Globalization has increased international trade and freight movement through the use of standardized shipping containers. The containerization of freight began in 1956 and led to larger container ships that can carry over 14,000 containers. Major ports like Los Angeles and Long Beach are over capacity, and finding solutions like expanding rail and developing new ports is critical to handle the projected 350% increase in containerized cargo by 2020. Investing over $130 billion is needed to maintain and improve US freight infrastructure to support continued global trade.

1. Globalization And Freight Movement Alex Bond April 8, 2009

5. Intermodal Freight

6. World Container Ship Evolution TEU Capacity 8,600 TEU 1,700 TEU 2,305 TEU 3,220 TEU 4,848 TEU 5th Generation (2000 - 2006) Super Post Panamax 1st Generation (Pre-1960 - 1970) 2nd Generation (1970 - 1980) 3rd Generation (1985) 4th Generation (1986 - 2000) Ideal X Panamax Post Panamax Full Cellular 6th Generation (2006-2012) Ultra Post Panamax 12,000+ TEU

7. M/V Emma Maersk - 1,300 feet long, 184 feet wide - Holds up to 14,000 TEUs - 18 to 24 crew members

8. M/V Emma Maersk vs. SS Knock Nevis

10. GDP vs. TEU Growth

14. Top U.S. Container Ports World Rank Name TEUs (millions) 10 Los Angeles, CA 7.48 11 Long Beach, CA 6.71 17 New York/New Jersey 4.79 37 Oakland, CA 2.26 44 Seattle, WA 2.09 46 Tacoma, WA 2.07 48 Norfolk, VA 1.99 49 Charleston, SC 1.98 52 Savannah, GA 1.90 58 Houston, TX 1.58

18. Great Circle

23. Who Wins?

25. Alex Bond al [email_address] CUTR Room 130