The document summarizes the findings of a study analyzing TV news coverage of the Gaza conflict from December 26, 2008 to January 6, 2009. The study found that patterns of visual coverage were shaped by national outlook, with Arab stations focusing most on Gaza while European programs were less focused. Most outlets relied heavily on footage of destruction in Gaza and the Israeli army due to lack of images of Hamas fighters. Coverage varied between outlets, with some like Fox News and BBC showing a more balanced picture by also featuring Israeli victims and Hamas.
The document discusses the British government's propaganda objectives during the Suez Crisis and the extent to which they were achieved. It analyzes how the government manipulated British media, particularly Fleet Street newspapers and the BBC, to turn public opinion against Nasser and justify military action. While the government had some success initially in vilifying Nasser through cooperative newspapers, criticism in liberal papers and the failure of military action showed the propaganda campaign's limitations. Historians have also challenged the traditional view of the BBC as objective by documenting the government's behind-the-scenes influence over the corporation.
NATO in the wake of Hitler - Drang nach Osten.pdfGRAZIA TANTA
1. The document discusses NATO expansionism and militarism as dangers to humanity. It argues that the US uses NATO to dominate Europe, install military bases near Russia, and promote the arms industry.
2. It claims the war in Ukraine will prolong US/NATO dominance over Europe and allow more weapons sales. However, this escalates tensions and endangers European lives and economies to serve US interests.
3. Militarism poses great risks and the document advocates demilitarization and reducing US/NATO aggression towards Russia to promote peace in Europe.
Real History - The Bad War (english 115s)MCExorzist
This document provides a table of contents for chapters covering World War II and related topics in a book called "NOW Forbidden History". The introduction discusses two quotes - one from Aesop's fables about different perspectives shaping history, and one from Edward Gibbon noting that history often records mankind's crimes, follies and misfortunes. Chapter 1 covers events from 1848 to 1913 that helped plant the seeds for future world wars, including revolutions across Europe, the publication of the Communist Manifesto, the establishment of the Reuters news agency, the Franco-Prussian War and unification of Germany.
Hellstorm (the truth about world war 2 and the aftermathMartin Struthers
This document provides context about the village of Nemmersdorf in East Prussia and describes horrific atrocities committed there by Soviet troops in October 1944 after they temporarily broke through the German front lines. German soldiers found all of the village's civilians, including women and children, had been raped and murdered in brutal fashion after the Soviets were driven back. Neutral investigators confirmed the atrocities but their reports received no attention, as by late 1944 the propaganda campaign against Germany had reached such an extreme that few cared about German civilian casualties. The document suggests this set the stage for the Allies' goal in the later stages of the war being the total destruction of Germany and its people.
Charles e. weber german history from a new perspective-hellmut diwald's gesc...RareBooksnRecords
This book review provides a detailed summary of Professor Hellmut Diwald's book "Geschichte der Deutschen" (History of the Germans). The following key points are made:
1) Diwald's book represents a milestone in illustrated general histories of Germany published after 1945, using high quality illustrations and maps and taking a retrospective approach back to the early 10th century.
2) While not denying problematic aspects of German history, the book's text is relatively free of the masochistic tendency in German histories since 1945.
3) The book draws similarities to Hans Hagemeyer's 1944 book "Gestalt und Wandel des Reiches", including using some of the same photographs.
The document discusses media propaganda related to the 2003 Iraq war and ongoing Syrian conflict. It notes that during the Iraq war, US media networks framed the invasion favorably and avoided showing Iraqi casualties, while Arab networks portrayed it as an invasion. It also critiques Western media coverage of Syria for falsely portraying early violence as a popular uprising against Assad and for uncritically reporting pro-opposition sources like the White Helmets. The document argues mainstream narratives in both conflicts have lacked credibility and ignored evidence contradicting pro-Western stances.
This document provides an overview of World War II through summarizing the contents of an atlas about the war. It discusses key events like the German occupation of Paris in 1940 and the US Marines battle at Iwo Jima in 1945. It also provides historical context about the lead up to the war and its devastating global impact. The introduction frames World War II as the culmination of tensions between Britain and Germany over European dominance dating back to World War I.
DuBow Digest American Edition october 2014dubowdigest
The document discusses several topics related to Germany:
1) It summarizes that the German military (Bundeswehr) has highly trained personnel but lacks adequate equipment, leaving it ill-prepared for missions.
2) It describes Germany's Day of Unity on October 3rd, which commemorates reunification, and notes parts of the Berlin Wall still stand as remnants.
3) It discusses the ongoing influence of East Germany on modern Germany, pointing to Chancellor Merkel's background and leadership style as an example of this impact.
4) It outlines the establishment of a new art recovery center in Germany to strengthen efforts to locate artwork looted during the Nazi era.
The document discusses the British government's propaganda objectives during the Suez Crisis and the extent to which they were achieved. It analyzes how the government manipulated British media, particularly Fleet Street newspapers and the BBC, to turn public opinion against Nasser and justify military action. While the government had some success initially in vilifying Nasser through cooperative newspapers, criticism in liberal papers and the failure of military action showed the propaganda campaign's limitations. Historians have also challenged the traditional view of the BBC as objective by documenting the government's behind-the-scenes influence over the corporation.
NATO in the wake of Hitler - Drang nach Osten.pdfGRAZIA TANTA
1. The document discusses NATO expansionism and militarism as dangers to humanity. It argues that the US uses NATO to dominate Europe, install military bases near Russia, and promote the arms industry.
2. It claims the war in Ukraine will prolong US/NATO dominance over Europe and allow more weapons sales. However, this escalates tensions and endangers European lives and economies to serve US interests.
3. Militarism poses great risks and the document advocates demilitarization and reducing US/NATO aggression towards Russia to promote peace in Europe.
