in managing water
sustainably.
-Investment in
water facilities for
clean water.

23. Water supplies are obtained by the following:
-building dams
-diverting watere
-desalinization
Conservation of water includes:
-reusing water
-recycling water
-improving water-use efficiency

24. WATER
SUPPLIES

25. Dams generate
electricity and
ensure a year-
round supply of
water for
populations.
DAMS AND RESERVOIRS

26. REDUCE AGRICULTURAL WATER
WASTE
-irrigation
-micro-irrigation, also called drip or trickle
irrigation

27. WATER
CONSERVATION

28. -Recycle or reuse water
-Providing consumer education
-Legislate for Water Waste Prevention.
REDUCEMUNICIPAL WATERWASTE

29. -electric power generators and many industrial
processes
-recapture, purify, and reuse water
REDUCEINDUSTRY WATERWASTE

30. SO, WHAT IS THE
SIGNIFICANCE OF
THIS TOPIC TO OUR
RELATED COURSE?

31. WE ARE NOW
READY TO ANSWER
YOUR QUERIES