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- 1. Encryption Technology Karve Nagar,Pune -52 SYLLABUS FOR MS SQL SERVER .Net by SHASHANK SIR 02065000957/8087155500 Visit us at www.encryptiontechnology.in RDBMS BASICS: WHAT MAKES UP A SQL SERVER DATABASE? An Overview of Database Objects The Database Object The Transaction Log The Most Basic Database Object: Table Filegroups Diagrams Views Stored Procedures User-Defined Functions Sequences Users and Roles Rules Defaults User-Defined Data Types Full-Text Catalogs SQL Server Data Types NULL Data SQL Server Identifiers for Objects What Gets Named? Rules for Naming LEARNING THE TOOLS OF THE TRADE Getting Help with Books Online SQL Server Configuration Manager Service Management Network Configuration The Protocols On to the Client SQL Server Management Studio Getting Started with the Management Studio Interacting Through the Query Window SQL Server Data Tools (formerly BIDS) SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS) SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS) Bulk Copy Program (BCP) SQL Server Profiler sqlcmd PowerShell THE FOUNDATION STATEMENTS OF T-SQL Getting Started with a Basic SELECT Statement The SELECT Statement and FROM Clause The WHERE Clause ORDER BY Aggregating Data Using the GROUP BY Clause Placing Conditions on Groups with the HAVING Clause Outputting XML Using the FOR XML Clause Making Use of Hints Using the OPTION Clause The DISTINCT and ALL Predicates Adding Data with the INSERT Statement Multirow Inserts The INSERT INTO . . . SELECT Statement Changing What You’ve Got with the UPDATE Statement The DELETE Statement JOINS Combining Table Data with JOINs Selecting Matching Rows with INNER JOIN How an INNER JOIN Is Like a WHERE Clause Retrieving More Data with OUTER JOIN The Simple OUTER JOIN Dealing with More Complex OUTER JOINs Seeing Both Sides with FULL JOINs Understanding CROSS JOINs Exploring Alternative Syntax for Joins An Alternative INNER JOIN An Alternative OUTER JOIN An Alternative CROSS JOIN Stacking Results with UNION CREATING AND ALTERING TABLES Object Names in SQL Server Schema Name (aka Ownership) The Database Name Naming by Server Reviewing the Defaults The CREATE Statement CREATE DATABASE Building a Database CREATE TABLE The ALTER Statement ALTER DATABASE ALTER TABLE The DROP Statement Using the GUI Tool Creating a Database Using the Management Studio Backing into the Code: Creating Scripts with the Management Studio KEYS AND CONSTRAINTS Types of Constraints Domain Constraints Entity Constraints Referential Integrity Constraints Constraint Naming Key Constraints Primary Key Constraints Foreign Key Constraints UNIQUE Constraints CHECK Constraints DEFAULT Constraints Defining a DEFAULT Constraint in Your CREATE TABLE Statement Adding a DEFAULT Constraint to an Existing Table Disabling Constraints Ignoring Bad Data When You Create the Constraint Temporarily Disabling an Existing Constraint Rules and Defaults — Cousins of Constraints Rules Dropping Rules Defaults Dropping Defaults Determining Which Tables and Data Types Use a Given Rule or Default Triggers for Data Integrity Choosing What to Use ADDING MORE TO YOUR QUERIES What Is a Subquery? Building a Nested Subquery Building Correlated Subqueries How Correlated Subqueries Work Dealing with NULL Data — the ISNULL Function Derived Tables Using Common Table Expressions (CTEs) Using the WITH Keyword Using Multiple CTEs Recursive CTEs Using the EXISTS Operator Filtering with EXISTS Using EXISTS in Other Ways Mixing Data Types: CAST and CONVERT Synchronizing Data with the MERGE Command The Merge Command in Action A Brief Look at BY TARGET versus BY SOURCE Gathering Affected Rows with the OUTPUT Clause Through the Looking Glass: Windowing Functions ROW_NUMBER RANK, DENSE_RANK, and NTILE One Chunk at a Time: Ad Hoc Query Paging Performance Considerations Measuring Performance JOINs versus Subqueries versus CTEs versus BEING NORMAL: NORMALIZATION AND OTHER BASIC DESIGN ISSUES Understanding Tables Keeping Your Data “Normal” Before the Beginning The First Normal Form The Second Normal Form The Third Normal Form Other Normal Forms Understanding Relationships One-to-One Zero or One-to-One One-to-One or Many One-to-Zero, One, or Many Many-to-Many Diagramming Databases Tables Creating Relationships in Diagrams Denormalization Beyond Normalization Keep It Simple Choosing Data Types Err on the Side of Storing Things Drawing Up a Quick Example Creating the Database Adding the Diagram and the Initial Tables Adding the Relationships Adding Some Constraints SQL SERVER STORAGE AND INDEX STRUCTURES SQL Server Storage The Database The Extent The Page Rows