Real History - The Bad War (english 115s)MCExorzist
This document provides a table of contents for chapters covering World War II and related topics in a book called "NOW Forbidden History". The introduction discusses two quotes - one from Aesop's fables about different perspectives shaping history, and one from Edward Gibbon noting that history often records mankind's crimes, follies and misfortunes. Chapter 1 covers events from 1848 to 1913 that helped plant the seeds for future world wars, including revolutions across Europe, the publication of the Communist Manifesto, the establishment of the Reuters news agency, the Franco-Prussian War and unification of Germany.
Hellstorm (the truth about world war 2 and the aftermathMartin Struthers
This document provides context about the village of Nemmersdorf in East Prussia and describes horrific atrocities committed there by Soviet troops in October 1944 after they temporarily broke through the German front lines. German soldiers found all of the village's civilians, including women and children, had been raped and murdered in brutal fashion after the Soviets were driven back. Neutral investigators confirmed the atrocities but their reports received no attention, as by late 1944 the propaganda campaign against Germany had reached such an extreme that few cared about German civilian casualties. The document suggests this set the stage for the Allies' goal in the later stages of the war being the total destruction of Germany and its people.
Charles e. weber german history from a new perspective-hellmut diwald's gesc...RareBooksnRecords
This book review provides a detailed summary of Professor Hellmut Diwald's book "Geschichte der Deutschen" (History of the Germans). The following key points are made:
1) Diwald's book represents a milestone in illustrated general histories of Germany published after 1945, using high quality illustrations and maps and taking a retrospective approach back to the early 10th century.
2) While not denying problematic aspects of German history, the book's text is relatively free of the masochistic tendency in German histories since 1945.
3) The book draws similarities to Hans Hagemeyer's 1944 book "Gestalt und Wandel des Reiches", including using some of the same photographs.
The document discusses media propaganda related to the 2003 Iraq war and ongoing Syrian conflict. It notes that during the Iraq war, US media networks framed the invasion favorably and avoided showing Iraqi casualties, while Arab networks portrayed it as an invasion. It also critiques Western media coverage of Syria for falsely portraying early violence as a popular uprising against Assad and for uncritically reporting pro-opposition sources like the White Helmets. The document argues mainstream narratives in both conflicts have lacked credibility and ignored evidence contradicting pro-Western stances.
This document provides an overview of World War II through summarizing the contents of an atlas about the war. It discusses key events like the German occupation of Paris in 1940 and the US Marines battle at Iwo Jima in 1945. It also provides historical context about the lead up to the war and its devastating global impact. The introduction frames World War II as the culmination of tensions between Britain and Germany over European dominance dating back to World War I.
DuBow Digest American Edition october 2014dubowdigest
The document discusses several topics related to Germany:
1) It summarizes that the German military (Bundeswehr) has highly trained personnel but lacks adequate equipment, leaving it ill-prepared for missions.
2) It describes Germany's Day of Unity on October 3rd, which commemorates reunification, and notes parts of the Berlin Wall still stand as remnants.
3) It discusses the ongoing influence of East Germany on modern Germany, pointing to Chancellor Merkel's background and leadership style as an example of this impact.
4) It outlines the establishment of a new art recovery center in Germany to strengthen efforts to locate artwork looted during the Nazi era.
The document provides updates on political and social issues in Germany. It discusses the League of Expellees and concerns about some members holding revanchist views that could undermine reconciliation efforts. It also describes the new European External Action Service that will coordinate EU foreign policy, and the closure of a mosque in Hamburg known to recruit for terrorist activities. The challenges of enforcing sanctions against Iran while some German firms try to circumvent the rules are also noted.
The 1990 swindle by the US government against the Russian people.Chris HelwegChris Helweg
Due to a historic data-dump on December 10th, the biggest swindle that occurred in the 20th Century is now proven as a historical fact; and this swindle was done by the US Government, against the Government and people of Russia, and it continues today and keeps getting worse under every US President.
It was secretly started by US President George Herbert Walker Bush on the night of 24 February 1990; and, unless it becomes publicly recognized and repudiated so that it can stop, a nuclear war between the US and all of NATO on one side, versus Russia on the other, is inevitable unless Russia capitulates before then, which would be vastly less likely than such a world-ending nuclear war now is.
Chris Helweg
This document discusses different perspectives on which country or countries were to blame for World War 1. It presents evidence from 9 sources, with varying verdicts on assigning blame. Some sources clearly blame Germany, while others argue multiple countries shared responsibility or that other countries like Austria or Russia also contributed. Overall, the document suggests that no single country was solely to blame and that the war resulted from decisions and actions of several nations.
Examine the role of nationalism in causing twentieth century warfareMegan Kedzlie
This document examines how nationalism contributed to warfare in the 20th century. It discusses how European empires like Germany, Britain, and Russia exhibited strong nationalism after unification, with each seeking to expand their colonial rule. This nationalism fostered a sense of pride and distrust of other nations. The Franco-Prussian War unified Germany and heightened German nationalism. After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles further inflamed German nationalism, enabling the rise of the Nazi party and Germany's initiation of World War II out of a desire to regain lost territory and power. Nationalism was a major factor driving conflict, though technological advances also enabled new capabilities for war.
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Final exam essayStephen Cheng
This document summarizes and analyzes a 1962 interview report by Bernard Fall with Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam. Some key points:
- Fall documented rapid industrialization and economic development in North Vietnam, contradicting claims it was a failure.
- Fall correctly quoted Ho Chi Minh saying North Vietnam would prevail over US-backed South Vietnam, which proved true when North Vietnam reunified the country in 1975.
- However, Fall incorrectly assumed North Vietnam wanted to control all of former French Indochina, when in reality its ambitions were focused on reunifying Vietnam.
- The document analyzes inaccuracies in Fall's views of North Vietnam's relationships with China and the Soviet Union,
1. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced reforms of openness (glasnost) and economic restructuring (perestroika) to revitalize the Soviet economy amid stagnation.
2. Gorbachev sought to reduce Cold War tensions and nuclear arms, signing treaties with the US that eliminated intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe.
