As part of a webinar series on Open Research in Ireland, the National Open Research Forum (NORF) presented a webinar focused on Open Access to research publications on 4 May 2021. This presentation on the French national Open Access policy was delivered by Marin Dacos (Open Science Advisor, French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation).

1. n
04/05/2021
FRENCH NATIONAL OPEN ACCESS POLICY
Marin Dacos – National Coordinator for Open Science
for the Director general of research and innovation
Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation - FRANCE

2. Digital Republic Law
October 2016
1. Publications : a new right for authors
Article 30 : When a research is 50% publicly
funded, the author retains the right to publish in
open repositories 6 (STM) to 12 months (HSS)
after publication.
2. Data : a new duty for universities and research
performing organizations
Article 6 : open data should be the default for all
publicly funded data, including research.

4. The national of open science plan commitments
Direction de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de l’Insertion Professionnelle
Direction de la Recherche et de l’Innovation
4
First commitment: generalize open
access to publications
1. Make open access mandatory for
project when publishing articles
and books resulting from
government-funded calls for
projects.
2. Create a National Open Science
fund to develop bibliodiversity.
3. Support the HAL national open
repository
Second commitment: structure
research data and (when possible)
make it available through open access
4. Make open access dissemination
mandatory for research data resulting
from government-funded projects.
5. Create the position of Chief Research
Data Officer and the corresponding
network within the research institutions.
6. Promote the adoption of an Open Data
policy for articles published by
researchers.
Third commitment: be part of a
sustainable european and international
open science dynamic
7. Develop open science skills, especially
in postgraduate schools.
8. Encourage research performing
organisations and universities to adopt
open science policies.
9. Actively contribute to structuring
European data in the European Open
Science Cloud and by participating in GO
FAIR.

5. French Open Science Committee
Comité pour la science ouverte
President : Nicolas Chaillet
Director-General for Research and Innovation

6. A - Open Science Steering committee
Role : decisions
B - Open science Executive board
Role : coordination
C- Open Science working groups
Role : recommandations
D - Online Open Science Forum
Role : feedbacks and discussions
Director general for research and innovation +
Presidents of major resarch performing organisations
+ Presidents of major universities
14 people
24 people
80 people
300 people
Sherpas from all organisations in the board +
experts coming from the permanent groups.
4 permanent groups : Publications, Research data,
Skills, European and International coordination.
20 projects groups
Public call for interest. 50% researchers. 41% STM.
48% universities. 55% women.
French Open Science Committee
Comité pour la science ouverte

7. Open Access
1. Make open access mandatory for projects
when publishing articles and books resulting from government-funded calls for projects. Example : ANR.
2. Create a National Open Science fund
One of the objectives of the fund is to develop bibliodiversity (not to pay article processing charges - APC)
3. Support the HAL national open repository
Develop bibliodiversity
• Explore new business models for open access journals and books.
• Encourage university presses and publishing houses that make their publications available through
open access.
• When publication charges are required, they should be paid only to fully open access publications.

8. National Open Science Fund
- Aim : support open access, develop bibliodiversity
- Budget : starting at 3,6M€/year in 2019 with 1M€ coming from Elsevier savings
- Yearly call, 22 projects funded for the first year

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DGRI
TITRE DE LA PRÉSENTATION
www.ouvrirlascience.fr
marin.dacos@recherche.gouv.fr
Twitter : @marindacos
https://jussieucall.org/

10. Jussieu Call for Open science and bibliodiversity
04/05/2021
10
1 “Open Access must be
complemented by support for
the diversity of those acting
in scientific publishing – what
we call bibliodiversity –
putting an end to the
dominance of a small number
among us imposing their
terms to scientific
communities;
7 the scientific communities
must be able to access
national and international
infrastructures which
guarantee the preservation
and circulation of knowledge
against any privatization of
contents. Business models
should be found which preserve
their long-term continuity;
8 priority should be given to
business models that do not
involve any payments,
neither for authors to have
their texts published nor for
readers to access them. Many
fair funding models exist and
only require to be further
developed and extended:
institutional support, library
contributions or subsidies,
premium services, participatory
funding or creation of open
archives, etc.
We, stakeholders of Open Access scientific publishing, hereby claim that:

12. EXAMPLARITY CRITERIA for funding from the
National Open Science Fund

13. Open Access in general and Plan S in particular : one
size does not fits all
We recommand the co-existence of different roads:
•in an open archive that is permanent and recognized by the various scientific
communities (“green mode”);
•open access publishing based on fair, transparent, and economically sustainable
business models
•With publication fees (“gold APC” model) : there are high risks with this model.
•Without publication fees (“diamond” model).

