Fracture (Ayoub)

Fracture
Prepare by :
M.Sc. Ayoub A. Abdulmajeed
Tuesday, August 4, 2020
And its NURSING MANAGEMENT

Fracture
• A fracture is a break in the continuity of
bone
and is defined according to its type and
extent.

Causes of fracture
Accident,
trauma
Bone tumor
Osteoporosis
Calcium and
vit. D deficiency
Causes of fracture

Types of fracture
1. Complete
2. Incomplete
3. Closed
4. Open
5. Pathologic

Types of fracture
Complete fracture
A break across the entire
cross-section
of the bone.

Types of fracture
Incomplete fracture
The break occurs through only
part of the cross-section of
the bone.

Types of fracture
Closed fracture
(simple fracture) is one that does
not cause a break in the skin.

Types of fracture
Open fracture
(compound, or complex,
fracture) is one in which the skin or
mucous membrane wound extends to the
fractured bone.

Types of fracture
Pathologic fracture
It occurs through the area of
disease bone.

Pattern of fracture
1. Transverse
2. Oblique
3. Spiral
4. Comminuted
5. Depression
6. Avulsion
7. Greenstick
8.Impacted
10.Fracture dislocation

Clinical manifestations
1. Pain
2. Loss of function
3. Deformity
4. Shortening
5. Crepitus
6. Swelling and discoloration
7. Muscle spasm
8. Tenderness

Diagnostic evaluation of fracture
• X- ray
• Blood studies – decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit
• Arthroscopy – joint involvement
• Angiography – blood vessels injury
• Electromyogram – nerve injury

Management

Emergency Management of
Fractures
• If fracture is suspected, immobilized the fracture site by using the
splint to prevent movement of fracture fragments that causes pain,
bleeding and soft tissue damage.
• Splint may be used in the forms of leg by bandaging the legs
together with unaffected leg serving as a splint for the injured
one.

If upper extremity is fracture, bandage to the chest or may
be placed in a slings.

Emergency Management of
Fractures
• Before and after splinting neurovascular status
should be assessed to determine the adequacy of
peripheral tissue perfusion and nerve function.
• With a open fracture, cover with a sterile dressing
to prevent contamination.

Immobilization
• Immobilization may be accomplished by external or internal fixation.
• Methods of external fixation include
Bandages
Casts
splints
continuous traction
• Metal implants used for internal fixation serve as internal splints
to immobilize the fracture.

Splints
• Splints are used for immobilizing fractures; either temporary during transportation or for
definitive treatment.
• Soft materials. Towels, blankets, or pillows, tied with bandaging
materials or soft cloths.
• Rigid materials. A board, metal strip, folded magazine or newspaper,
or other rigid item.

1. Support the injured area.
2. Splint injury in the position
that you find it.
3. Don’t try to realign bones.
4. Check for color, warmth, and
sensation.
5. Immobilize above and below the
injury.
Guidelines for Splinting

Advantage of splints
1. Stabilize ,limit movement
2. Reduces pain
3. Prevents damage to muscles, nerves and blood vessels
4. Reduces bleeding and swelling
Splints

Closed fracture
• Before splinting remove any ring or bangles
worn by the patient.

Splints with open fractures
 Cover wounds before
applying splint

Traction
1. Skin traction-
• Bucks traction used for knee,hip bone fracture
• Weight usually 5-7 pounds attach to skin
2. Skeletal traction –
• Needs invasive procedure
• Weight is upto 10 kg attached to bone

Internal fixation

External
fixation

Plaster of Paris

Type of cast
1. Short arm cast, Long arm cast and Arm cylinder cast
2. Short leg cast, long leg cat and Leg cylinder cast
3. Unilateral hip spica cast
4. Shoulder spica cast, One and one-half hip spica
cast, and Bilateral long leg hip spica cast.
5. Short leg hip spica cast
6. Abduction boot cast

1. Short arm cast, Long arm cast and Arm cylinder cast
Type of cast

2. Short leg cast, long leg cat and Leg cylinder cast

3. Unilateral hip spica cast
4. One and one-half hip spica cast
and Bilateral long leg hip spica cast.

Complication of
fracture
• Shock
• fat embolism
• deep vein thrombosis
• infection

NURSING MANAGEMENT
Patients with closed fractures:
• Encourage patient not to mobilize fracture site.
• exercises to maintain the health of unaffected muscles for
using assistive devices (eg, crutches, walker).
• teach patients how to use assistive devices safely.
• Patient teaching includes self-care, medication information,
monitoring for potential complications, and the need for continuing
health care supervision.Tuesday, August 4, 2020

Patients with open fractures:
• wound irrigation and debridement in the operating room are
necessary.
• Intravenous antibiotics are prescribed to prevent
or treat infection.
• wound is cultured.

• fracture is carefully reduced and stabilized by external fixation
• Any damage to blood vessels, soft tissue, muscles, nerves, and
tendons is treated.
• Heavily contaminated wounds are left unsutured and dressed with
sterile gauze to permit swelling and wound drainage.

Fracture (Ayoub)

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Fracture (Ayoub)

Similar to Fracture (Ayoub) (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Fracture (Ayoub)