3. Inspired by Gorbachev's reforms and tolerance of dissent, opposition groups in Eastern Europe demanded changes, leading to the election of the first non-communist government in Poland in 1989 and undermining Soviet control in the region.
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Second essayStephen Cheng
The document discusses the "Americanization" of the Vietnam War and the challenges the US faced in winning hearts and minds. As the war escalated, the US replaced South Vietnamese forces and fought a total war instead of a limited one. To justify this escalation, the US would need to engage in nation-building efforts in South Vietnam to strengthen the country and make US involvement temporary. However, winning hearts and minds also required addressing social issues and reforming policies like land distribution that the Viet Cong used to gain support. The US faced difficulties prioritizing social reforms over protecting the existing social order.
The document summarizes data from a study analyzing 227 inter-state wars between 1840-2005. Some key findings include: World War 1 and 2 accounted for 78% of battle deaths, with France experiencing over 1.8 million deaths despite participating in fewer wars than the US. Overall battle deaths have been trending upward even excluding the World Wars. As technology advances, the impact of modern weapons on battle deaths is increasing. Initiators of wars suffered less than 30% of deaths on average compared to their opponents.
Swastika the nazi_terror-james_waterman_wise-1933-125pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document discusses the origins and development of anti-Semitism in Germany in the late 19th century. Ethnologists put forth the theory that Jews were racially inferior Semites rather than Aryan Germans. This provided the scientific basis for anti-Semitism that was promoted by nationalist and reactionary political forces to exploit prejudice against Jews and oppose liberalism. While overt anti-Jewish policies were prevented by opposition parties and favorable economic conditions, anti-Semitic ideology became entrenched in German academia and society, paving the way for future persecution of Jews.
1. The document discusses several topics related to civilian life in Germany during World War 2, including the economy, ideology around women's roles, and propaganda/censorship.
2. As the war progressed, consumer goods became scarce and rationing tightened, with shortages of food, clothes, and other items by 1942-1943. Working conditions also deteriorated with increased hours and the use of foreign workers.
3. While propaganda aimed to maintain morale, Allied bombing of major cities could not be hidden and caused significant civilian casualties and destruction, undermining support for the regime by 1943-1944.
While tensions remained during the Cold War, the 1960s saw some improvements in US-Soviet relations and arms control efforts. Key events included the Cuban Missile Crisis convincing both sides to pursue nuclear arms agreements; the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty restricting atmospheric and underground nuclear tests; and the 1972 SALT I treaty freezing the number of nuclear delivery systems both countries could possess. However, political disagreements and distrust continued to hamper full resolution of issues like Germany and influence in the developing world.
This document summarizes the key events and organizations that emerged in post-WWII Europe and globally in response to tensions with the Soviet Union. It discusses the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe's economies; the division of Germany and Europe along capitalist/communist lines; the Bretton Woods agreement establishing the IMF, World Bank and international monetary system; the founding of the UN; and the creation of NATO as a military alliance to deter Soviet aggression in Europe. These developments laid the foundations for the post-war global political and economic order.
DuBow Digest American Edition April 2015dubowdigest
This document is a newsletter providing updates on news related to Germany and Israel. It discusses Israel receiving new submarines from Germany that enhance its security capabilities. It also discusses tensions in Europe regarding Germany's dominant economic role, with some likening it to Nazi dominance and calling it the "Fourth Reich". Critics argue Germany has profited in the euro crisis and imposed austerity on Southern Europe.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist group in 1914 set off a series of events that led to World War I. Austria-Hungary issued an extreme ultimatum to Serbia in response, and received assurances from Germany if Russia intervened to defend Serbia. By August 1914, the major European powers had chosen sides between the Allied and Central Powers, divided by a system of defense treaties, plunging the world into the first global military conflict.
The document summarizes the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s and the subsequent turmoil across Eastern Europe and Russia. It discusses how nationalist movements emerged in the former Soviet republics, fueling conflicts like the Yugoslav Wars. Meanwhile, the European Union expanded and deepened integration among its members, aiming to promote stability on the continent in the post-Cold War era. However, ethnic tensions and the difficulties of forming a common security and foreign policy posed continuing challenges for the EU.
This document summarizes key events and developments in global politics during the early Cold War period from 1949-1953. It discusses the Soviet Union's acquisition of nuclear weapons and the American response of increasing defense spending. It also describes efforts to establish a unified European military force through the proposed European Defense Community, as well as early economic integration through the European Coal and Steel Community. Finally, it notes that the first phase of the Cold War came to an end with the departures of Joseph Stalin and Harry Truman from power in 1953, leaving uncertainty about whether East-West relations might thaw under new leadership on both sides.
This document outlines the coursework requirements for a history class, divided into three terms. It includes assignments on:
1) Analyzing peace treaties after WWI and the League of Nations.
2) Examining the Weimar Republic period in Germany, including economic crises and the rise of the Nazis.
3) Discussing the collapse of international relations prior to WWII, including appeasement policies and the outbreak of war in 1939. Students are to complete source analysis questions, timelines, and essays on these topics.
The document is a summary of the audiobook "The Detonators". It describes how in 1916, German saboteurs blew up Black Tom Island in New York Harbor, devastating lower Manhattan. Though the attack was massive, America had done little to prevent further attacks by German agents operating within the country. Twenty years later, three lawyers named McCloy, Peaslee, and Martin made it their mission to solve the mystery of the Black Tom explosion and hold Germany responsible, which they barely accomplished before World War II. The audiobook provides a portrait of these men and the era, as well as the love story between John McCloy and his wife Ellen.
1) The document discusses the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War 1. It describes the negotiations between allied powers and Germany, and the terms imposed on Germany.
2) Key terms included Germany accepting full blame, losing territory and colonies, restrictions on military, and reparations of $30 billion. This caused resentment in Germany.
3) The treaty led to the formation of the Weimar Republic in Germany but the new government was weak, as well as growth of communism and distrust of authorities in Germany after the war.