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17. Sustainability Coalition for
Open Science Services
French
contribution:
450K€
Need for other
national/local
contributions

18. Some major
French open access initiatives
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18

19. HAL
• 800 000 open access publications
• National
• Episcience (overlay journals)
• ScienceConf (events)
04/05/2021
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20. OpenEdition
04/05/2021
20
1 000 000 open access publications (HSS)
550 journals
11 000 books
4000 academic blogs
46 000 academic events
96 million visits in 2020

21. Centre Mersenne
04/05/2021
21
The Centre Mersenne for Open
Scientific Publishing aims at
supporting and fostering open
access scientific publishing. It offers
tools and services for scholars and
editorial teams of open access
journals formatted with LaTeX.
21 journals, including “Comptes
rendus de l’Académie des sciences”

22. Peer Community In
04/05/2021
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23. Persee.fr
100+ digitized journals
04/05/2021
23

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25. DOAB
Directory
of open access books
04/05/2021
25

26. Some models for open access
without article processing charges APC
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“Subscribe to Open” (S2O) is a
pragmatic approach for
converting subscription journals
to open access—free and
immediate online availability of
research—without reliance on
either article processing
charges (APCs) or altruism.”
“S2O relies on existing library
subscription procurement
processes. The model provides
a realistic and immediate route
to opening a vast body of
research output that would
otherwise remain gated.”
S2O allows publishers to
convert journals from
subscriptions to OA, one year
at a time. Using S2O, a
publisher offers a journal’s
current subscribers continued
access. If all current
subscribers participate in the
S2O offer (simply by not opting
out) the publisher opens the
content covered by that year’s
subscription. If participation is
not sufficient—for example, if
some subscribers delay
renewing in the expectation that
they can gain access without
participating—then that year’s
content remains gated.”

28. Membership
programs
28

29. Public funding
Operated by public publishers or by private service providers
Direction de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de l’Insertion Professionnelle
Direction de la Recherche et de l’Innovation
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30. Public funding + Freemium
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31. French Open Science Plan
impact

33. French Open Science Monitor
An open monitor for open science based on open data and open methodology
Publication
date:
41%
49%
56%

34. French Open Science Monitor
An open monitor for open science based on open data and open methodology:
Année
de publication :
41%
49%
56%

35. French Open Science Monitor
An open monitor for open science based on open data and open methodology
Année
de publication :
41%
49%
56%

36. Disciplinary
distribution
The disciplinary distribution is
useful : we use it to adapt our
policy on the diversity of
situations and to promote open
science is resistant
communities.

37. No competition
between the
different open
access
roads
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38. Exemple of the bank
“Crédit Mutuel”.
At least 99,000
accesses have been
identified from this
bank over 18 months,
mainly on 18,000
different articles.
This is similar to the
usage of the whole
University of
Lausanne.
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Open access impact in HSS :
usage by private companies

39. Some messages beyond open access
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40. Next stages for the French Open Science Monitor
• OSM 1 : dedicated to publications.
Started 2018.
• OSM 2 : for health research : clinical trials.
Starting late 2021.
• OSM 3 : for research data and code.
Starting 2022.
• OSM 4 : monitoring the open science policies at
university / RPO level.
Starting 2022-2023.
• OSM 5 : impact of open science on society.
Starting 2023.
We would be interested in contributing to an international open science monitor

41. « Principles for Open Scholarly Infrastructures »
https://openscholarlyinfrastructure.org/ 41
Do not
forget…

42. Help to mutualise open science services and infrastructures

43. The Open Data Advantage for articles with
supplementary material
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44. The need for research on research
 It is more than needed on disciplinary level
 Discussion inside G7 Open Science Working group
 France will start its own Open Science Lab
 A research on research roadmap should be defined
 This will not only provide KPIs, but also knowledge
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45. In the future : a national platform for research data
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46. Thank you !
marin.dacos@recherche.gouv.fr
Twitter : @marindacos (French)
@openmarin (English)

47. Bibliography about open data advantage
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1. Colavizza, Giovanni, Iain Hrynaszkiewicz, Isla Staden, Kirstie Whitaker, et Barbara McGillivray. 2020. « The
Citation Advantage of Linking Publications to Research Data ». PLOS ONE 15 (4): e0230416.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230416.
2. Henneken, Edwin A., et Alberto Accomazzi. 2011. « Linking to Data - Effect on Citation Rates in Astronomy ».
arXiv:1111.3618 [astro-ph], novembre. http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.3618.
3. Jon Sears. 2011. « Data Sharing Effect on Article Citation Rate in Paleoceanography ». Données & analyses.
https://fr.slideshare.net/JonSears1/data-sharing-effect-on-article-citation-rate-in-paleoceanography.
4. Piwowar, Heather A., Roger S. Day, et Douglas B. Fridsma. 2007. « Sharing Detailed Research Data Is Associated
with Increased Citation Rate ». PLOS ONE 2 (3): e308. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000308.
5. Piwowar, Heather A., et Todd J. Vision. 2013. « Data Reuse and the Open Data Citation Advantage ». PeerJ 1
(octobre): e175. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.175.
6. Zhang, Liwei, et Liang Ma. 2021. « Does Open Data Boost Journal Impact: Evidence from Chinese Economics ».
Scientometrics, février. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-03897-z.