Frankenstein has been adapted to film since 1910, starting with one of the earliest American short films based on Mary Shelley's original novel. Some of the most notable Frankenstein films include the 1957 film Curse of Frankenstein, which was the first color film to depict Victor Frankenstein creating a monster using parts from dead people. A 1984 cartoon film showed Victor Frankenstein learning about electrical impulses and using that knowledge to revive his pet. More recently, the 1994 film Mary Shelley starred Robert De Niro and was directed by Kenneth Branagh, portraying an adaptation of Shelley's original novel.