This document outlines a project to engage graduate-recruiting employers in reviewing and endorsing open educational resources (OERs) published in the HumBox repository. The project aims to add value to existing OERs, reinforce communities of practice, and encourage open content publication and reuse. It will explore employers' motivations for reviewing, the types of OERs they may review, and the language they may use. The project also seeks to understand patterns of employer engagement with OERs and how reviews could impact OER dynamics. It poses questions about how employers and higher education institutions may approach open licensing and hosting reviews.
Kurt Mullane, Director, Asia Education Foundation, Asialink Centre, The Unive...k.mullane
This document discusses the importance of teaching Australian children about Asia in schools. It identifies three key things that should be taught: 1) the diversity of Asia's cultures, traditions, and belief systems and how humans have interacted with the environment in Asia; 2) Asia's achievements and contributions to world history, arts, and society that have influenced Australia; and 3) the historical and current engagement between Asia and Australia and how Asian Australians have shaped Australia. The document argues that proper study of other parts of the world is important for a well-rounded education. However, Australian curricula and teachers currently focus very little on Asia. Ways to improve teaching about Asia include cultural exchange programs, building teacher expertise in Asian languages and cultures
The document provides updates on political and social issues in Germany. It discusses the League of Expellees and concerns about some members holding revanchist views that could undermine reconciliation efforts. It also describes the new European External Action Service that will coordinate EU foreign policy, and the closure of a mosque in Hamburg known to recruit for terrorist activities. The challenges of enforcing sanctions against Iran while some German firms try to circumvent the rules are also noted.
The 1990 swindle by the US government against the Russian people.Chris HelwegChris Helweg
Due to a historic data-dump on December 10th, the biggest swindle that occurred in the 20th Century is now proven as a historical fact; and this swindle was done by the US Government, against the Government and people of Russia, and it continues today and keeps getting worse under every US President.
It was secretly started by US President George Herbert Walker Bush on the night of 24 February 1990; and, unless it becomes publicly recognized and repudiated so that it can stop, a nuclear war between the US and all of NATO on one side, versus Russia on the other, is inevitable unless Russia capitulates before then, which would be vastly less likely than such a world-ending nuclear war now is.
Chris Helweg
This document discusses different perspectives on which country or countries were to blame for World War 1. It presents evidence from 9 sources, with varying verdicts on assigning blame. Some sources clearly blame Germany, while others argue multiple countries shared responsibility or that other countries like Austria or Russia also contributed. Overall, the document suggests that no single country was solely to blame and that the war resulted from decisions and actions of several nations.
Examine the role of nationalism in causing twentieth century warfareMegan Kedzlie
This document examines how nationalism contributed to warfare in the 20th century. It discusses how European empires like Germany, Britain, and Russia exhibited strong nationalism after unification, with each seeking to expand their colonial rule. This nationalism fostered a sense of pride and distrust of other nations. The Franco-Prussian War unified Germany and heightened German nationalism. After World War I, the Treaty of Versailles further inflamed German nationalism, enabling the rise of the Nazi party and Germany's initiation of World War II out of a desire to regain lost territory and power. Nationalism was a major factor driving conflict, though technological advances also enabled new capabilities for war.
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Final exam essayStephen Cheng
This document summarizes and analyzes a 1962 interview report by Bernard Fall with Ho Chi Minh, the leader of North Vietnam. Some key points:
- Fall documented rapid industrialization and economic development in North Vietnam, contradicting claims it was a failure.
- Fall correctly quoted Ho Chi Minh saying North Vietnam would prevail over US-backed South Vietnam, which proved true when North Vietnam reunified the country in 1975.
- However, Fall incorrectly assumed North Vietnam wanted to control all of former French Indochina, when in reality its ambitions were focused on reunifying Vietnam.
- The document analyzes inaccuracies in Fall's views of North Vietnam's relationships with China and the Soviet Union,
1. Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985 and introduced reforms of openness (glasnost) and economic restructuring (perestroika) to revitalize the Soviet economy amid stagnation.
2. Gorbachev sought to reduce Cold War tensions and nuclear arms, signing treaties with the US that eliminated intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe.
3. Inspired by Gorbachev's reforms and tolerance of dissent, opposition groups in Eastern Europe demanded changes, leading to the election of the first non-communist government in Poland in 1989 and undermining Soviet control in the region.
Autumn 2009, History 279 (The Vietnam War) - Second essayStephen Cheng
The document discusses the "Americanization" of the Vietnam War and the challenges the US faced in winning hearts and minds. As the war escalated, the US replaced South Vietnamese forces and fought a total war instead of a limited one. To justify this escalation, the US would need to engage in nation-building efforts in South Vietnam to strengthen the country and make US involvement temporary. However, winning hearts and minds also required addressing social issues and reforming policies like land distribution that the Viet Cong used to gain support. The US faced difficulties prioritizing social reforms over protecting the existing social order.
The document summarizes data from a study analyzing 227 inter-state wars between 1840-2005. Some key findings include: World War 1 and 2 accounted for 78% of battle deaths, with France experiencing over 1.8 million deaths despite participating in fewer wars than the US. Overall battle deaths have been trending upward even excluding the World Wars. As technology advances, the impact of modern weapons on battle deaths is increasing. Initiators of wars suffered less than 30% of deaths on average compared to their opponents.
Swastika the nazi_terror-james_waterman_wise-1933-125pgs-polRareBooksnRecords
The document discusses the origins and development of anti-Semitism in Germany in the late 19th century. Ethnologists put forth the theory that Jews were racially inferior Semites rather than Aryan Germans. This provided the scientific basis for anti-Semitism that was promoted by nationalist and reactionary political forces to exploit prejudice against Jews and oppose liberalism. While overt anti-Jewish policies were prevented by opposition parties and favorable economic conditions, anti-Semitic ideology became entrenched in German academia and society, paving the way for future persecution of Jews.
1. The document discusses several topics related to civilian life in Germany during World War 2, including the economy, ideology around women's roles, and propaganda/censorship.