- 2. Encryption Technology Karve Nagar,Pune -52 SYLLABUS FOR MS SQL SERVER .Net by SHASHANK SIR 02065000957/8087155500 Visit us at www.encryptiontechnology.in Sparse Columns Understanding Indexes B-Trees How Data Is Accessed in SQL Server Creating, Altering, and Dropping Indexes The CREATE INDEX Statement Creating XML Indexes Implied Indexes Created with Constraints Creating Indexes on Sparse and Geospatial Columns Choosing Wisely: Deciding Which Index Goes Where and When Selectivity Watching Costs: When Less Is More Choosing That Clustered Index Column Order Matters Covering Indexes Filtered Indexes ALTER INDEX Dropping Indexes Taking a Hint from the Query Plan Why Isn’t Your Index Being Used? Use the Database Engine Tuning Advisor Maintaining Your Indexes Fragmentation Identifying Fragmentation versus Likelihood of Page Splits VIEWS Creating Simple Views Views as Filters Editing Views with T-SQL Dropping Views Creating and Editing Views in the Management Studio Creating Views in Management Studio Editing Views in the Management Studio Auditing: Displaying Existing Code Protecting Code: Encrypting Views About Schema Binding Making Your View Look Like a Table with VIEW_METADATA Indexed (Materialized) Views Indexing an Aggregate View WRITING SCRIPTS AND BATCHES Understanding Script Basics Selecting a Database Context with the USE Statement Declaring Variables Setting the Value in Your Variables Reviewing System Functions Retrieving IDENTITY Values Generating SEQUENCES Using @@ROWCOUNT Grouping Statements into Batches A Line to Itself Each Batch Is Sent to the Server Separately GO Is Not a T-SQL Command Errors in Batches When to Use Batches Running from the Command Prompt: sqlcmd Dynamic SQL: Using the EXEC Command Generating Your Code on the Fly Understanding the Dangers of Dynamic SQL Using Control-of-Flow Statements The IF . . . ELSE Statement The CASE Statement Looping with the WHILE Statement The WAITFOR Statement Dealing with Errors with TRY/CATCH Blocks STORED PROCEDURES Creating the Sproc: Basic Syntax An Example of a Basic Sproc Changing Stored Procedures with ALTER Dropping Sprocs Parameterizing Sprocs Declaring Parameters Confirming Success or Failure with Return Values How to Use RETURN More on Dealing with Errors Handling Inline Errors Making Use of @@ERROR Using @@ERROR in a Sproc Handling Errors Before They Happen Manually Raising Errors Re-throwing Errors Adding Your Own Custom Error Messages What a Sproc Offers Creating Callable Processes Using Sprocs for Security Sprocs and Performance Extended Stored Procedures (XPs) A Brief Look at Recursion Debugging Starting the Debugger Parts of the Debugger Taking a Break: Breakpoints Using the Debugger Once It’s Started Understanding .NET Assemblies When to Use Stored Procedures USER-DEFINED FUNCTIONS What a UDF Is UDFs Returning a Scalar Value UDFs That Return a Table Inline UDFs Understanding Determinism Debugging User-Defined Functions Using .NET in a Database World TRANSACTIONS AND LOCKS Understanding Transactions ACID Transactions Introducing Transaction Operations Using BEGIN TRAN Using COMMIT TRAN Using ROLLBACK TRAN Using SAVE TRAN How the SQL Server Log Works Using the Log for Failure and Recovery Activating Implicit Transactions Understanding Locks and Concurrency Clarifying the Purpose of Locks Defining Lockable Resources Lock Escalation and Lock Effects on Performance Understanding Lock Modes Clarifying Lock Compatibility Specifying a Specific Lock Type — Optimizer Hints Setting the Isolation Level Setting READ COMMITTED Setting READ UNCOMMITTED Setting REPEATABLE READ Setting SERIALIZABLE Setting SNAPSHOT Dealing with Deadlocks (aka “a 1205”) How SQL Server Figures Out There’s a Deadlock How Deadlock Victims Are Chosen Avoiding Deadlocks TRIGGERS What Is a Trigger? ON WITH ENCRYPTION FOR|AFTER The FOR|AFTER versus the INSTEAD OF Clause NOT FOR REPLICATION AS Using Triggers for Data Integrity Rules Dealing with Requirements Sourced from Other Tables Using Triggers to Check the Delta of an Update Using Triggers for Custom Error Messages Other Common Uses for Triggers Other Trigger Issues Triggers Can Be Nested Triggers Can Be Recursive Triggers Don’t Prevent Architectural Changes Triggers Can Be Turned Off without Being Removed Trigger Firing Order INSTEAD OF Triggers Performance Considerations Triggers Are Reactive Rather Than Proactive Triggers Don’t Have Concurrency Issues with the Process that Fires them Using IF UPDATE() and COLUMNS_UPDATED Keep It Short and Sweet Don’t Forget Triggers When Choosing Indexes Try Not to Roll Back within Triggers Dropping Triggers Debugging Triggers FOR MORE INFORMATION JUST CALL ON 02065000957 8087155500 www.encryptiontecnology.in