Frailty Presentation.pptx
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This document discusses frailty and its impact on treatment outcomes. It begins by defining frailty as a lack of physiological reserve to withstand stressor events, and describes common frailty manifestations like falls and delirium. It notes that frailty can help predict short-term outcomes for COVID-19 patients and is associated with higher mortality and institutional discharge from critical care. However, it also acknowledges limitations in assessing frailty and cautions against rationing care solely based on frailty scores, given frailty is influenced by socioeconomic factors. The document concludes that frailty assessments can guide shared decision-making if used appropriately, but have the potential to reinforce inequality if not considered holistically.
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Running head:RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 5
Research Proposal on Security and Privacy of Health Data
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Research Proposal on Security and Privacy of Health Data
Summary of the Research
The health sector is important because it ensures the health of the populace. Over the years, there has been digitization of health data with the aim of enabling faster efficient and effective delivery of healthcare services. Digitization of health care enables faster retrieval of health records hence facilitates faster and informed healthcare decisions (Nass, Levit & Gostin, 2009). Due to the importance of digitization of healthcare data, big healthcare data emerged; it changed the way data was previously managed (Abouelmehdi, Beni-Hessane & Khaloufi, 2018). The availability of big healthcare data comes with privacy and security challenges that must be solved. In cognizance of the challenges, the research focuses on identifying mechanisms used in ensuring the security and the limitations of available solutions and how they can be improved amidst increasing amount of healthcare data.
Outline of the Research
The Introduction to the Research
· Overview of healthcare data
· Justification of the research
· Research objectives
· Research questions
Review of Literature
· The differences between privacy and security of health data
· Data protection laws in relation to health
· Privacy and security concerns of health data
· Technologies use in privacy and security of health data
i. Authentication
ii. De-identification
iii. Encryption
iv. Data masking
v. Access control
vi. Monitoring and auditing
· Challenges of existing technologies
Methodology
· Sample selection
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Research Findings and Discussion
Recommendations
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Conclusion
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· Considerations for future research
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Name
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Summary of the Research
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- 1. Frailty and Its Impact on Treatment Outcomes ROHAN PHILIP (FY1)
- 2. Introduction
- 3. What is Frailty? Physiological reserve to withstand and survive acute ‘stressor events’ Manifestations of frailty/frailty syndromes: Falls Immobility Delirium Incontinence Susceptibility to medications
- 4. Why Is it Important? Proportion of frail people are increasing (1)
- 5. NICE Guidelines in COVID-19(1)
- 6. Clinical Frailty Score (CFS)
- 7. Does Frailty Affect Treatment Outcomes Frailty could be helpful in predicting short-term adverse outcomes in patients admitted with COVID-19 (3) In this study, odds for 7-day mortality increased, by CFS group in observational data from the UK (3) Frailty in critical care is associated with increased mortality and higher likelihood of discharge to another institution (4)
- 8. Limitations and Caveats (1) Pre-COVID, those with frailty (by CFS standards) were frequently offered critical care treatments Canadian Metanalysis: 30%(4) Retrospective ANZ Study – 39.7(5) Good Outcomes?: (5) 88% survived to hospital discharge 55% were discharged to their own homes and a further 24% were discharged to a rehabilitation facility
- 9. Limitations and Caveats (2) Significant Limitation: incongruence between assessors(6)
- 10. Is It Appropriate to Ration Care Based on Frailty? Frailty is distributed across socioeconomic gradients(7) Environmental factors and social determinants shape health in old age
- 11. Conclusion If used appropriately, the use of CFS will contribute to shared decision- making based on the likelihood of short-term survival One major limitation of the CFS, as applied in the current NICE guideline, is that it has the potential to reinforce established patterns of inequality More informative and less discriminatory than chronological age alone
- 12. Suggestions for Future Projects Potential audit of compliance in Nervecentre Rockwood Score entries/TEP form completion
- 13. References 1. COVID-19 rapid guideline: Managing COVID-19 - The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2. Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C et al. ‘A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people’ CMAJ 2005 (173) pg: 489-95 3. Hewitt J, Carter B, Vilches-Moraga A et al. ‘The effect of frailty on survival in patients with COVID- 19 (COPE): a multicentre, European, observational cohort study Lancet Public Health 2020; 1–8 4. Muscedere, J., Waters, B., Varambally, A., Bagshaw, S.M., Boyd, J.G., Maslove, D., Sibley, S. and Rockwood, K., 2017. The impact of frailty on intensive care unit outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive care medicine, 43(8), pp.1105-1122. 5. Darvall, J.N., Bellomo, R., Paul, E., Subramaniam, A., Santamaria, J.D., Bagshaw, S.M., Rai, S., Hubbard, R.E. and Pilcher, D., 2019. Frailty in very old critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand: a population‐based cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia, 211(7), pp.318-323. 6. Pugh, R.J., Battle, C.E., Thorpe, C., Lynch, C., Williams, J.P., Campbell, A., Subbe, C.P., Whitaker, R., Szakmany, T., Clegg, A.P. and Lone, N.I., 2019. Reliability of frailty assessment in the critically ill: a multicentre prospective observational study. Anaesthesia, 74(6), pp.758-764. 7. Lang, I.A., Hubbard, R.E., Andrew, M.K., Llewellyn, D.J., Melzer, D. and Rockwood, K., 2009. Neighborhood deprivation, individual socioeconomic status, and frailty in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57(10), pp.1776-1780.