2. As the war progressed, consumer goods became scarce and rationing tightened, with shortages of food, clothes, and other items by 1942-1943. Working conditions also deteriorated with increased hours and the use of foreign workers.
3. While propaganda aimed to maintain morale, Allied bombing of major cities could not be hidden and caused significant civilian casualties and destruction, undermining support for the regime by 1943-1944.
While tensions remained during the Cold War, the 1960s saw some improvements in US-Soviet relations and arms control efforts. Key events included the Cuban Missile Crisis convincing both sides to pursue nuclear arms agreements; the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty restricting atmospheric and underground nuclear tests; and the 1972 SALT I treaty freezing the number of nuclear delivery systems both countries could possess. However, political disagreements and distrust continued to hamper full resolution of issues like Germany and influence in the developing world.
This document summarizes the key events and organizations that emerged in post-WWII Europe and globally in response to tensions with the Soviet Union. It discusses the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe's economies; the division of Germany and Europe along capitalist/communist lines; the Bretton Woods agreement establishing the IMF, World Bank and international monetary system; the founding of the UN; and the creation of NATO as a military alliance to deter Soviet aggression in Europe. These developments laid the foundations for the post-war global political and economic order.
DuBow Digest American Edition April 2015dubowdigest
This document is a newsletter providing updates on news related to Germany and Israel. It discusses Israel receiving new submarines from Germany that enhance its security capabilities. It also discusses tensions in Europe regarding Germany's dominant economic role, with some likening it to Nazi dominance and calling it the "Fourth Reich". Critics argue Germany has profited in the euro crisis and imposed austerity on Southern Europe.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist group in 1914 set off a series of events that led to World War I. Austria-Hungary issued an extreme ultimatum to Serbia in response, and received assurances from Germany if Russia intervened to defend Serbia. By August 1914, the major European powers had chosen sides between the Allied and Central Powers, divided by a system of defense treaties, plunging the world into the first global military conflict.
The document summarizes the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s and the subsequent turmoil across Eastern Europe and Russia. It discusses how nationalist movements emerged in the former Soviet republics, fueling conflicts like the Yugoslav Wars. Meanwhile, the European Union expanded and deepened integration among its members, aiming to promote stability on the continent in the post-Cold War era. However, ethnic tensions and the difficulties of forming a common security and foreign policy posed continuing challenges for the EU.
This document summarizes key events and developments in global politics during the early Cold War period from 1949-1953. It discusses the Soviet Union's acquisition of nuclear weapons and the American response of increasing defense spending. It also describes efforts to establish a unified European military force through the proposed European Defense Community, as well as early economic integration through the European Coal and Steel Community. Finally, it notes that the first phase of the Cold War came to an end with the departures of Joseph Stalin and Harry Truman from power in 1953, leaving uncertainty about whether East-West relations might thaw under new leadership on both sides.
This document outlines the coursework requirements for a history class, divided into three terms. It includes assignments on:
1) Analyzing peace treaties after WWI and the League of Nations.
2) Examining the Weimar Republic period in Germany, including economic crises and the rise of the Nazis.
3) Discussing the collapse of international relations prior to WWII, including appeasement policies and the outbreak of war in 1939. Students are to complete source analysis questions, timelines, and essays on these topics.
The document is a summary of the audiobook "The Detonators". It describes how in 1916, German saboteurs blew up Black Tom Island in New York Harbor, devastating lower Manhattan. Though the attack was massive, America had done little to prevent further attacks by German agents operating within the country. Twenty years later, three lawyers named McCloy, Peaslee, and Martin made it their mission to solve the mystery of the Black Tom explosion and hold Germany responsible, which they barely accomplished before World War II. The audiobook provides a portrait of these men and the era, as well as the love story between John McCloy and his wife Ellen.
1) The document discusses the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War 1. It describes the negotiations between allied powers and Germany, and the terms imposed on Germany.
2) Key terms included Germany accepting full blame, losing territory and colonies, restrictions on military, and reparations of $30 billion. This caused resentment in Germany.
3) The treaty led to the formation of the Weimar Republic in Germany but the new government was weak, as well as growth of communism and distrust of authorities in Germany after the war.
This document outlines a project to engage graduate-recruiting employers in reviewing and endorsing open educational resources (OERs) published in the HumBox repository. The project aims to add value to existing OERs, reinforce communities of practice, and encourage open content publication and reuse. It will explore employers' motivations for reviewing, the types of OERs they may review, and the language they may use. The project also seeks to understand patterns of employer engagement with OERs and how reviews could impact OER dynamics. It poses questions about how employers and higher education institutions may approach open licensing and hosting reviews.
Kurt Mullane, Director, Asia Education Foundation, Asialink Centre, The Unive...k.mullane
This document discusses the importance of teaching Australian children about Asia in schools. It identifies three key things that should be taught: 1) the diversity of Asia's cultures, traditions, and belief systems and how humans have interacted with the environment in Asia; 2) Asia's achievements and contributions to world history, arts, and society that have influenced Australia; and 3) the historical and current engagement between Asia and Australia and how Asian Australians have shaped Australia. The document argues that proper study of other parts of the world is important for a well-rounded education. However, Australian curricula and teachers currently focus very little on Asia. Ways to improve teaching about Asia include cultural exchange programs, building teacher expertise in Asian languages and cultures
Dokumen ini memberikan ringkasan data demografi dan pekerjaan di 3 desa di Kecamatan Sukamaju antara tahun 2006-2008, termasuk jumlah penduduk berdasarkan jenis kelamin, serta distribusi pekerjaan masyarakat di setiap desa.
This document is a Haggadah, or guide, for the Passover Seder. It includes the Kiddush blessing recited over the first cup of wine, commentary on the symbolic meaning of the four cups of wine, and the full blessings recited over the first two cups of wine in Hebrew and English. It notes variations if the Seder begins on a weekday or Saturday night. The document draws from multiple sources that are cited.
Keynote talk to a conference of educators, introducing ways to increase engagement through the use of technology and pedagogical methods for heightening student motivation
Internet adalah jaringan komputer global yang terhubung satu sama lain. Dokumen ini menjelaskan perangkat keras dan lunak yang dibutuhkan untuk mengakses internet, termasuk spesifikasi minimum komputer, modem, dan jaringan telepon.
This document summarizes a study of CEO succession events among the largest 100 U.S. corporations between 2005-2015. The study analyzed executives who were passed over for the CEO role ("succession losers") and their subsequent careers. It found that 74% of passed over executives left their companies, with 30% eventually becoming CEOs elsewhere. However, companies led by succession losers saw average stock price declines of 13% over 3 years, compared to gains for companies whose CEO selections remained unchanged. The findings suggest that boards generally identify the most qualified CEO candidates, though differences between internal and external hires complicate comparisons.
Weimar Germany - were Germans reactions to the treaty justified?mrmarr
The document discusses whether German opinions of the unfairness of the Treaty of Versailles were justified. It provides context on the German government strongly encouraging public hatred of the treaty's terms. While territory and military conditions were less punitive than what Germany previously imposed on Russia, the loss of land and reduced military damaged German pride. There is debate around whether the German government undermined defeat by portraying soldiers as victors, and if blaming all the war guilt on Germany dishonored soldiers. Historians have different views on whether Germans understandably saw themselves as victims due to being excluded from negotiations.
The document provides information about Germany, including its national symbols, location, geographic features, climate, capital city, government, economy, military, population trends, agriculture, environmentalism, customs, sports, tourism sites, history, and current events. Key facts mentioned include Germany having neighbors like France, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, its capital being Berlin, having a democratic government led by a chancellor, being a member of the EU and NATO, and emphasizing environmental issues.
After the fall of the USSR, Western countries dominated the global narrative and perspective. Al-Jazeera was launched in 1996 as the first independent Arabic news channel to offer an alternative perspective and give voice to Arab opinions. It gained prominence covering the US war in Afghanistan when other networks were expelled. While popular in Europe and the Middle East, Al-Jazeera has faced accusations of bias from the US and was banned briefly in India for its coverage of Kashmir. The network argues it provides a needed alternative to Western-dominated media perspectives.
The document discusses four forms of war reporting: technical, official, ideological, and critical. It provides examples of each type from various conflicts. Technical reporting focuses on the equipment journalists use. Official reporting involves working with the government and military. Ideological reporting takes sides. Critical reporting aims for objectivity but faces challenges remaining neutral given constraints on access and information.
The document provides information about the causes, beginning, and effects of World War 1. It discusses the alliance systems and militarism that contributed to the war, as well as nationalism. It describes how the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led Austria-Hungary to issue demands to Serbia that caused other countries to join due to existing treaties. The effects included changes to governments like the Treaty of Versailles, economic impacts like debt and inflation in Europe, and lasting psychological impacts on society.
The document discusses several key causes that contributed to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914. It analyzes long-term developments like the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, rising nationalism in the Balkans, and the alliance system that divided Europe into opposing camps. It also examines short-term triggers like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand that set off a chain of events leading to war. Overall, the document argues that while certain causes increased tensions for decades, the war could have been avoided if cooler heads had prevailed during the July Crisis of 1914 to find a diplomatic solution.
World War I was caused by rising nationalism in European nations and their competition for power and resources, which led to the formation of opposing alliances. Militarism and an arms race escalated tensions as countries expanded their armed forces. Immediate causes of the war included the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist and the chain reaction of countries honoring their alliance obligations by declaring war on each other. Within a month, the major European powers were at war across both Western and Eastern fronts.
The document discusses how US media coverage of the Gaza war between Israel and Hamas in late 2008/early 2009 missed important details and context seen by other international outlets. It notes that Arab networks like Al Jazeera had reporters in Gaza able to show devastating images of destruction, while US networks largely relied on Israeli government sources and lacked reporters on the ground in Gaza. This led the US public to have an incomplete view of the human cost and suffering from the war.
This document provides an abstract for a paper analyzing the German newsreel "Die Deutsche Wochenschau" produced between mid-1943 and March 1945 as Germany was losing World War II. The abstract indicates that the paper will examine how the newsreels depicted Germany and its military as the country came under increasing war-related stress. It will analyze elements of style, messaging, and discrepancies with reality in the later newsreels. The goal is to shed light on these overlooked newsreels and provide better understanding of Nazi propaganda and Germany's military and civilian circumstances during this crucial period.
The document provides background information on the causes and key events of World War I involving the United States. It discusses the U.S. remaining neutral at first while supplying both sides, with greater support and trade going to the Allies. Two main events, the sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmerman Telegram, shifted American opinion towards supporting the Allies. The U.S. entered the war in 1917 and sent troops to help achieve an Allied victory by 1918.
Du bow digest american edition april 2015dubowdigest
This document is a newsletter from Eugene Dubow providing updates on news related to Germany. It discusses several topics:
- Germany is still dealing with the aftermath of the Germanwings plane crash by a German pilot.
- Former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl celebrated his 85th birthday and his legacy of reunifying Germany and supporting European unity is still praised today.
- Some Greeks and others in Southern Europe criticize Germany's economic dominance in the EU since the financial crisis, drawing comparisons to Nazi occupation. However, others argue Germany is just acting in its own economic interests.
- Germany has important economic ties with Iran and German companies would be negatively impacted by sanctions, so Germany likely sees the nuclear deal as
The document discusses different types of war reporting and issues around covering modern conflicts. It notes that there are four main forms of war reportage: technical, official, ideological, and critical. It then examines challenges around access to information, embedded vs. unilateral journalists, and the tension between objectivity and serving as an extension of the war effort for one's nation.
The document discusses the sinking of the Lusitania by a German submarine in 1915 and the US response. It then discusses Germany's resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare in 1917 and the intercepted Zimmerman Telegram proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the US. The US entered WWI in 1917 in response to these events.
Du bow digest american edition march 19, 2012dubowdigest
The document provides updates on recent political events and issues in Germany. It discusses:
1) The election of a new German President and upcoming state elections that could impact the makeup of the national government.
2) Growing anti-German sentiment in Greece as the country struggles with its debt crisis, and Germany's role as chief lender.
3) Biographical details of German Chancellor Angela Merkel and her rise to power from East Germany.
To what extent can the First World War constitute "total war"?Megan Kedzlie
The document discusses whether and to what extent World War 1 constituted "total war". It provides several points showing how WWI was a total war, such as the immense casualties, increased state control over economies, and the war's effects on civilian life. However, it also notes that some historians dispute this, arguing that Germany's goals may have been more limited like creating colonies or localized conflicts in Europe. The document examines how the war economies and rationing affected civilians, and how women began entering the workforce in Britain and France during the war. It concludes by acknowledging viewpoints that Germany may not have aimed for full-scale war given its geographic position in Europe.
World War I greatly changed Europe and the world. The Russian Revolution led to the establishment of communist Soviet Union. The Treaty of Versailles forced harsh terms on Germany including war reparations that damaged Germany's economy. The worldwide economic depression in the late 1920s increased unrest and nationalism, allowing the Nazi party to rise in Germany appealing to those dissatisfied with their current situation.
The document provides an overview of key events leading up to World War II from 1919 to 1941, including the Treaty of Versailles, rise of Hitler and Nazi Germany, appeasement at the Munich Conference, and the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. It discusses territorial losses imposed on Germany by the Treaty, reaction in Germany, and failures of the League of Nations to prevent aggression by Germany and Italy in the 1930s.
The document discusses several factors that contributed to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914, including nationalism, imperial rivalries, the alliance system, and militarism in Europe. Nationalist movements in the Balkans threatened the stability of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. The system of alliances between European powers divided them into two armed camps and heightened tensions. Imperial competition over colonies and economic influence also increased distrust between nations. By 1914, heavily militarized European states viewed war as an acceptable means to resolve disputes, making conflict more likely.
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Fóra De Contexto O Conflito De Gaza Nas Principais Cadeas Internacionais De Tv
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5. Footage from within Gaza dominates the screens News routines determine, what is on the screen: Devastation in Gaza has become an iconic element of reporting. But which journalist can check, if all the killed in Gaza have really been innocent civilians? Highlights, 26.12.2008-06.01.2009* Timeline: The Israeli Army and Hamas fighters on screen Basis: 15h of airtime in 20 news shows from 9 countries (* preliminary results)
6. The pattern of visual coverage remains static The other side of the conflict: Hamas fighters stay off the screen most of the time. How can journalists convey a fair story of the conflict, if they show primarily Israeli tanks in their reports? Highlights, 26.12.2008-06.01.2009* Timeline: The Israeli Army and Hamas fighters on screen Basis: 15h of airtime in 20 news shows from 9 countries (* preliminary results)
7. Israel gets blamed more often in the second week New statements often do not bring new insights: Despite new arguments simply lifted from the archives – e.g. the tunnels at the Egyptian – Israel remains the villain in the story. Highlights, 26.12.2008-06.01.2009* Who is responsible for the conflict? Basis: 1,350 news stories in 20 news shows from 9 countries (* preliminary results)
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9. Gaza conflict hits the Arab screens The Palestine conflict is a defining element of Arab identity – Arab TV accordingly devotes half of its total coverage to the Gaza conflict. But awareness in Western outlets is rather strong as well. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Focus on the Gaza conflict: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 3,773 news stories in 18 TV news shows (*ends on 31.12.)
10. Little variance in Arab outlets While there is some variance among Western stations, Arabic outlets display similar patterns. Al-Jazeera seems to have established itself as the champion of the Palestinians: It switched to non-stop reporting on January 3 rd. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Focus on the Gaza conflict: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 3,773 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
11. High awareness in American foreign coverage Visual clues are probably more important than spoken words for the TV public. In Arab and US TV news nearly half of the foreign coverage related to the Palestinian territories – but one has to take into account, that US news is more introspective. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Location of the reports: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 2,077 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
12. US devotes higher share to Gaza than Al Arabiya NBC , ABC and CBS news devoted a higher percentage of its foreign coverage to the Palestinian territories than Al-Arabiya . In absolute terms, of course, the Arab station reported much more intensively. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Location of the reports: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 2,077 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
13. British and German news targets Israelis British and German news reports from a different angle than the other outlets: They focus on the decisions of the Israeli government, while Swiss and Spanish news looked at the fate of the people in Gaza. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Protagonists in Gaza coverage: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 1,076 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
14. Al-Jazeera champions Palestinians Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Protagonists in Gaza coverage: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 1,076 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.) While the availability of TV footage determines what the public gets to see, the storyline can be shaped by the journalists: The three Arab channels treat the conflict parties rather differently.
15. No open support for Israel Negativism is a perennial quality of foreign news – as both sides are associated with the suffering in Gaza, both sides are portrayed rather critically. But there is as well little open support. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Evaluation of Israeli / Palestinian protagonists: Comparison of overall and explicit tone Basis: 377 / 514 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows Overall tone Explicit tone
16. British news holds back from negativity In most countries the Palestinians have been portrayed more negatively, as the reports focused on the situation of the civilian population in Gaza. US coverage was extraordinary negative on Israel. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Evaluation of Israeli / Palestinian protagonists Basis: 377 / 514 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
17. Fox less critical of Israel Ideological differences show most clearly in the US: Fox took a clearly less negative stance on Israel than the three other networks. But in German, there were differences too, for instance, Tagesthemen was more critical than heute journal . Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Evaluation of Israeli / Palestinian protagonists Basis: 377 / 514 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
18. Criticism of Israel mostly indirect Explicit criticism, using words like “killer” or “war criminal” played no crucial role in the evaluation of Israeli protagonists – but the events seemed to speak for themselves (cf. slide 15). Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Evaluation of Israeli / Palestinian protagonists: Explicit tone Basis: 377 / 514 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
19. US news takes sides against both parties While most European outlets refrained from direct criticism, US outlets took a clearly negative stance on both sides, criticizing the Palestinians even more severely than the Israelis. Structures of foreign coverage, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Evaluation of Israeli / Palestinian protagonists: Explicit tone Basis: 377 / 514 TV news shows focusing on the Gaza conflict in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
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23. Lack of new images brings journalists on the screen British news took a different angle, showing Israeli protagonists relatively more often than all other stations. Journalists were most often on the screen in US, German and Swiss news. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Protagonists on screen: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 14h 21 m in 6,261 takes of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (the breakdown relates to the protagonist visible on the screen / * ends on 31.12.)
24. British news tells a different story Arab and British news mark the two ends of a continuum. British news does not only show Israelis more often than the other programs, but displays a higher share for Hamas – fighters and leaders – as well. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* The conflict parties on screen: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 2h 18m, 43m, 4h 21m of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (* ends on 31.12.)
25. Arabic TV underrates Hamas violence The ready availability of footage of the Israeli Defence Forces is used without restraint by all outlets. The lack of images of Hamas fighters on the other hand leads to a one-sided visual perspective for the news stories. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* The Israeli Army and Hamas fighters on screen: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 1h 4m, 17m of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (* ends on 31.12.)
26. East-Western divide on Israeli victims Israeli victims play only a slight role on Arab screens, while German TV devotes the highest share to them. But at least ¾ of all images showing victims relate to Palestinians. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Victims on screen: Comparison of media countries of origin Basis: 19m, 2h 8m of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (* ends on 31.12.)
27. Al-Arabiya and Al-Jazeera tell the same story Intra-national differences are rather insignificant again, as British or German news show the same protagonist structures. Fox on the other hand distinguishes itself from its competitors by using only limited visual material. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Protagonists on screen: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 14h 21 m in 6,261 takes of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (the breakdown relates to the protagonist visible on the screen / * ends on 31.12.)
28. Intra-national variations are low – Fox breaks the ranks When only the opponents are taken into account, Fox takes a “British” view of the conflict, showing more often Israelis than Palestinians. Apart from Fox and the British programs, all other outlets focus more on the images of Palestinians. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* The conflict parties on screen: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 2h 18m, 43m, 4h 21m of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (* ends on 31.12.)
29. Al-Jazeera has a better connection to Hamas Hamas fighters are shown only rather infrequently by Al-Arabiya or LBC , while Al-Jazeera assigns them about ¼ of all the visual material focusing on armed groups or military. Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* The Israeli Army and Hamas fighters on screen: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 1h 4m, 17m of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (* ends on 31.12.)
30. Fox shows Israeli victims prominently The salience of Israeli victims clearly seems to depend on a conscious editorial decision: Only Fox , ITV , ZDF heute journal , RTL and SF Tagesschau assign them more than10% of all visual material relating to war victims Visual coverage of the Gaza conflict, 26.12.2008-02.01.2009* Victims on screen: Comparison of TV stations Basis: 19m, 2h 8m of TV coverage of the Gaza conflict (* ends on 31.12.)
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34. 1/4 of reports do not address responsibility As the force of the visual coverage exerts a strong influence on the perception of the conflict by the viewing public, it becomes more important for the journalists to give background to their viewers. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Who is responsible for the conflict? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
35. German and British news blames both sides As open hostility towards Israel is not politically correct in many countries, in most markets journalists chose to assign the blame for the latest to crisis in Gaza to both opponents. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Who is responsible for the conflict: Focus on Israel and Hamas? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
36. Fox blames the Palestinians Only the Arabic outlets and Fox take sides openly in the Gaza conflict. Hamas on the other hand evades the blame most of the time. On RTL and Fox , Hamas is more often held responsible than the Israeli side. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Who is responsible for the conflict: Focus on Israel and Hamas? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
37. Context I: UK news mentions end of ceasefire As most of the stations have difficulties staying abreast of the overall course of events, only British news mentions the end of the Hamas ceasefire as one decisive element of the Gaza crisis regularly in its reports. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Is the end of the ceasefire by Hamas mentioned? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
38. Context II: Gaza blockade of no interest for Arab news The same observation holds true for the blockade of the Gaza strip by the Israeli forces, who tried to subdue the ongoing missile attacks. This aspect played no significant role in the coverage of the Arab stations. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Is the Israeli blockade of Gaza mentioned? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
39. Context III: Guerilla strategy not on the screen Although the strategy of Hamas can not be understood without noticing the importance of the civilian environment, both for evading Israeli attacks as well as a means for mobilizing international support, this aspect was widely ignored by the TV journalists. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Is mentioned that Hamas fighters are hiding among civilians in Gaza? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
40. Facts are subject to ideology When it came to mentioning the ongoing missile attacks on Israel, there was again a marked West-Eastern divide. Only 1 in 10 stories in the Arab channels mentioned the missile attacks. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Is mentioned that Hamas is firing missiles on Israel? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
41. Arab news show unity in ignoring the Kassam threat While there was some variance in the way and the number of times Western TV stations mentioned the Kassam attacks, Arabic programs displayed a similar position in this aspect. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Media comparison: Is mentioned that Hamas is firing missiles on Israel? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
42. Context IV: Only British news interested in solutions Even more sobering is the fact, that possible solutions to the conflict were addressed rather infrequently. British news again gave more depth to its coverage than the other outlets in this respect. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Are solutions to the conflict mentioned? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)
43. German news stays on the surface Whereas British and American programs showed some interest in possible ways out of the conflict, German and Arabic news stayed on the surface of events, simply describing what happened in Gaza. The Gaza conflict: Arguments and evaluations Media comparison: Are solutions to the conflict mentioned? Basis: 957 news stories in 18 TV news shows (* ends on 31.12.)